[60] The Development of Religion in Japan, G. W. Knox, 1907.
[61] 'Atheism did never disturb States' (Bacon).
INDEX
Acton, Lord:
On causes of Franco-German War, [346].
Quoted, [362] (footnote), [386], [396], [398].
Advice to writers of history, [384], [394].
Also [370], [374], [375], [387].
Addison's Blenheim criticised in Esmond, [101].
Adventure, see Novels of.
Adventures of Moreau de Jonnés, [16].
Popularity of, in short stories, [31].
Afghan:
Blood feuds, border forays, etc., [163], [164].
War, [163], [318].
Songs, [168].
Frontier and frontier policy, [319], [324].
Character, [320].
Afghanistan:
Barrier to Russian advance in Asia, [316].
British policy towards, compared with Russian policy in Caucasus, [317].
Is acquiring a territorial connotation, [416].
Eastern bulwark of Islam, [417], [449].
Akhlongo, siege of, [305].
Althorp, Lord, [64].
Armenians, their position and misfortunes, [414].
Arnold, Matthew:
Lord Morley's article on his letters, [50].
His letters reviewed, [57].
Quoted, [58], [59], [60], [61], [177], [257].
Praised and criticised by Swinburne, [282], [287].
Also [126], [183], [207], [266], [281].
Asia and foreign dynasties, [417].
Asoka, [436].
Austen, Jane, as novelist of manners, [21], [24].
Austria-Hungary, intermixture of races and religions in, [403].
Balfour, Arthur James, Foundations of Belief, [250].
Balkans, policy of the Turks in the, [407].
Balzac, [94].
Bariatinsky, [314].
Beauchamp and the Utilitarian rejection of theology, [255].
Behn, Mrs. Aphra, [2].
Benedetti, [332], etc.
Bentham, see 'Utilitarians.'
Beowulf, [168].
Bismarck, see 'L'Empire Libéral,' passim.
Blavatsky, Madame, [134].
Blood feuds in Afghanistan, [321].
On the Scotch borders, [323].
Bonaparte, [92], [187].
Bossuet, [451].
Braddock, General, [104].
Braddon, Miss, [26].
Bret Harte, [32].
Bright, John: 'Force no remedy,' [260].
Broad Church, [62], [257].
Brontë, Charlotte, [25].
Broughton, Miss, [26].
Brown: definition of 'Intuition,' [238].
Browning, Robert, [69], [266], [267].
Swinburne's homage to, [282].
Buckle, [253], [261].
Buddhism, [400], [423], and see 'The State in Relation to Religion.'
Bulwer-Lytton, Sir E., [99], [116].
Burial of Sir John Moore, [173].
Burke's letters, [37].
Burney, Miss, [21].
Butler's Analogy, [236].
Byron, Works of Lord, [177-209].
Additions to his published letters, [178].
Their bearing on his reputation, [179].
Causes affecting his popularity, [183].
Comparison with Chateaubriand, [186], [194].
His success in oriental romance, [187];
and in heroic verse, [190].
Defects, tendency to declamation, etc., [191].
Carelessness, contrast between his theory and practice, [193].
Comparison with Scott, The Giaour, [195].
Metre of his romantic poems, [197].
His dramas, failure in blank verse, [198].
His lyrical power, examples, [200].
Beppo and Don Juan, [203].
Founder of modern realism in poetry, [204].
Vision of Judgment, [206].
Conclusions: value of his influence, [207].
Byron, Lord, as realist, [6].
Also 13 and [97], and see under 'Letter-writing.'
Campbell, Thomas:
Carlyle's description, [64].
As heroic poet, [173].
Carlyle, Thomas, see 'Letter-writing.'
Denounces Utilitarianism, [256].
Swinburne's tribute, [283].
His descriptive method, [383].
See also [9], [58], [116], [215].
Castlereagh, Lord, [180], [183].
Caucasus, see 'Frontiers,' [291], etc.
Cavagnari, in Afghan ballads, [163].
Cervantes, [108].
Chanson de Roland, [161].
Charles Edward, Prince, authentic incident in Esmond, [104].
Chateaubriand, [97], [115], [185-187], [194].
Chaucer, [1].
Chevy Chase, [170].
Chillianwalla in fiction, [128].
China, religious systems, [423].
Religious polity, [438].
Christian missions in India, [326].
Christianity and Islam, as militant religions, [400], [408], [421].
Compared with Buddhism, etc., [427].
Form alliances with the State, [434], [441].
Church and State:
Lord Acton on, [398].
Separation a modern idea, [421].
Importance to the Church of recognition, [445].
Diminishing closeness of the connection, [450].
Gladstone and Macaulay on, [452].
Clough, [266].
Coleridge, S. T., see 'Letter-writing.'
Connection of speculative ideas and political movements, [211], [229], [237], [372].
Quoted, [33], [181], [393].
Also mentioned, [37], [185], [265], [287].
Colvin, Sidney, quoted, [40], [71].
Comte and J. S. Mill, [255].
Cooper, Fenimore, [32].
Cowper, as letter-writer, [37], [66].
Quoted, [62].
Crabbe, [193].
Quoted, [69].
Crimean War, [311], [313].
Cujus regio ejus religio, [436].
Dante, [39].
Dargo, in the Caucasus, attack on, [307-308].
Darmesteter, Afghan ballads, [163], [168].
Davidson on rhyme in poetry, [279], [280].
Defoe, [3], [99].
De la Gorce:
On Napoleon III., [330].
On the French ministry, [339], [347].
De Musset, Alfred, [111].
De Staël, Madame, [180].
De Tocqueville, [331], [402].
De Vogüé, [252].
Dickens, Charles, [23], [30], [68], [98].
Direct narration in fiction, [18].
Disraeli, Benjamin, as novelist, [18].
Drama, rival of the novel, [2].
Du Barail, General:
On Napoleon III., [330].
On Ollivier, [331].
Due de Gramont, [331], etc.
Duvernois' interpellation in French Chamber, [342], [347].
Edgeworth, Miss, [21].
Eliot, George:
Romola, [23].
Adam Bede, [25].
Empire, defined, [406].
Ems, Benedetti and King of Prussia at, [343-350], [356].
Encyclopédistes, ancestors of the Utilitarians, [252], [402].
European dominion in Asia, importance of, [403].
Farrar, Archdeacon, quoted, [12].
Ferozeshah, [130].
Ferrero on Julius Cæsar, [391].
Fiction and fact in the novel and in history, [10], [385].
Fiction, doubt as to its value as evidence of manners, [111].
See also [91] and [110].
Fielding, Henry, [3], [26], [95], [111].
Tom Jones, [19].
Influence on Thackeray, [99].
Fitzgerald, Edward, see 'Letter-writing,' [66-70].
Franco-German War, see 'L'Empire Libéral.'
French Revolution, [212], [218].
Frontiers, Ancient and Modern, [291-327].
Demarcation of frontiers a modern development, [291].
Interest of the subject to England, [293].
Mr. Baddeley's work on the Caucasus, [294].
Description of the Caucasus, [295].
The Russian advance, [296].
Yermoloff and his policy, [298].
Its failure for the time, and his recall, [301].
Rise of Muridism, [302].
Shamil succeeds Kazi Mullah, [303].
Capture of Akhlongo, [306].
Repulse of Vorontzoff at Dargo; [307].
and at Ghergebil, [310].
Shamil ransoms his son, [312].
Surrenders at Gooneeb (1857), [313].
Effect on Asiatic politics, [315].
Russian policy compared with British in Afghanistan, [316].
Dr. Pennell on the Afghans, [319].
Ghazis, blood feuds, [321].
Dr. Pennell on missions, [326].
Frontiers, not strictly demarcated in the East, [413].
Froude, J. A., quoted, [74].
His methods as a historian, [382].
Gambetta votes for war with Prussia, [359].
Garibaldi, [273].
Gaskell, Mrs., [26].
Gesta Romanorum, [2].
Gil Blas, [19], [204].
Gladstone, W. E., [229].
Godwin, William:
As recipient of good letters, [46].
His tragedy, Antonio, [46].
Carlyle's description, [64].
A peaceful anarchist, [234].
Goethe, [78], [182].
Gordon, Lindsay, [32].
Grand Cyrus, [96].
Gray, Thomas, [37], [50].
Greek Church, [433].
Comparison with Rome, [409].
Hemans, Mrs., [265].
Herodotus, [160], [379].
Heroic Poetry, [155-176].
Definition, [155].
Professor Ker's Epic and Romance, [156].
Early bards and chroniclers, [157].
Their work based on fact, [158], [164].
The hero and the heroic poet, [159].
Icelandic Sagas, and Afghan songs, [163].
Homer, [165].
Position of women in Homeric poetry, [166].
The heroic style in the Old Testament, [167].
Romantic poetry of England, Morte d Arthur and ballads, [169].
Sir Walter Scott, [171].
Limitations of heroic poetry, [172].
Its decline, unfavourable influences of both the romantic and the realistic spirit, [174].
Hindu, meaning of, [419].
Hinduism, not a missionary religion, [400].
Never established by the State, [447].
Historical romance brought to perfection in nineteenth century, [96].
History, Remarks on the Reading of, [377-398].
Almost all real history written in some European language, [377].
History, formerly an art, becoming a science, [379].
Macaulay, Froude, and Carlyle as historical artists, [382].
The scientific method, possible drawbacks, [384].
Limitation and subdivision necessary, [386].
Short abstracts, their use and abuse, [388].
Motives for studying history, [390].
Our knowledge imperfect, and our predictions fallible, [392].
Lord Acton's advice and principles, [394].
Hobbes, Thomas, [243], [273].
Followed by Bentham, [221].
Quoted, [319], [413], [441].
Hogarth, William, [99].
Hookham Frere, [204].
Hugo, Victor, [187], [300].
Swinburne's admiration, [265], [282], [287].
Hume, [215], [216].
Influence on Bentham, [222];
on Mill, [244], [254].
Quoted, [224].
Humphry Ward, Mrs., example of her descriptive method, [27].
Hutcheson, [217].
Iliad, [174].
Impressionist school in fiction, [33].
Inchbald, Mrs., quoted, [46].
India, Mill's history of, [225].
Importance of frontier questions, [293].
Indian Empire:
Resemblance to Roman, [420].
Comparison with Russian, [424].
See also 'Race and Religion,' and 'The State in Relation to Religion.'
Irish characters, Thackeray's partiality for, [109].
Islam:
Its militant policy, [400], [413].
Spread of, [432].
In India, [446].
Importance to Turkey of Sultan's position in, [449].
James, G. P. R., [32].
Jeffrey, Thomas, [186], [199].
Jehu's story, [382].
John Inglesant, [18], [106].
Johnson, Samuel, [120].
Jones, Paul, [113].
Jowett, Benjamin, quoted, [55], [57].
Kaffir, origin of the name, [415].
Keats, John, [185], [199].
See also 'Letter-writing.'
Kemble, Fanny, FitzGerald's letters to, [68].
Ker's Epic and Romance, [156], [164], [168].
Kidnapped, direct narration in, [18].
Kingsley, Charles, [8].
Quoted, [278].
Kipling, Rudyard, [32], [149], [174].
Klugenau, Russian General, [305].
Lamartine, [187].
Lamb, Charles, [47].
Quoted, [48], [56].
Lansdowne, Lord, [228].
Laotze, [438].
Le Bœuf, Marshal, [334], [347], [351], [358].
Lecky, W. E. H., on American Loyalists, [105].
Comparison with Walpole, [376].
L'Empire Libéral, [328-367].
Constitutional reforms and character of Napoleon III., [330].
Ollivier's difficult position as chief minister, [331].
Crown of Spain accepted by Leopold, [332].
Effect in France, warning to Prussia, [333-336].
Benedetti's interview at Ems, [337].
Leopold's compulsory renunciation, [338].
Incautious action of Ollivier, [339];
and of Gramont, [341].
Assurances demanded from Prussia, [344].
Ollivier meditates resignation, [345].
Benedetti at Ems, [348].
'Le Soufflet de Bismarck,' [350].
Declaration of war, [352].
Thiers' opposition, Ollivier's defence, [353], [354].
French enthusiasm, [358].
Reception of declaration by Bismarck; [360];
and by the Reichstag, [361].
Bismarck's real responsibility, [362].
Ollivier's acts and motives examined, [365].
Letter-writing (English) in the Nineteenth Century, [34-75].
Conditions of fine letter-writing, [34].
Affinities with the diary and the essay, [36].
Poets as good letter-writers, [37].
Value of letters for biographical and other purposes, [38].
Earlier writers—Keats, Scott, Southey, Byron, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Shelley, Lamb, [39-47].
Lord Morley's canon, [50].
Later writers and their difficulties, [52].
Dean Stanley's letters, [53].
Matthew Arnold's, [57].
Thomas Carlyle's, [63].
Edward Fitzgerald's, [66].
R. L. Stevenson's, [70].
Lever, Charles, [8], [92].
Liverpool, Lord, [66], [229], [230].
Lucretius, [271].
Macaulay, T. B., [61], [206].
On Byron, [184], [191].
His rejoinder to James Mill, [227].
Influence on Walpole, [371].
Ranke's criticism, [383].
Machiavelli:
On judging by results, [329].
On standing neutral in war, [331].
Mackintosh, as typical Whig, [228].
Maine, Sir H., on 'Sovereignty,' [412].
Malthus, T., [234], [236].
Manning, Cardinal, [53], [74].
Marbot, success of his Memoirs, [13],
[16].
Marcella, quoted, [27].
Marlborough, Thackeray's description of, [103].
Marryat, Captain, [8].
Master of Ballantrae, direct narration in, [18].
Maurice, [256].
Mayor's English Metres, [286].
Mazzini, [273].
Quoted, [184].
Memoirs and fiction, [13].
Memorials of Coleorton, [42].
Meredith, George, [264].
Mill, see 'Utilitarians.'
Milton, [200], [287].
Quoted, [183].
Mongolians have not produced spiritual teachers, [442].
Moore, Thomas, [42], [179], [193].
His sham Orientalism, [6], [123], [188].
His dealings with Byron's letters, [177].
Morte d'Arthur, [169].
Mullahs, [320].
Muridism, see 'Frontiers,' [320].
Murray, John, [178].
Quoted, [188].
Murray, Professor, and solar myths, [161].
Myths, historical value of, [11].
Napoleon:
His story adapted to myth-making, [14].
Transformer of democracy into Imperialism, [252], [402].
Napoléon Intime, [15].
Napoleon III; and see 'L'Empire Libéral.'
Nationalities, formation of, in Europe, [401].
Naturalism or realism defined, [25].
Newman, Cardinal, [257], [258].
Swinburne's tribute to, [283].
Novels of Adventure and Manners, [1-33].
Mr. Raleigh on origins of fiction, [1].
Metrical tales, heroic romance, the eighteenth-century school of novelists, [2], [3].
Novel of adventure derived from the fabulous romance, [4].
Scott's influence, [5].
Later tendencies, [6].
Approximation of the historian and novelist, [10].
The novelist rivalled by the writer of Memoirs, [13].
Adventures of de Jonnés reviewed, [16].
Causes limiting the sphere of the Novel of Adventure, [18].
Novel of Manners, its pedigree: Fielding, [19].
Influence of women writers: Miss Austen, etc., [21].
Growth of Realism, [25].
Description of nature, its uses, [26].
Danger of excessive Realism, [29].
Short stories: the Impressionist School, [32].
Novelist, The Anglo-Indian, [121-154].
Causes affecting output of good fiction in India, [121].
Tara, a successful historical novel, [123].
Pandurang Hari, valuable as picture of pre-English times, [125].
Oakfield, good battle pictures, absence of native characters noted, [126].
The Wetherbys, [131].
A True Reformer, and The Dilemma, [132].
Mr. Isaacs, [134].
Helen Treveryan, assigned a high place as a historical novel, [136].
On the Face of the Waters, Indian characters freely introduced, minute adherence to fact, [139].
Bijli the Dancer, a purely native story, [143].
Chronicles of Dustypore, a picture of Anglo-Indian life, [145].
The Bond of Blood, a dramatic presentation of incidents of Indian life, [146].
The Naulakha, [149].
Transgression, [151].
Conclusions: uniformity of Anglo-Indian society, [152].
Conditions favour the novel of action, [153].
Absence of the psychological vein, [154].
O'Connell, Daniel, described by Carlyle, [64].
Odyssey quoted, [167].
Old Testament and heroic narration, [167].
Oliphant, Mrs., [26].
Ollivier, see 'L'Empire Libéral.'
Olozaga, [337].
Ottoman Empire, its complexities of Race and Religion, [406].
Ouida, [25].
Paley, [222].
Parr, Dr., [199].
Patmore, Coventry, [268].
Pearson, Hugh, [55], [57].
Peel, Sir Robert, quoted, [232].
Peninsular War and heroic poetry, [173].
Peter the Great's Caspian expedition, [296].
Phingari, [196].
Polytheism, formerly universal, [428];
gives way to Christianity, [431].
Pope, [37].
Byron's praise, [193].
Porter, Jane, and historical romance, [23].
Rabelais, [321].
Race and Religion, [399-426].
Ancient groupings of peoples, [399].
Effect of (1) the Roman Empire, (2) Christianity and Islam, [400].
Consolidation of States in the West, [401].
Importance of 'Race' overlooked by Utilitarians, [402].
Gravity of the question in Austria, [403].
Its complexity in Turkey, [406].
Maintenance of racial and religious differences by Asiatic Empires, [407].
Close alliance of Greek Church with the State, [410].
Classification of the people by religion in Ottoman Empire, [411].
Importance of 'Race and Religion' in Asia, [412].
Religious distinctions predominant in Western Asia, [413].
Causes of the Armenian massacres, [414].
Racial distinctions predominant in Afghanistan, [417].
India, connotation of 'Hindu,' [418].
Complexities of race and creed, [420].
Policy of religious neutrality, [421].
Peculiarity of religious situation in China, [422].
Russian Empire, conclusions, [424].
Race distinctions, increasing influence of, [252].
Radcliffe, Mrs., the novelist, [5].
Raleigh, Sir Walter, on The English Novel, [1].
Ramsay, Sir William, on writing of history, [386].
Rawlinson on the effect of troubles in the Caucasus on Russian policy, [315].
Realism defined, [25].
Its dangers, [28], [30], [31], (cf. [12], [140]).
Reform Bill, [232].
Religions, The State in its Relation to Eastern and Western, [427-453].
Eastern religions, Buddhism and Hinduism; Western, Christianity and Islam, [427].
Growth of State domination under Roman Empire, [429].
Domination of the Church when Christianity established, [431].
Conflict with Islam, its effects, [432].
Close alliance of both faiths with the State, [434].
Absence of religious wars and of persecution in ancient India, [434].
The situation in China, [437];
and in Japan, [443].
India, political independence of Hinduism, [443].
Toleration by Mohammedan rulers, [446].
Hinduism never an established religion, [447].
British policy of neutrality, [447].
Some political disadvantages, [449].
Conclusions: difference in relations of Eastern and Western religions to the State, [451].
Renan, [379].
Ricardo, [234].
Richardson, the novelist, [3].
Ritchie, Lady Richmond, [76].
Quoted, [79].
Robert Elsmere, its popularity, [30].
Roberts, Lord, [136], [142], [163], [319].
Rodney, Admiral, [115].
Roman Catholic Church, its polity compared with the Greek, [410].
Inheritor of Imperial tradition, [432].
Roman Empire, its frontier policy, [292]; also [400], [420], [430], [441].
Roman Naturaliste, by Brunetière, [25].
Rousseau, J. J., [212].
Sagas, [163], [168].
Sainte-Beuve, [194].
Say, Léon, [16].
Scotch common sense philosophy, [215].
Scotsman, the, in fiction, [109].
Scott, Michael, [8].
Scott, Sir Walter:
Head of modern romantic school of fiction, [5].
Abandoned poetry for prose, [6].
Transferred dialogue from the drama to the novel, [108].
His historical insight, [115].
His descriptions of fighting, [103], [172], [190], [385].
Quoted, [200].
Shakespeare, [39], [108], [198], [287], [380], [385].
Quoted, [171], [275].
Shamil, see 'Frontiers,' [303], etc.
Shelley, [179], [185], [287].
His letters, [44].
Quoted, [207], [290].
Comparison with Swinburne, [264].
Swinburne's admiration, [288].
Shintoism, [443].
Shorthouse, J. H., [9].
Smollett, [111].
South African War, [176].
Southey, Robert, [41], [43], [62], [73], [206].
Carlyle's description, [64].
Type of Conservatism, [229].
Sovereignty, Territorial, a modern idea, [412].
Spenserian stanza, Byron's admiration for, [197].
Stanley, Dean, see 'Letter-writing.'
Stendhal, [87], [141].
Sterne, Laurence, [89].
Stevenson, R. L., see 'Letter-writing,' also [9], [116].
Surtees and the Sporting Novel, [26].
Swift, [89], [99].
Thackeray's description, [103].
Swinburne, A. C., [69].
On Byron, [183], [191], [207].
Swinburne, Characteristics of his Poetry, [263-290].
Swinburne's predecessors and contemporaries, [263].
Earlier poems, Atalanta in Calydon, Chastelard, [267].
Poems and Ballads, published and withdrawn, [268];
reissued with reply to critics, [272].
Songs and Ballads, war upon theology, [273].
Songs of the Four Seasons, [275].
A Midsummer Holiday, [276].
Love of the sea and of his country, [277].
His power of musical phrasing, [279].
His attitude to eminent contemporaries, [282].
His dramas, [285].
Concluding remarks: his high aspirations and his defects, [288].
Taeping rebellion, [423].
Taoism, [423], [438], [440].
Tchetchnia, in the Caucasus, [295], etc.
Tennyson, [38], [69], [174], [184], [194], [199], [266], [268], [286], [289], [374].
Quoted, [205], [209], [287], [288].
Absence of rhyme in 'Tears, idle tears,' [281].
Swinburne's tribute, [282].
Thackeray, W. M., [23], [26], [141].
Thackeray, William Makepeace, [76-120].
Lady Ritchie's biographical contributions, [76].
Brief sketch of his life, [78].
Early works, Yellowplush Papers, etc., [79].
His rare qualities first shown in Barry Lyndon, [83].
His defence of taking a rogue for hero, [86].
Vanity Fair, his irony and pathos, [89].
His merciless war on snobbery, [90].
His pictures from military life, [91].
Pendennis, a novel of manners, [93].
Tendency to moralise, [95], [106], [110].
Esmond, [96].
Thackeray as historical novelist contrasted with Scott, [97], [103].
The Virginians, [104].
The Newcomes, a return to the novel of society, [109].
Tendency to caricature, [111].
Denis Duval, [112].
Classification of his works as historical novels and novels of manners, [115].
His character, religion and influence, [117].
Thiers, opposed to war of 1870, [353], etc.
Thorburn's Bannu, [163].
Tolstoi, [8], [101], [154].
Tractarians, [257].
Walpole's account of, [372].
Trollope, Anthony, [24].
Turgot, [214].
Utilitarians, The English, [210-262].
Objects of Mr. Stephen's history, [210].
A system with a practical aim, [211].
Its influence on government, [213].
Philosophy of Reid and Stewart, [215].
Bentham's doctrines, [216].
Brief account of his life, [218].
Mr. Stephen's criticisms, [221].
Bentham's neglect of history, [223].
James Mill, [225].
Attitude to the Church, [226].
His 'Essay on Government,' Macaulay's attack, [227].
Position of Southey and Coleridge, [229].
English and Greek theories of the State, [231].
Criticism of Malthus and Ricardo, [234];
and of James Mill, [238].
John Stuart Mill, his life and training, [241].
His doctrines and policy, [243].
His Political Economy, [246].
His later writings criticised, [248].
The Subjection of Women, [251].
Mill's theology, [253].
Opposition to Utilitarianism, [256].
Mr. Stephen's position, [259].
Voltaire, [206], [274].
Vorontzoff, Russian General, [307], [310].
Walpole, Horace, [3], [37], [50].
Walpole, Sir Spencer, [368-376].
His literary bent as an historian, [369].
His method described by himself, [371].
His treatment of ecclesiastical controversies, [372].
Comparison with Lecky, [375].
Waterloo in Scott and Byron's verse, [172], [190].
'Waverley' Novel, [28], [97]. See 'Scott.'
Wellington, Duke of, [92], [165].
Werther, Prussian minister at Paris, [348].
Whately, Historic Doubts, [14].
Wolfe, General, [104].
Wordsworth, William:
His letters, [37], [43].
Described by Carlyle, [64].
Criticised by Byron, [188].
Also [49], [177], [181], [199], [277].
Yermoloff, General, [298].
Zola, [15], [33].
Zoroaster, [400], [413].
Printed by T. and A. Constable, Printers to His Majesty at the Edinburgh University Press