[54] See the Measseph for 1784; ap. Jost, Geschichte der Israeliten, Vol. VIII, pp. 241-242; Da Costa, Israel und Die Voelker, l. c., pp. 321-322; Dr. Hahn in The American Jews' Annual (1886-1887) p. 36; Rev. E. M. Myers' The Centurial (New York, 1890), p. 105; P. A. J. H. S., No. 2, p. 99. More fully in our paper on Early Jewish Literature in America, l. c., p. 138-139.
[55] Cf. Koenen's Geschiedenis der Joden in Nederland, p. 283; Dr. M. Kayserling, Sephardim, Romanische Poesien der Juden in Spanien, (Leipzig, 1859), p. 265.
[56] The Dutch text of this valuable document is published in the Essai Historique sur la Colonie Surinam, Paramaribo 1788 [Amsterdam 1791], Vol. II, pp. 113-122 and in Koenen's work on the History of the Jews in Holland, l. c., pp. 460-466. The present writer intends to reprint the original text with an English translation in the P. A. J. H. S.; cf. his paper on Early Jewish Literature in America in the Publications No. 3 (1895), p. 104, 136, 137.
[57] Cf. Kayserling, Sephardim, etc., l. c., p. 266; his paper on the Earliest Rabbis and Jewish Writers in America, in P. A. J. H. S., No. 3, p. 18; Koenen, l. c., pp. 283-284.
[58] From this it would appear that the Jews in South America were corresponding and perhaps commercially connected with their brethren in Italy. We have elsewhere proven that the Marranos in Hispañiola were carrying on an extensive trade between various large sea-ports of Italy (see our forthcoming paper on The Jewish Martyrs of the Inquisition in South America, to appear in P. A. J. H. S., No. 4, 1895), and that the Jews of Brazil as early as 1636 wrote to Rabbi Chayim Sabbathai, of Salonica, in reference to disputes arising in their midst concerning Jewish customs and ritual. Cf. the notes in our study quoted above, P. A. J. H. S., No. 3, pp. 104-105, 137.
[59] Cf. Barrios' reference at the end of his Opuscula: "En Tisa beab (sic) sali de Liorne año de 1660 con 152 Almas de Israel en la nave llamada Monte del Cisne para ir apoblar a Cayana conquista de Holandeses en America." Koenen, l. c., p. 283, numbers only 112 passengers, which is evidently erroneous. Cf. also Kayserling, Sephardim, etc., p. 266, note 1; 355, n. 402; P. A. J. H. S., No. 3, p. 18.
[60] Cf. Kayserling, Sephardim, l. c., and P. A. J. H. S., 3, p. 18; see more fully in my paper on a Contribution to the History of the Jews in the Islands of St. Thomas, Jamaica and Barbadoes, to appear in P. A. J. H. S., No. 4.
[61] See Koenen's Geschiedenis, p. 284. The date 1654 there given is probably a misprint for 1664.
[62] Cf. Appendix II to my paper on Early Jewish Literature in America, P. A. J. H. S., No. 3, pp. 145-147, cf. also pp. 125-132 where some points in their history are given.
[63] Dr. E. Carmoly, in his essay on Don Joseph Nasi, Duc de Naxos (Brussels, 1855), traces the relationship of this eminent personage even to American shores, where the Nasis flourished. The word Nasi in Hebrew indicates chief, or prince. See also Fuerst's Orient, XII (1851-2), p. 335; Steinschneider's Hammaskir, II (1859), p. 33.