"Islam"[27] as a religion means nothing more nor less than those three duties.
Islam is not Philosophy, much less is it Science. It is but a Religion, an attitude of man's mind towards his environment—the attitude of self towards others and God. Both Philosophy and Science influence one's attitude of mind. To that extent Islam has to reckon with both. It is therefore that Sufis and other philosophic sects have risen in Islam from time to time. The sphere of Islam is Faith manifesting itself in good works; and the spheres of Science and Philosophy are Knowledge and Reason. The latter often come into contact with the former, but can never be identified with it.
Note 5.
What is not Islam.
N my previous Note I tried to sketch briefly what is true Islam. I now offer a few observations on, or illustrations of, what is not Islam. In order to know anything quite well, it is desirable not only to know what it is but also to know what it is not.
1. The religion taught by the Qur'an and the Traditions احاديث of our Prophet is Islam and not "Muhammadanism," as it is often named. Those who profess Islam are Muslims and not "Muhammadans," as they are called. The word "Musalman" is but a corruption of the Arabic plural مسلمون مسلمين of the singular مسلم. We and our religion have been called[28] after the name of Muhammad just as the terms Christians and Christianity have been derived from the name Christ. But "Muhammadanism" and "Muhammadans" are not at all the correct names of "Islam" and "Muslims" as you will presently see.[29]