[199-1] John Bigelow, The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin, New York, 1887, vol. ii. pp. 376-387.
[200-1] As federation is used in these pages for combinations of self-governing groups, no allusion is here made to any plans for uniting dependencies for administrative purposes such as that contained in C. S. Salmon's The Caribbean Confederation, London, 1888, or in the established grouping of dependent areas now styled "Federated Malay States "—concerning which latter, see Frank Swettenham, British Malaya, London, 1907. Such bear no comparison with self-governing federations.
[200-2] W.H. Taft, Popular Government, New Haven, Connecticut, 1913, p. 145.
[201-1] G. R. Parkin, Imperial Federation, London, 1892, p. 33.
[201-2] As an example, cf. Alexander Hamilton: An Essay on American Union, by F. S. Oliver, London, 1906.
[201-3] Lord Milner, April 28, 1910, at Compatriots' Club, London, in Lord Milner, The Nation and the Empire, London, 1913, p.454.
[202-1] The Times, London, October 10, 1913. Cf. ante, p. 197.
[202-2] Letter of Rhodes to Parnell, June 19, 1888, quoted in W. T. Stead, The Last Will and Testament of Cecil John Rhodes, London, 1902, pp. 122-124. On p. 120, Stead states as to Rhodes' contribution to the Irish party: "The contract between the African and the Irishman was strictly limited to the conversion of Home Rule from a disruptive to a federative measure. It had no relation directly or indirectly to any of Mr Rhodes' Irish-African schemes. The whole story is told at length by 'Vindex' in an appendix to The Political Life and Speeches of Mr. Cecil Rhodes, from which I quote these letters."
[203-1] W. T. Stead, The Last Will and Testament of Cecil John Rhodes, London, 1902, p. 102, pp. 51-77 and other pages.
[204-1] P. A. Silburn, The Governance of Empire, London, 1910, p. 191: "Half a century before the union of England and Scotland was brought about, a union of British colonies had been successfully achieved. It was in May 1643 that a convention of colonial representatives confederated the British colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven as the 'United Colonies of New England.' The negotiations leading up to this confederation had taken six years, but when once the union was effected its advantages were felt immediately. At this time England, engaged elsewhere, had neither the time nor the inclination to interfere with her American colonies. The newly-formed confederation enjoyed almost complete liberty. A year after the union we find this confederation negotiating treaties with the French and projecting defences against the Dutch. But this, the first union of colonies in the Empire, was not a legislative one, it was simply an agreement of 'offence and defence, advice and assistance.'"