English Poor Law Policy

by Sidney Webb; Beatrice Webb

The table shows the nature of the Poor Law (administrative) area at each of the three selected dates. The letters S.P. indicate that at the relevant date the Poor Law area was a separate parish administered by a board of guardians under the Poor Law Acts Amendment Act 1834; L.P. that the area was a separate parish administered under the provisions of a Local Act; G.L. that the area was an incorporation formed under Gilbert's Act (22 Geo. 3 c. 83); L.I. that the area was an incorporation formed under a Local Act. The letter U indicates that at the relevant date the Poor Law area was a union formed under the Act of 1834, though before or after that date the area was of another nature, as indicated. Where no letters in heavy type are inserted, the Poor Law area was formed as a union under the Act of 1834, and no change in its nature had taken place.

The table shows whether an Outdoor Relief Prohibitory, Outdoor Labour Test, or Outdoor Relief Regulation Order was in force in each of the unions, etc., at the selected dates. The letter P indicates that at the relevant date a Prohibitory Order was in force; T, that an Outdoor Labour Test Order was so in force; and R, that a Regulation Order was so in force. In some cases it is difficult for various reasons to state positively whether a Prohibitory, Test, or Regulation Order was in force. Such cases have been marked with a "?"

In a few cases (distinguished in the table by the letter C) there were in force, at the end of 1847, regulations in regard to a labour test for outdoor paupers, which are set out in the Appendix at the end of the table.

In the cases of Nottingham and St. Pancras the outdoor relief regulations at the end of 1847 were in special terms. These regulations are set out in the Appendix.

It is to be noted that at the end of 1847, about 220 separate parishes (principally in the North of England, about 150 being in the West Riding of Yorkshire) were still outside any incorporation or union, and were managed under the provisions of 43 Eliz. c. 2. At 1871 these parishes had nearly all been included in various unions, only the four Inns of Court[863] and the Charterhouse remaining. In 1877 the Charterhouse was added to Holborn Union.

Local Government Board, S.W. 10th May 1907.

Unions, etc.	End of 1847.	End of 1871.	End of 1906.	Notes.
Aberayron	P.	P.	P.
Abergavenny	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.	See Bedwellty.
Aberystwith	P.	P.	P.
Abingdon	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Albans, St.	P.	P.	P.T.
Alcester	P.	P.	P.T.
Alderbury. See Salisbury.
Alnwick	P.	P.	P.
Alresford	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Alston-with-Garrigill	P. (S.P.)	P. (S.P.)	P. (S.P.)
Alstonfield	Nil. (G.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1869. Parishes added to Ashbourne and Leek Unions.
Alton	P.	P.	P.	See Headley.
Altrincham. See
Bucklow.
Alverstoke and Gosport	Nil. (G.I.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	Incorporation dissolved in 1868 and board of guardians for separate parish declared.
Amersham	P.	P.	P.
Amesbury	P.	P.	P.
Ampthill	P.	P.	P.	See Woburn.
Andover	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Anglesey	T.	R.	P.	See Holyhead.
Arundel	Nil. (G.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1869, and included in East Preston Union.
Asaph, St.	P.	P.	P.
Ash	C. (G.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1869, and parishes added to Farnham, Guildford, and Hartley Wintney Unions.
Ashbourne	Nil.	P.	P.	See Alstonfield.
Ashby-de-la-Zouch	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Ashford, East	P.	P.	P.
Ashford, West	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Ashton-under-Lyne	T.	R.	R.
Aston	P.	P.	P.T.
Atcham	P.	P.	P.	See Shrewsbury.
Atherstone	P.	P.	P.	See Bedworth.
Auckland.	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Austell, St.	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Axbridge	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Axminster	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Aylesbury	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Aylsham	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Aysgarth	...	P.	P.	Formed in 1869 out of parishes in Bainbridge Incorporation with two or three other parishes.
Bainbridge	Nil. (G.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1869. See Aysgarth Union.
Bakewell	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Bala	P.	P.	P.
Banbury	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Bangor and Beaumaris	C.	P.	P.
Barnet	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Barnsley	Nil.	R.	R.	Formed in 1849. In 1847 all parishes were managed under 43 Eliz.
Barnstaple	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Barrow-in-Furness	...	...	R.	Formed in 1876. Formerly part of Ulverston Union.
Barrow-upon-Soar	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Barton Regis	P.T.	P.T.	...	Named "Clifton Union" till 1877. Dissolved in 1904. Parishes added to Bristol, Chipping Sodbury, and Thornbury Poor Law Unions.
Barton-upon-Irwell	...	R.	R.	Formed in 1849. Formerly part of Chorlton Union.
Barwick in Elmet	Nil. (G.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1869. Parishes added to Great Ouseburn, Leeds, Pontefract, Tadcaster, and Wetherby Unions.
Basford	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Basingstoke	P.	P.	P.
Bath	P.	P.	P.
Battle	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Beaminster	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Bedale	P.	P.	P.
Bedford	P.	P.	P.
Bedminster. See Long Ashton.
Bedwellty.		P.	P.T.	Formed in 1849. Formerly part of Abergavenny Union.
Bedworth	Nil.(G.I.)			Dissolved in 1851. Parishes added to Atherstone, Foleshill, Hinckley, Lutterworth, Market Bosworth, and Rugby Unions.
Belford	P.	P.	P.
Bellingham	P.	P.	P.
Belper	P.	P.	P.
Berkhampstead	P.	P.	P.
Bermondsey (formerly St. Olave's Union).	Nil. (U.)	R. (U.)	?R.(S.P.)	Named "St. Olave's Union" till 1904. Now named Bermondsey Parish. See also St. Mary, Rotherhithe, and St. Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey.
Bermondsey, St. Mary Magdalen Parish	Nil. (S.P.)			Included in St. Olave's Union (now called Bermondsey Parish) in 1869.
Berwick-on-Tweed	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Bethnal Green	Nil. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)
Beverley	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Bichester	P.	P.	P.
Bideford	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Biggleswade	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Billericay	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Billesdon	P.	P.	P.
Bingham	P.	P.	P.
Birkenhead		R.	R.	Formed in 1861. Formerly part of Wirrall Union.
Birmingham	Nil. (L.P.)	R. (L.P.)	R. (L.P.)
Bishop Stortford	P.	P.	P.
Blaby	P.	P.	P.
Blackburn	Nil.	R.	R.
Blandford	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Blean	P.	P.	P.
Blofield	P.	P.	P.
Blything	P.	P.	P.
Bodmin	C.	P.	P.
Bolton	Nil.	R.	R.
Bootle	C.	P.	P.
Bosmere and Claydon	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Boston	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Boughton, Great. See Tarvin.
Bourn	P.	P.	P.
Brackley	P.	P.	P.
Bradfield	P.	P.	P.
Bradford, Wilts	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Bradford, Yorks	T. (U.)	R. (U.)	?R. (S.P.)	Parishes in Bradford Union united in 1897 with certain parishes in North Bierley Union to form the Township of Bradford. For Poor Law purposes the area of this township is named the Bradford Poor Law Union.
Braintree	P.	P.T.	P.T.	See Witham.
Bramley	Nil.	Nil.	P.T.	Formed in 1862. In 1847 all the parishes were managed under 43 Eliz.
Brampton	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Brecknock	P.	P.	P.
Brentford	C.	R.	R.
Bridge	P.	P.	P.
Bridgend and Cowbridge	P.	P.	P.T.
Bridgnorth	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Bridgwater	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Bridlington	C.	P.	P.
Bridport	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Brighton	Nil. (L.P.)	Nil. (L.P.)	Nil. (L.P.)
Brinton	Nil. (G.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1869. Parishes added to Walsingham Union.
Bristol	Nil. (L.I.)	R. (L.I.)	R. (S.P.)	Formerly an incorporation, now a parish, and see Barton Regis.
Brixworth	P.	P.	P.
Bromley	P.	P.	P.T.
Bromsgrove	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Bromyard	P.	P.	P.
Buckingham	P.	P.	P.
Bucklow	P.	P.T.	P.T.	Named "Altrincham Union" till 1895.
Builth	T.	R.	R.
Buntingford	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Burnley	Nil.	R.	R.
Burton-upon-Trent	P.	P.	P.T.
Bury	Nil.	R.	R.
Bury St. Edmunds	P. (L.I.)	P. (L.I.)	? P. (S.P.)	Incorporation till 1906. Now separate parish under Poor Law Amendment Act.
Caistor	P.	P.	P.	See Grimsby.
Calne	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Camberwell	Nil. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)
Cambridge	P. (U.)	P.T. (U.)	P.T. (S.P.)	Parishes united to form one parish in 1900.
Camelford	C.	P.T.	P.T.
Cannock	P.	P.	P.T.	Named "Penkridge Union" till 1877.
Canterbury	Nil. (L.I.)	P. (L.I.)	P. (S.P.)	Incorporation till 1881. Then a union, now a parish.
Cardiff	P.	P.T.	P.T.	See Pontypridd.
Cardigan	P.	P.	P.
Carlisle	T.	R.	R.
Carlton	Nil. (G.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1869. Parishes added to Holbeck, Hunslet, Leeds, Wetherby, and Wharfedale Unions.
Carmarthen	P.	P.	P.
Carnarvon	Nil.	P.	P.
Castle Ward	P.	P.	P.
Catherington	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Caton	Nil. (G.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1869. Parishes added to Lancaster and Lunesdale Unions.
Caxton and Arlington	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Cerne	P.	P.	P.
Chailey	P.	P.	...	Dissolved in 1898. Parishes added to Lewes Union.
Chapel-en-le-Frith	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Chard	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Cheadle	P.	P.	P.
Chelmsford	P.	P.	P.
Chelsea	Nil. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)
Cheltenham	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Chepstow	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Chertsey	T.	P.T.	P.T.
Chester	Nil. (L.I.)	P.T. (U.)	P.T. (U.)	Incorporation dissolved and union formed in 1869. In 1871 many parishes added from Great Boughton (Tarvin) and Hawarden Unions.
Chesterfield	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Chester-le-Street	P.	P.	P.
Chesterton	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Chichester	Nil. (L.I.)	R. (L.I.)	R. (S.P.)	Incorporation dissolved and separate parish declared in 1896.
Chippenham	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Chipping Norton	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Chipping Sodbury	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.	See Barton Regis.
Chorley	Nil.	R.	R.
Chorlton	Nil.	R.	R.	See Barton-upon-Irwell.
Christchurch	P.	P.	P.T.
Church Stretton.	P.	P.	P.
Cirencester	P.	P.	P.T.
Cleobury Mortimer	P.	P.	P.
Clerkenwell. See St. James, Clerkenwell.
Clifton. See Barton Regis.
Clitheroe	Nil.	R.	R.
Clun	P.	P.	P.
Clutton	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Cockermouth	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Colchester	P. (U.)	P.T. (U.)	P.?T. (S.P.)	Parishes in union united to form one parish in 1897
Columb, St., Major	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Congleton	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Conway	T.	P.	P.
Cookham. See Maidenhead.
Corwen	P.	P.	P.
Cosford	P.	P.	P.
Coventry	Nil. (L.I.)	R. (L.I.)	R. (U.)	Incorporation dissolved and union formed in 1874.
Cranbrook	P.	P.	P.
Crediton	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Crickhowell	P.	P.	P.T.
Cricklade and Wootton Bassett.	P.	P.	P.
Croydon	P.	P.	P.T.
Cuckfield	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Darlington	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Dartford	P.	P.	P.
Daventry	P.	P.	P.
Depwade	P.	P.T.	P.T.	See Guiltcross.
Derby	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Devizes	P.	P.	P.
Devonport	Nil. (L.P.)	R. (L.P.)	R. (S.P.)	Named "Stoke Damerel Parish" till 1898. Declared separate parish under board of guardians in 1900.
Dewsbury	Nil.	R.	R.
Docking	P.	P.	P.
Dolgelly	T.	P.	P.
Doncaster	P.	P.	P.
Dorchester	P.	P.	P.
Dore	P.	P.	P.
Dorking	P.	P.	P.
Dover	P.	P.	P.
Downham	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Drayton	P.	P.	P.
Driffield	P.	P.	P.
Droitwich	P.	P.	P.
Droxford	P.	P.	P.
Dudley	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Dulverton	T.	P.	P.
Dunmow	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Durham	P.	P.	P.T.
Dursley	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Easington	T.	P.T.	P.T.
Easingwold	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Eastbourne	P.	P.	P.	See West Firle.
East Grinstead	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Easthampstead	P.	P.	P.
East Preston	C. (G.I.)	R. (U.)	R. (U.)	Incorporation dissolved and union formed in 1869. The union included nearly all the parishes in the dissolved incorporation, and also included the dissolved Arundel Incorporation. See also Sutton.
East Retford	P.	P.	P.
Eastry	P.	P.	P.
East Stonehouse	P. (S.P.)	P.T. (S.P.)	P.T. (S.P.)
East Ward	P.	P.	P.
Ecclesall Bierlow	C.	R.	R.
Edmonton	Nil.	R.	R.	See Hampstead.
Elham	P.	P.	P.
Ellesmere	P.	P.	P.	See Whitchurch (Salop).
Ely	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Epping	P.	P.	P.
Epsom	P.	P.	P.
Erpingham	P.	P.	P.
Eton	P.	P.	P.
Evesham	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Exeter	Nil. (L.I.)	R. (L.I.)	R. (S.P.)	Union formed in 1877. Now a parish.
Faith, St.	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Falmouth	C.	P.T.	P.T.
Fareham	P.	P.	P.
Faringdon	P.	P.	P.T.
Farnborough	C. (G.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1869. Parishes added to Hartley Wintney Union.
Farnham	Nil.	P.	P.	See Ash.
Faversham	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Festiniog	P.	P.	P.
Flegg, East and West	P. (L.I.)	P. (L.I.)	P. (L.I.)
Foleshill	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.	See Bedworth.
Forden	...	P.	P.	Formed in 1870. In 1847 a few of the parishes were managed under 43 Eliz.—the remainder formed the Montgomery and Pool Incorporation.
Fordingbridge	P.	P.	P.
Forehoe	P. (L.I.)	P. (L.I.)	P. (L.I.)
Freebridge Lynn	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Frome	P.	P.	P.
Fulham	Nil. (U.)	R. (U.)	R. (S.P.)	Union dissolved in 1899 and the separate parishes of Fulham and Hammersmith declared.
Fylde	Nil.	R.	R.
Gainsborough	P.	P.	P.
Garstang	Nil.	R.	R.
Gateshead	T.	R.	R.
George, St., in the East	Nil. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)
George, St., Hanover Square	Nil. (L.P.)	...	...	Included in St. George's Union in 1870.
George, St. (Union)	...	Nil.	R.	Formed in 1870 of parishes formerly under Local Acts (St. Margaret, Westminster, and St. George, Hanover Square).
George, St., the Martyr	Nil. (S.P.)	...	...	Added to St. Saviour's Union (now called Southwark Union) in 1869.
Germans, St.	P.	P.	P.
Giles, St., Camberwell. See Camberwell.
Giles, St., in the Fields, and St. George, Bloomsbury (United Parishes)	Nil. (L.P.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	Board of guardians declared in 1868.
Glanford Brigg	P.	P.	P.
Glendale	P.	P.	P.
Glossop	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Gloucester	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Godstone	P.	P.	P.
Goole	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Gower	...	P.	P.T.	Formed in 1857. Formerly part of Swansea Union.
Grantham	P.	P.	P.	See Belvoir and Grantham Out-relief Unions.
Gravesend and Milton	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Great Boughton.See Tarvin.
Great Preston. See Preston, Great.
Great Yarmouth. See Yarmouth.
Greenwich	Nil.	R.	R.	See Woolwich.
Grimsby	...	...	P.T.	Formed in 1890. Formerly part of Caistor Union.
Guildford	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.	See Ash.
Guiltcross.	P.	P.T.	...	Dissolved in 1902. Parishes added to Depwade, Thetford, and Wayland Unions.
Guisborough	P.	P.	P.T.	See Middlesbrough.
Hackney	Nil.	R.	R.
Hailsham	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.	See West Firle.
Halifax	T.	R.	R.
Halstead	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Haltwhistle	P.	P.	P.
Hambledon	P.T	P.T.	P.T.
Hammersmith	...	...	R. (S.P.)	Declared a separate parish in 1899. Formerly part of Fulham Union.
Hampstead	...	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	Declared a separate parish in 1848. Formerly part of Edmonton Union.
Hardingstone	P.	P.	P.
Hartismere	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Hartlepool	...	P.	P.T.	Formed in 1859. Formerly part of Stockton Union.
Hartley Wintney	P.	P.	P.	See Ash and Farnborough.
Haslingden	Nil.	R.	R.
Hastings	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Hatfield	P.	P.	P.
Havant	P.	P.	P.
Haverfordwest	P.	P.	P.
Hawarden	...	P.	P.	Formed in 1853 of parishes, formerly part of Great Boughton (now called Tarvin) Union. In 1871 largely reconstructed, many parishes being added to Chester Union, and others added from Wrexham Union.
Hayfield	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Headington	P.	P.	P.
Headley	C.(G.I.)			Dissolved in 1869. Parishes added to Alton and Petersfield Unions.
Helmsley	Nil.	P.	P.	Named "Helmsley Blackmoor Union" till 1887. See Kirkby Moorside.
Helston	T.	P.T.	P.T.
Hemel Hempstead	P.	P.	P.T.
Hemsworth		R.	R.	Formed in 1850. In 1847 nearly all the parishes were managed under 43 Eliz.
Hendon	C.	R.	R.	See Willesden.
Henley	P.	P.	P.
Henstead	P.	P.	P.
Hereford	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Hertford	P.	P.	P.
Hexham	P.	P.	P.T.
Highworth and Swindon. See Swindon and Highworth.
Hinckley	P.	P.T.	P.T.	See Bedworth.
Hitchin	P.	P.	P.T.
Holbeach	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Holbeck	(Township under 43 Eliz. c. 2.)	R.(U.)	R.(U.)	Union formed in 1869. In 1847 the Township of Holbeck was managed under 43 Eliz., the other Townships being included in the Carlton Incorporation.
Holborn	Nil.	R.	R.	See James, St., Clerkenwell, and Luke, St., Middlesex.
Hollingbourne	P.	P.	P.
Holsworthy	C.	P.T.	P.
Holyhead		R.	P.	Formed in 1852. Formerly part of Anglesey Union.
Holywell	P.	P.	P.
Honiton	P.	P.	P.
Hoo	P.	P.	P.
Horncastle	P.	P.	P.
Horsham	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Houghton-le-Spring	P.	P.	P.T.
Howden	P.	P.	P.
Hoxne	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Huddersfield	Nil.	R.	R.
Hungerford and Ramsbury	P.	P.	P.	Named "Hungerford Union" till 1896.
Hunslet	(Township under 43 Eliz. c. 2.)	R.(U.)	R.(U.)	In 1847 the Township of Hunslet was managed under 43 Eliz. Some other parishes in the union, which was formed in 1869, were formerly in Carlton and Great Preston Incorporations.
Huntingdon	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Hursley	P.	P.	P.
Ipswich	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Islington	Nil. (L.P.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	Board of guardians declared in 1867.
Ives, St.	P.	P.T.	P.T.
James, St., Clerkenwell	Nil. (L.P.)	...	...	Added to Holborn Union in 1869.
James, St., Westminster	Nil. (L.P.)	...	...	Included in Westminster Union in 1868.
John, St., Hampstead See Hampstead
Keighley	T.	R.	R.
Kendal	C.	R.	R.
Kensington	Nil. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)
Kettering	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Keynsham	P.	P.	P.	See Keynsham and Warmley Out-Relief Unions.
Kidderminster	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Kingsbridge	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Kingsclere	P.	P.	P.
Kings Lynn	C.	B.	P.
Kings Norton	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Kingston-upon-Hull	Nil. (L.I.)	R. (L.I.)	R. (L.P.)	Incorporation consisted in 1847 and 1871 of two united parishes. In 1906 there was only one parish, but it was styled an incorporation.
Kingston-on-Thames	C.	P.T.	P.T.
Kington	P.	P.	P.	See Presteigne.
Kirkby Moorside	...	P.	P.	Formed in 1848. Formerly part of Helmsley Blackmoor (Helmsley) Union.
Knaresborough	...	P.	P.	Formed in 1854. In 1847 nearly all the parishes were managed under 43 Eliz.
Knighton	P.	P.	P.	See Presteigne.
Lambeth	Nil. (S.P.)	R. (S.P).	R. (S.P.)	Named "St. Mary, Lambeth" till 1901.
Lampeter	T.	R.	R.
Lancaster	Nil.	R.	R.	See Caton.
Lanchester	P.	P.	P.T.
Langport	P.	P.	P.
Launceston	P.	P.	P.
Ledbury	P.	P.	P.
Leeds	Nil. (S.P.)	R. (U.)	R. (U.)	The Leeds Union was formed in 1869 and included the Township of Leeds, and also parishes from Barwick in Elmet, Carlton, and Great Preston Incorporations.
Leek	P.	P.T.	P.T.	See Alstonfield.
Leicester	T. (U.)	R. (U.)	R. (S.P.)	Parishes in union united to form one parish in 1896.
Leigh	Nil.	R.	R.
Leighton Buzzard	P.	P.T.	P.T.	See Woburn.
Leonard, St., Shoreditch	Nil. (L.P.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	Board of guardians constituted in [1858 and] 1868.
Lewes	P.	P.	P.	See Chailey and West Firle.
Lewisham.	C.	R.	R.	See Woolwich.
Lexden and Winstree	P.	P.	P.	See Witham.
Leyburn	P.	P.	P.
Lichfield	P.	P.	P.
Lincoln	P.	P.	P.T.
Linton	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Liskeard	P.	P.	P.
Liverpool	Nil. (L.P.)	R. (L.P.)	R. (L.P.)
Llandilo Fawr	P.	P.	P.
Llandovery	P.	P.	P.
Llanelly	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Llanfyllin	P.	P.	P.
Llanrwst	T.	P.T.	P.T.
Loddon and Clavering	P.	P.	P.
London, City of	Nil.	R.	R.	See London, East, and London, West.
London, East	Nil.			Dissolved in 1869—parishes added to City of London Union.
London, West	Nil.			Dissolved in 1869—parishes added to City of London Union.
Long Ashton	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.	Named "Bedminster Union" till 1899.
Longtown	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Loughborough	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Louth	P.	P.	P.
Ludlow	P.	P.	P.
Luke, St., Chelsea. See Chelsea.
Luke, St., Middlesex	Nil. L.P.)			Added to Holborn Union in 1869.
Lunesdale	R.	R.		Formed in 1869. In 1847 about half of the parishes were managed under 43 Eliz.; most of the remainder were in Caton Incorporation.
Luton	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Lutterworth	P.	P.	P.	See Bedworth.
Lymington	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Macclesfield	C.	P.T.	P.T.
Machynlleth	T.	P.	P.
Madeley	P.	P.	P.T.
Maidenhead	P.	P.	P.T.	Named "Cookham Union" till 1896.
Maidstone	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Maldon	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.	See Witham.
Malling	P.	P.	P.
Malmesbury	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Malton	P.	P.	P.	See Malton and Norton Out-Relief Unions.
Manchester	Nil. (U.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	The Manchester Union was dissolved in 1850; the Township of Manchester was declared a separate township; the other parishes in the union were included in the Prestwich Union.
Mansfield	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Margaret, St., and St. John, Westminster.	Nil. (L.P.)	...	...	Included in St. George's Union in 1870.
Market Bosworth	P.	P.	P.	See Bedworth.
Market Drayton. See Drayton.
Market Harborough	P.	P.	P.
Marlborough	P.	P.	P.
Martin, St., in the Fields.	Nil. (S.P.)	...	...	Added to Strand Union in 1868.
Martley	P.	P.	P.
Mary, St., and St. Andrew, Whittlesey. See Whittlesey.
Mary, St., Islington. See Islington.
Mary, St., Lambeth. See Lambeth.
Mary, St., Newington	Nil. (L.P.)	...	...	Added to St. Saviour's Union (now Southwark Union) in 1869.
Mary, St., Rotherhithe	Nil. (L.P.)	...	...	Added to St. Olave's Union (now Bermondsey Parish) in 1869.
Marylebone, St.	Nil. (L.P.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	Board of guardians declared in 1867.
Mary Magdalen, St., Bermondsey. See Bermondsey, St. Mary Magdalen.
Medway	P.	P.	P.
Melksham. See Trowbridge and Melksham.
Melton Mowbray	P.	P.	P.
Mere	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Meriden	P.	P.	P.
Merthyr Tydfil	T.	P.T.	P.T.	See Pontypridd.
Middlesbrough	...	...	R.	Formed in 1875. Formerly parts of Guisborough, Stockton, and Stokesley Unions.
Midhurst	P.	P.	P.	See Sutton.
Mildenhall	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Mile End Old Town	...	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P)	Declared separate in 1857.
				Formerly part of Stepney Union.
Milton	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Mitford and Launditch	P.	P.	P.
Monmouth	P.	P.	P.T.
Montgomery and Pool	Nil. (L.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1870. Parishes included in Forden Union.
Morpeth.	P.	P.	P.
Mutford and Lothingland.	Nil. (L.I.)	R. (L.I.)	R.(U.)	Incorporation dissolved and union formed in 1893. See Yarmouth, Great.
Nantwich.	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.	See also Whitchurch (Salop).
Narberth.	P.	P.	P.
Neath.	P.	P.	P.T.	See Pontardawe.
Neot's, St.	P.	P.	P.
Newark.	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Newbury.	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Newcastle-in-Emlyn.	P.	P.	P.
Newcastle-under-Lyme.	P.	P.	P.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.	T.	R.	R.
Newent.	P.	P.	P.
New Forest.	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Newington, St. Mary. See St. Mary, Newington.
New Winchester. See Winchester.
Newhaven.	P.	P.	P.
Newmarket.	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Newport (Monmouth)	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Newport (Salop).	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Newport Pagnell.	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Newton Abbot.	P.	P.	P.
Newtown and Llanidloes.	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Northallerton.	T.	P.	P.
Northampton.	P.	P.T.	P.T.
North Aylesford. See Strood.
North Bierley.	...	R.	R.	Formed in 1848. In 1847 formed part of Bradford (Yorks) Union. See Bradford for changes in 1987.
Northleach.	P.	P.	P.
Northwich.	P.	P.T.	P.T.
North Witchford.	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Norwich.	Nil. (L.I.)	R. (L.I.)	R. (L.P.)	In 1890 the parishes in the incorporation were united to form one parish.
Nottingham.	Special (U.)	R.(U.)	R. (S.P.)	The parishes in the union were united to form one parish
Nuneaton.	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.	in 1899. See also Radford.
Oakham.	P.	P.	P.
Okehampton.	P.	P.	P.
Olave, St. See Bermondsey.
Oldham.	Nil.	R.	R.
Ongar.	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Ormskirk	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Orsett.	P.	P.	P.T.
Oswestry.	Nil. (L.I.)	P. (L.I.)	P.T. (L.I.)
Oundle.	P.	P.	P.
Ouseburn, Great	Nil. (G.I.)	P. (U.)	P. (U.)	Union formed in 1854. Some of the parishes included in the union were in 1847 see Barwick in Elmet
Oxford	Nil. (L.I.)	P.T. (L.I.)	P.T. (L.I.)
Paddington	Nil. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)
Pancras, St.	Special (L.P.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (S.P.)	Board of guardians declared in 1867.
Pateley Bridge	Nil.	R.	R.
Patrington	P.	P.	P.
Pembroke	P.	P.	P.
Penistone	...	R.	R.	Formed in 1849. In 1847 certain of the parishes were managed under 43 Eliz., other parishes formed part of Wortley Union.
Penkridge. See Cannock.
Penrith.	P.	P.	P.
Penzance.	P.	P.	P.
Pershore.	P.	P.	P.
Peterborough	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Petersfield	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.	See Headley.
Petworth	P.	P.	P.	See Sutton.
Pewsey	P.	P.	P.
Pickering	P.	P.	P.T.
Plomesgate	P.	P.	P.
Plymouth	Nil. (L.I.)	R. (L.I.)	R. (L.P.)	The parishes in the incorporation were united in 1898 to form one parish.
Plympton, St. Mary	P.	P.	P.
Pocklington	T.	P.	P.
Pontardawe	...	...	R.	Formed in 1875. Formerly part of Neath and Swansea Unions.
Pontefract	...	Nil.	P.T.	Formed in 1862. In 1847 about four-fifths of the parishes were managed under 43 Eliz., others formed part of Barwick in Elmet and Great Preston Incorporations.
Pontypool	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Pontypridd	...	P.T.	P.T.	Formed in 1862. Formerly part of Cardiff and Merthyr Tydfil Unions.
Poole	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Poplar	Nil.	R.	R.	[The name of this Poor Law Union is now (1907) "Parish of Poplar Borough.">[
Portsea Island.
See Portsmouth.
Portsmouth	P. (U.)	P.T. (U.)	?P.?T. (S.P.)	Named "Portsea Island Union" till 1900, when the parishes in the union were united to form one parish.
Potterspury	P.	P.	P.
Presteigne	T.	R.	...	Dissolved in 1877. Parishes added to Kington and Knighton Unions.
Preston	Nil.	R.	R.
Preston, East. See East Preston.
Preston, Great	Nil. (G.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1869. All but four of the parishes were added to Pontefract and Tadcaster Unions, one each of the remainder were added to Hunslet, Leeds, Selby, and Wakefield Unions.
Prestwich	...	R.	R.	Formed in 1850. Nearly all the parishes were formerly part of Manchester Union.
Pwllheli	P.	P.	P.
Radford	Nil.	R.	...	Dissolved in 1880. Parishes added to Nottingham Union (now Parish).
Reading	P. (U.)	P. (U.)	?P.?T.(S.P.)	Parishes united to form one parish in 1905.
Redruth	P.	P.	P.T.
Reeth	P.	P.	P.
Reigate	P.	P.	P.
Rhayader	T.	R.	P.
Richmond (Surrey)	C.	R.	R.
Richmond (Yorks)	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Ringwood	P.	P.	P.
Ripon	...	P.	P.	Formed in 1852. In 1847 nearly all the parishes were managed under 43 Eliz.
Risbridge	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Rochdale	Nil.	R.	R.
Rochford	P.	P.	P.
Romford	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Romney Marsh	P.	P.	P.
Romsey	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Ross	P.	P.	P.
Rothbury	P.	P.	P.
Rotherham	C.	R.	R.
Rotherhithe. See Mary, St., Rotherhithe.
Royston	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Rugby	P.	P.	P.T.	See Bedworth.
Runcorn	T.	P.	P.
Ruthin	P.	P.	P.
Rye	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Saddleworth	Nil. (G.I.)	R. (S.P.)	R. (U.)	Named "Saddleworth with Quick Incorporation" till 1853. In 1853 board of guardians declared. In 1894 a union was formed.
Saddleworth with Quick. See Saddleworth.
Saffron Walden	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Salford	Nil.	R.	R.
Salisbury (Incorporation).	Nil. (L.I.)	...	...	The incorporation was in 1869 added to Alderbury (now named Salisbury) Union.
Salisbury (Union)	P.	P.T.	P.T.	Named "Alderbury Union" till 1895. See Salisbury Incorporation.
Samford	P. (L.I.)	P. (U.)	P. (U.)	Incorporation dissolved and union formed in 1849.
Saviour's, St. See Southwark.
Scarborough	P.	P.	P.
Sculcoates	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Sedbergh	Nil.	P.	P.
Sedgefield	P.	P.	P.
Seisdon	P.	P.	P.
Selby	P.	P.	P.	See Preston, Great.
Settle	T.	R.	R.
Sevenoaks	P.	P.	P.
Shaftesbury	P.	P.	P.
Shardlow	P.	P.	P.
Sheffield	C.	R.	R.
Sheppey	P.	P.	P.
Shepton Mallet	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Sherborne	P.	P.	P.
Shiffnal	P.	P.	P.
Shipston-on-Stour	P.	P.	P.
Shoreditch. See Leonard, St.,
Shoreditch
Shrewsbury	Nil. (L.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1871. Parishes added to Atcham Union.
Skipton	T.	R.	R.
Skirlaugh	P.	P.	P.
Sleaford	P.	P.	P.
Smallburgh	...	P.	P.	Formed in 1869. One parish was formerly in Erpingham Union, the other parishes formed the Tunstead and Happing Incorporation.
Solihull	P.	P.	P.
Southam	P.	P.	P.T.
Southampton	Nil. (L.I.)	R. (L.I.)	R. (L.I.)
South Molton	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
South Shields	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
South Stoneham	P.	P.	P.
Southwark	Nil.	R.	R.	Named St. Saviour's Union till 1901. See St. Mary, Newington.
Southwell	P.	P.	P.
Spalding	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Spilsby	P.	P.	P.
Stafford	P.	P.	P.T.
Staines	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Stamford	P.	P.	P.
Stepney	Nil.	R.	R.	See Mile End Old Town.
Steyning	P.	P.	P.
Stockbridge	P.	P.	P.
Stockport	Nil.	R.	R.
Stockton	T.	P.T.	P.T.	See Hartlepool and Middlesbrough.
Stoke Damerel. See Devonport.
Stokesley	C.	P.	P.	See Middlesbrough.
Stoke-upon-Trent	P.T. (S.P.)	P.T. (S.P.)	P.? T. (U.)	Union formed in 1894.
Stone	P.	P.	P.
Stourbridge	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Stow	P.	P.	P.
Stow-on-the-Wold	P.	P.	P.
Strand	Nil.	R.	R.	See Martin, St., in the Fields and Westminster.
Stratford-on-Avon	P.	P.	P.
Stratton	C.	P.T.	P.
Strood	P.	P.T.	P.T.	Named "North Aylesford Union" till 1884.
Stroud	P.	P.	P.
Sturminster	P.	P.	P.
Sudbury	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Sunderland	T.	R.	R.
Sutton	C.(G.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1869. Most of the parishes were added to Petworth Union, the remainder were added to East Preston, Midhurst, Thakeham and Westhampnett Unions.
Swaffham	P.	P.	P.
Swansea	P.	P.	P.T.	See Gower and Pontardawe.
Swindon and Highworth	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.	Named "Highworth and Swindon" till 1899.
Tadcaster	...	Nil.	P.	Formed in 1862. In 1847 several of the parishes were managed under 43 Eliz. Others were in Barwick-in-Elmet and Great Preston Incorporations.
Tamworth	P.	P.	P.
Tarvin	T.	P.	P.	Named "Great Boughton Union" till 1871. See also Chester, Hawarden, and Whitchurch (Salop).
Taunton	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Tavistock	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Teesdale	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Tenbury	P.	P.	P.
Tendring	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Tenterden	P.	P.	P.
Tetbury	P.	P.	P.T.
Tewkesbury	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Thakeham	P.	P.	P.	See Sutton.
Thame	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Thanet, Isle of	P.	P.	P.
Thetford	P.	P.T.	P.T.	See Guiltcross.
Thingoe	P.	P.	P.
Thirsk	P.	P.	P.
Thomas, St.	P.	P.	P.
Thornbury	P.	P.T.	P.T.	See Barton Regis.
Thorne	P.	P.	P.
Thrapston	P.	P.	P.T.
Ticehurst	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Tisbury	P.	P.	P.
Tiverton	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Todmorden	Nil.	R.	R.
Tonbridge	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Torrington	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Totnes	P.	P.	P.
Towcester	P.	P.	P.
Toxteth Park	...	R.	R.	Declared a separate Township in 1857. Formerly part of West Derby Union.
Tregaron	T.	R.	R.
Trowbridge and Melksham.	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.	Named Melksham Union till 1898.
Truro	C.	P.	P.
Tunstead and Happing	P. (L.I.)	...	...	Dissolved in 1869. Parishes included in Smallburgh Union.
Tynemouth	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Uckfield	P.	P.	P.
Ulverston	C.	R.	R.	See Barrow-in-Furness.
Uppingham	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Upton-on-Severn	P.	P.	P.
Uttoxeter	P.	P.	P.
Uxbridge	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Wakefield	Nil.	R.	R.	See Preston, Great.
Wallingford	P.	P.	P.
Walsall	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Walsingham	P.	P.T.	P.T.	See Brinton.
Wandsworth	Nil.	R.	R.	Named "Wandsworth and Clapham Union" till 1904.
Wangford	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Wantage	P.	P.	P.
Ware	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Wareham and Purbeck	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Warminster	P.	P.	P.
Warrington	T.	R.	R.
Warwick	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Watford	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Wayland	P.	P.	P.	See Guiltcross.
Weardale	P.	P.	P.
Wellingborough	P.	P.	P.
Wellington (Salop)	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Wellington (Som.)	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Wells	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Welwyn	P.	P.	P.
Wem	P.	P.T.	P.T.	See also Whitchurch (Salop).
Weobley	P.	P.	P.
Westbourne	P.	P.	P.
West Bromwich	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Westbury-on-Severn	P.	P.	P.
Westbury and	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Whorwellsdown
West Derby	Nil.	R.	R.	See Toxteth Park.
West Firle	P.	P.	...	Dissolved in 1898. Parishes added to Eastbourne, Hailsham, and Lewes Union.
West Ham	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Westhampnett	P.	P.	P.	See Sutton.
Westminster	...	R.	R.	Union formed in 1868. Part was formerly under Local Act (James, St., Westminster), remainder was formerly in Strand Union.
West Ward	P.	P.	P.
Wetherby	...	R.	R.	Formed in 1861. In 1847 about half the Parishes were managed under 43 Eliz.—See also Barwick-in-Elmet and Carlton.
Weymouth	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Wharfedale	...	R.	R.	Formed in 1861. In 1847 about half the Parishes were managed under 43 Eliz.—See also Carlton.
Wheatenhurst	P.	P.	P.
Whitby	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Whitchurch (Hants)	P.	P.	P.
Whitchurch (Salop)	Nil. (L.P.)	Nil. (U.)	P. (U.)	Union formed in 1853—Comprising the Whitchurch Incorporation and Parishes formerly in Ellesmere, Great Boughton (Tarvin), Nantwich, Wem and Wrexham Unions.
Whitechapel	Nil.	R.	R.
Whitehaven	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Whittlesey	P. (S.P.)	P. (S.P.)	P. (U.)	Named "Whittlesey Parish" or "United Parishes of St. Mary and St. Andrew, Whittlesey," till 1894. Union formed in 1894.
Wigan	Nil.	R.	R.
Wight, Isle of	Nil. (L.I.)	? R. (U.)	P. (U.)	Incorporation dissolved and Union formed in 1865.
Wigton	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Willesden	...	...	R. (S.P.)	Separate Parish declared in 1896. Formerly part of Hendon Union.
Williton	P.	P.	P.
Wilton	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Wimborne and Cranborne	P.	P.	P.
Wincanton	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Winchcomb	P.	P.	P.
Winchester	P.	P.	P.	Named New Winchester Union till 1901.
Windsor	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Winslow	P.	P.	P.
Wirrall	P.	P.T.	P.T.	See Birkenhead.
Wisbeach	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Witham	P.	P.	...	Dissolved in 1880. Parishes added by Braintree, Lexden and Winstree and Maldon Unions.
Witney	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Woburn	P.	P.T.	...	Dissolved in 1899. Parishes added to Ampthill and Leighton Buzzard Unions.
Wokingham	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Wolstanton and Burslem	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Wolverhampton	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Woodbridge	P.T.	P.T.	P.T.
Woodstock	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Woolwich	...	R.	R.	Formed in 1868. Formerly part of Greenwich and Lewisham Unions.
Worcester	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Worksop	P.	P.	P.
Wortley	C.	R.	R.	See Penistone.
Wrexham	P.	P.	P.	See Hawarden and Whitchurch (Salop).
Wycombe	P.	P.T.	P.T.
Yarmouth, Great	P.T. (S.P.)	P.T. (S.P.)	P.?T. (U.)	"Parish" till 1891. Union formed in 1891, of the parish and of a parish which was formerly part of the Mutford and Lothingland Incorporation.
Yeovil	P.	P.	P.
York	C.	P.	P.	See Bishopthorpe, Escrick, Flaxton, and York Out-Relief Unions.
Out-relief Unions
Belvoir	...	...	P.	Formed in 1894 [Part of Grantham Union].
Bishopthorpe	...	...	P.T.	Formed in 1894 [Part of York Union].
Escrick	...	...	P.T.	Formed in 1894 [Part of York Union].
Flaxton	...	...	P.T.	Formed in 1894 [Part of York Union].
Grantham	...	...	P.	Formed in 1894 [Part of Grantham Union].
Keynsham	...	...	P.	Formed in 1895 [Part of Keynsham Union].
Malton	...	...	P.	Formed in 1894 [Part of Malton Union].
Norton	...	...	P.	Formed in 1894 [Part of Malton Union].
Warmley	...	...	P.	Formed in 1895 [Part of Keynsham Union].
York	...	...	P.T.	Formed in 1894 [Part of York Union].

In the Unions and Incorporations marked "C" in the table, a regulation to the following effect was in force at the end of 1847:—

"If any able-bodied male pauper shall apply to be set to work by the parish, one-half at least of the relief which may be afforded to him or to his family shall be in kind."