The year we divide into three periods—October, November to May inclusive, June to September inclusive. During the first period, the horses get about 18 lb. of chaff and 12 lb. of crushed oats and beans; "10½ oats and 1½ beans" per head per day. During the second period they get about 15 lb. of hay chaff, 12 lb. of crushed oats and beans, and about 3 gallons of boiled turnips per head per day. During the third period they were turned out to graze during the night. In the day time, whilst in the stable, each animal is allowed about 50 lb. of cut clover, and about 12 lb. of crushed oats and beans per day. The feeding is all under the charge of one person. He uses his own discretion in feeding the animals, though he is not allowed to exceed the quantities named. The horses to which I allude are the same on which the experiments commenced two years ago—six cart horses, one cart pony, and one riding horse. From Sept. 1, 1865, to and including August 31, 1866, the cost of maintaining these horses in good working condition; keeping the carts, harness, &c., in repair; shoeing, c., was as follows:—
| Oats, 14 tons, at 16s. per cwt. | £112 | 0 | 0 |
| Beans, 2 tons, at 18s. per cwt. | 18 | 0 | 0 |
| Hay, 13 tons, at 30s. per ton | 19 | 10 | 0 |
| Green Clover | 15 | 0 | 0 |
| Turnips | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Night grazing | 18 | 0 | 0 |
| Engine, cutting chaff, crushing oats, &c. | 7 | 4 | 0 |
| Attendance | 26 | 0 | 0 |
| Blacksmith | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| Saddler | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| Carpenter | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| Five per cent. interest on value, £110 | 5 | 10 | 0 |
| Depreciation in value 10 per cent. | 11 | 0 | 0 |
| —————— | |||
| £271 | 4 | 0 | |
| Deduct cost of riding horse | 35 | 0 | 0 |
| —————— | |||
| £236 | 4 | 0 | |
£33 11s. 10d. per head; if we suppose the available working days to be 300, allowing 13 for wet days, holidays, &c., the daily cost will be 2s. 2½d.; to this if we add 1s. 8d., the wages of the driver, we shall have a total of 3s. 10½d. as the cost of a horse, cart, and driver per day. I would only add, in conclusion, that the horses are kept in good working condition; and, as a proof of their good health under this system, I may state that during the past two years we have not had occasion to require the services of a veterinary surgeon.
Musty hay or straw should not be given to horses. Furze is said to be a heating food; but it is very nutritious, and when young, may be given as part of the food of the horse.
Boiled turnips and mangels are often given in winter; but they are not sufficiently nutritious to constitute a substantial portion of the animal's diet. Oil-cake is occasionally given to horses; but seldom in larger quantities than 1½ lbs. per diem. On the whole, experience is in favor of occasionally giving cooked food to horses; and the practice meets with the full approval of the veterinarian. To most kinds of food for horses, the addition of one or two ounces of salt is necessary.
In the Agricultural Gazette for November 25, 1865, the following instructive tables are given:—
| STABLE FEEDING DURING AUTUMN. | |||||||
| No. | Name and Address of Authorities. | Hay. | Oats. | Beans. | Clover, &c. | Weekly Cost. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lb. | lb. | lb. | s. | d. | |||
| 1 | W. Gater, Botley | 168 | 63* | 32* | ... | 12 | 0 |
| 2 | W. C. Spooner | 112 | 84 | 24 | ... | 11 | 0 |
| 3 | T. Aitken, Spalding. | ... | 37½ | ... | ad lib. | 7 | 6? |
| 4 | T. Aitken, Spalding. | ... | 37½ | 35 | ad lib. | 10 | 0? |
| 5 | T. P. Dods, Hexham. | ... | 105 | ... | ad lib. | 10 | 6? |
| 6 | T. P. Dods, Hexham. | ad lib. | 105 | ... | ... | 10 | 6? |
| 7 | A. Ruston, I. of Ely. | ad lib. ½ | 84 | 10 | Straw ad lib. ½ Bran. 1⁄3 bush. | 9 | 0 |
| 8 | A. Simpson, Beauly | 168 | 70 | 14 | 24 lb. Straw. | 10 | 0 |
| 9 | H. J. Wilson, Mansfield | ... | 52½ | ... | ad lib. | 7 | 3? |
| 10 | H. J. Wilson, Mansfield | 42 | 87½ | ... | ad lib. | 9 | 0 |
| In this table the asterisk (*) means that the grain is crushed or ground. | |||||||
| STABLE FEEDING DURING WINTER. | |||||||||
| No. | Name and Address. | Hay. | Oats. | Beans. | Roots. | Sundries. | Straw. | Weekly Cost. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lb. | lb. | lb. | lb. | lb. | lb. | s. | d. | ||
| 1 | Professor Low—Elements of Agriculture | 56* | 56* | ... | Potatoes 56+ | ... | 56* | 6 | 6 |
| 2 | H. Stephens—Book of the Farm | 112 | 35 | ... | Turnips 112 | ... | ... | 6 | 0 |
| 3 | J. Gibson, Woolmet—H. Soc. 1850 | ... | 84 | ... | Potatoes 217+ | 217+ | 112 | 9 | 0 |
| 4 | —— Binnie, Seaton | ... | 70* | 28* | Barley 243+ | 42+ | ad lib. | 11 | 6 |
| 5 | —— Thomson, Hangingside | ... | 84 | 14 | 336 | 14 | ad lib. | 9 | 6 |
| 6 | W. C. Spooner, Ag. Soc. Journ. vol. ix. | ... | 63 | ... | 42 | ... | 196 | 4 | 9 |
| 7 | T. Aitken, Spalding, Lincolnshire | ad lib. (2⁄3) | 37 | 35 | ... | ... | ad lib. (1⁄3) | 9 | 0 |
| 8 | G. W. Baker, Woburn, Bedfordshire | ... | 60* | 20* | ... | ... | ... | 9 | 8 |
| 9 | R. Baker, Writtle, Essex | 70 | 42 | ... | ... | ... | 140 | 5 | 0 |
| 10 | J. Coleman, Cirencester | ... | 84 | 16 | ... | ... | ad lib. | 7 | 3 |
| 11 | T. P. Dods, Hexham | ... | 95 | ... | 56 | ... | ad lib. | 8 | 0 |
| 12 | J. Cobban, Whitfield | 84* | 60* | ... | ... | Linseed 3½ | ad lib.* | 7 | 3 |
| 13 | S. Druce, jun., Ensham | 112 | 52 | ... | Swedes 70 | ... | 2 bu.* | 7 | 0 |
| 14 | C. Howard, Biddenham | (2⁄3) | 52 | 17 | 84 | ... | ad lib. 1⁄3* | 8 | 6? |
| 15 | J. J. Mechi, Tiptree. | 49* | 70* | ... | M. Wurzel 210 | ... | ad lib.* | 7 | 6 |
| 16 | W. J. Pope, Bridport | 2* | 84 | ... | ... | ... | ad lib. | 9 | 0? |
| 17 | S. Rich, Didmarton, Gloucestershire | 168 | 63 | ... | ... | Grains 2 bush. | ad lib. | 10 | 8 |
| 18 | H. E. Sadler, Lavant, Sussex | 140 | 84 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 9 | 9 |
| 19 | J. Morton, Whitfield Farm | ... | 126 | ... | Carrots 350 | ... | ad lib. | 10 | 9 |
| 20 | E. H. Sandford, Dover | 56 | 42 | ... | ... | Bran 12 | ad lib. | 5 | 6 |
| 21 | A. Simpson, Beauly, N.B. | ... | 49 | 7 | 105 | Tail Corn 21 | ad lib.* | 5 | 6 |
| 22 | H. J. Wilson, Mansfield | 42 | 52½ | ... | ... | Bran 21 | ad lib. | 6 | 6? |
| 23 | F. Sowerby, Aylesby, North Lincolnshire | 112 | 28 | Cut Oat Sheaf. | ... | ad lib.* | 8 | 0? | |
| Where an asterisk (*) is attached to any item, it is to be understoodthat the corn has been bruised or ground, or the hay or straw has beencut into chaff. Where a dagger (+) is appended, the article so markedhas been boiled or steamed. A mark of interrogation (?) indicates thatthe result so marked is uncertain, owing to some indefiniteness in theaccount given. | |||||||||