A Manual of Elementary Geology / or, The Ancient Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants as Illustrated by Geological Monuments - Sir Charles Lyell

P.

Pacific, coral reefs of, [215.]
Palæontology, term explained, [103.]
Palagonia, dikes at, [407.]
Paleotherium magnum, figure of, [192.]
tooth of, [193.]
Palermo, caves near, [74.]
Palma, Isle of, map and view of, [391.]
Parallel roads, [86.]
Pareto, M., on Carrara marble, [482.]
Paris basin, [93.]
Parkinson, Mr., on crag, [105.]
Parrot, Dr. F., on salt lakes of Asia, [295.]
Pebbles in chalk, [217.]
Pegmatite, [440.]
Pentamerus Knightii, [352.]
Pentland hills, Mr. Maclaren on, [125.]
Pepys, Mr., cited, [41.]
Permian flora, distinct from coal, [305.]
formation in Thuringia, [306.]
group, term explained, [301.]
Petrifaction of fossil wood, [39.]
Petrifaction, process of, [43.]
Philippi, Dr., on fossil shells near Naples, [113.]
on marine shells in caves of Sicily, [154.]
on tertiary shells of Sicily, [150.]
Phillips, Prof., cited, [274.] [309.]
on cleavage, [471.]
on terminology, [103.]
Phillips, Mr. W., on kaolin of China, [11.]
Phosphate of lime, [219.]
Phryganea, figure of, [185.]
indusiæ of, [186.]
Pictou, Nova Scotia, calamites near, [319.]
Pilla, M., on age of Carrara marble, [482.]
Planitz, tripoli of, [26.]
Plas Newydd, rock altered by dike near, [381.]
Plastic clays, [203.]
Playfair, cited, [45.] [92.] [383.]
on faults, [62.]
on Huttonian theory of stratification, [60.]
Plesiosaurus, figure of, [277.]
Plieninger, Professor, on triassic mammifer, Postscript, [xiii.]
Pliocene, newer period, [121.]
newer, strata, [146.]
strata in Sicily, [150.]
older, in United States, [171.]
strata, [161.]
period, volcanic rocks of, [407.] [408.]
term defined, [111.]
Plomb du Cantal, described, [429.]
Plumbago in Massachusetts, [478.]
Plutonic rocks, [7.] [446.]
age of, [439.]
of carboniferous period, [456.]
of oolite and lias, [455.]
recent and pliocene, [450.]
of Silurian period, [457.]
age, how tested, [449.]
Plutonic and sedimentary rocks, diagram of, [452.]
Poggendorf, cited, [476.]
Poikilitic formation, [301.]
term explained, [286.]
Pomel, M., on mammalia of Auvergne, [188.] [425.]
Ponza Islands, structure of, [387.] [480.]
Porphyritic granite, [439.]
Porphyry, [372.]
Portland, Isle of, fossil forest in, [233.]
Portland stone, [259.]
Post-pliocene formations, [111.]
period, volcanic rocks, [401.]
Potsdam sandstone, reptilian, Postscript, [vii.] [xviii.]
Pottsville, coal seams near, [329.]
footprints of reptile near, [340.]
Pozzolana, [36.]
Pratt, Mr., on ammonites, [262.]
on extinct quadrupeds of Isle of Wight, [198.]
Predazzo, altered rocks at, [456.]
Prestwich, Mr., cited, [69.]
on English Eocene strata, [197.] [198.] [200.]
on coal measures of Coalbrook Dale, [62.] [324.]
Prevost, M. C., on Paris basin, [175.] [176.] [195.]
Progressive development, theory of, Postscript, [xvi.]
Psaronites in Germany and France, [307.]
Pumice, [373.]
Purbeck beds, [231.]
Puy de Tartaret, [425.]
Puy de Pariou, [428.]
Puzzuoli, elevation and depression of land at, [403.]
Pyrenees, cretaceous rocks of, [455.]
curvatures of strata, [58.]
granite of, [475.]
nummulitic formation of, [205.]

Q.

Quadrumana fossil, Postscript, [xvii.]
Quarrington Hill, basaltic dike near, [398.]
Quartz, [438.]
Quartzite, or quartz rock, [465.]

R.

Radnorshire, stratified trap of, [425.]
Rain-prints, fossil in coal shale, Postscript, [xii.]
Ramsay, Prof. A. C., on denudation, [68.]
on granite in Arran, [460.]
on section near Bristol, [102.]
on Welsh glaciers, [131.]
Recent strata defined, [112.]
near Naples, [112.]
Redfield, Mr., on glacial fauna in America, [133.]
on fossil fish, [300.]
Red sandstone, origin of, [293.]
Red Sea and Mediterranean, distinct species in, [100.]
Red Sea, saltness of, [296.]
Reptiles, carboniferous, [335.] [336.]
of lias, [276.]
fossil eggs of, [120.]
Reptile, in Lower Silurian, Postscript, [vii.]
in Old Red Sandstone of Morayshire, Postscript, [ix.]
Rhine, valley, loess of, [117.]
Ripple-mark, formation of, [19.]
River channels, ancient, [334.]
River, excavation through lava by, [413.]
terraces, [85.]
Rock, term defined, [2.]
Rocks, four classes of, contemporaneous, [9.]
classification of, [90.]
composed of fossil zoophytes and shells, [24.]
trappean, [91.]
Roderberg, extinct volcano of, [420.]
Rogers, Prof. H. D., on coal field, United States, [328.]
cited, [340.]
on reptilian footprints in coal, Postscript, [xi.]
Rogers, Prof. W. B., on oolitic coal field, United States, [284.] [328.]
Rome, formations at, [168.]
Römer, F., on chalk in Texas, [225.]
M. F. A., on flora of Hartz, [350.]
Rose, Prof. G., cited, [374.] [434.]
on hornblende, [369.]
Rosenlaui, limestone scratched by glacier of, [122.]
Ross, Captain, on greenstone in Keeling Island, [217.]
Ross-shire, denudation in, [67.]
Rothliegendes, lower, or Permian, [306.]
Rozet, M., cited, [191.]
Rubble, term explained, [81.]
Russia, erratic blocks in, [124.]
fossil meteoric iron in, [145.]
Permian rocks in, [306.]

S.

Saarbrück coal field, reptile found in, [336.]
St. Abb's Head, curved strata near, [49.]
St. Andrews, trap rocks in cliffs near, [432.] [433.]
St. Helena, basalt in, [385.] [406.]
St. Lawrence, gulf of, inland beaches and cliffs, [78.]
St. Mihiel, inland cliffs near, [77.]
St. Paul, island of, [394.]
St. Peter's Mount, Maestricht, fossils in, [210.]
sand-pipes in, [83.]
Salisbury Crag, altered strata of, [383.]
Salt rock, origin of, [294.]
precipitation of, [294.]
at Northwich, [294.]
lakes of Asia, [296.]
Salter, Mr., on fossil of Caradoc sandstone, [356.]
Sand-pipes near Maestricht, [83.]
or sand-galls, term explained, [82.]
near Norwich, [82.]
Sandstone, siliceous, [218.]
with cracks in Wealden, [230.]
Sandwich Islands, coral reef in, [216.]
volcanos of, [394.] [406.] [423.]
Saurians of lias, [278.]
thecodont, [306.]
Saussure, M., on moraines, [141.]
on vertical conglomerates, [47.]
Savi, M., on Carrara marble, [482.]
Saxony, granite in, [459.]
Schist, hornblende, and mica, [464.] [465.]
argillaceous, [465.]
chlorite, [465.]
Schorl rock and schorly granite, [440.]
Scoresby on icebergs, [122.]
Scoriæ, [373.]
Scotland, carboniferous traps of, [432.]
northern drift in, [125.]
old red sandstone of, [343.]
Scrope, Mr., cited, [181.] [263.] [419.] [423.] [425.] [427.] [430.]
on globular structure of traps, [387.]
on Ponza Islands, [480.]
on trachyte, basalt, and tuff, [374.] [400.]
Sea cliffs, inland, [71.]
Section of Wealden, [243.]
Section of white chalk from England to France, [211.]
Section of volcanic rocks, Auvergne, [424.]
Sedgwick, Prof., cited, [309.] [383.]
on brecciated limestone, [302.]
on concretionary magnesian limestone, [37.]
on Devonian group, [348.]
on garnets in altered rock, [382.]
on granite, [456.] [459.]
on Permian sandstones, [305.]
on joints and cleavage, [469.] [471.]
on mineral composition of granite, [444.]
on old red of Devon and Cornwall, [345.]
on structure of rocks, [468.]
on trap rocks of Cumberland, [435.]
Segregation in mineral veins, [489.]
Semi-opal, infusoria in, [26.]
Serpulæ, on volcanic rocks, in Sicily, [151.]
Sewâlik Hills, freshwater deposits, [173.]
Shale, carbonaceous, [271.]
defined, [11.]
Shales of coal near Dudley, [474.]
Sharpe, Mr. D., on mollusca in Silurian strata, [359.]
on slaty cleavage, [471.]
Shells, fossil, in Purbeck, [231.]
fossil, useful in classification, [109.]
in Canada drift, [134.]
recent, in valley of Niagara, [138.]
species of, near Lisbon, [171.]
Sheppey, Isle of, fossil flora of, [200.]
Sherringham, mass of chalk in drift, [129.]
Shetland, granite of, [441.] [444.]
hornblende schist of, [478.]
Shrewsbury, coal deposit near, [324.]
Sicily, Fiume Salso in, [191.]
inland cliffs in, [74.]
newer pliocene strata of, [150.]
terraces of denudation in, [75.]
Sidlaw Hills, trap of old red sandstone, [434.]
Siebengebirge, igneous rocks of, [417.]
Sienna, formations at, [167.]
Sigillaria, [314.] [318.]
Siliceous limestone defined, [12.]
rocks defined, [11.]
Silliman, Prof., cited, [450.]
Silurian, name explained, [350.]
period, plutonic rocks of, [457.]
rocks, table of, [351.]
strata, mineral character of, [360.]
strata of United States, [359.]
strata, thickness of, [358.]
strata, reptile in, Postscript, [vii.]
volcanic rocks, [434.]
Simpson, Mr., on ice islands, [129.]
Sivatherium described, [173.]
Skaptar Jokul, eruption of, [399.]
Skye, rocks of, [383.] [456.]
basaltic columns in, [385.]
dikes in Isle of, [380.]
sandstone in, [36.]
Slaty cleavage, [468.]
Slickensides, term defined, [61.]
Smith, Mr., of Jordan Hill, on Pleistocene, [134.]
on shells near Lisbon, [171.]
Snags, fossil, [320.]
Snakes' eggs, fossil at Tonna near Gotha, [120.]
Solenhofen, lithographic stone of, [260.]
Solfatara, decomposition of rocks in the, [477.]
Somma, [404.]
lava at, [380.]
Sopwith, Mr. T., models by, [57.]
Sortino, cave in valley of, [154.]
South Devon and Cornwall, old red of, [315.]
South Downs, view of, [245.]
Sowerby, Mr. G., cited, [162.]
Spatangus, figure of, [23.]
Spezia, gulf of, calcareous rocks in, [482.]
Spitzbergen, glaciers of, [136.]
Sponges, figures of, in chalk, [213.]
Spongilla of Lamarck, in tripoli, [25.]
Springs, mineral. See [Mineral Springs], [490.]
Staffa, basaltic columns in, [385.]
Steno on classification of rocks, [90.]
Stigmaria, [310.] [315.]
in fossil forest, Nova Scotia, [322.]
Stirling Castle, rock of, altered by dike, [383.]
Stokes, Mr., on petrifaction, [43.]
Stonesfield slate, [266.]
Stonesfield, fossil mammalia, [268.] and Postscript, [xviii.]
Storton Hill, footprints at, [291.]
Strata, term defined, [2.]
arrangement of, determined by fossils, [21.] [22.]
consolidation of, [34.]
curved and vertical, [47.] [58.]
elevation of, above the sea, [44.]
fossiliferous, tabular view of, [361.]
horizontality of, [15.] [45.]
metamorphic origin of, [467.]
mineral composition of, [10.]
outcrop of, [56.]
tertiary classification of, [134.]
Stratification, forms of, [13.] [16.] [47.]
unconformable, [59.]
Strickland, Mr., on new red sandstone, [290.]
Strike, term explained, [53.]
Stromboli, lava of, [450.]
Studer, M., on Swiss Alps, [484.]
on boulders of Jura, [143.]
Stutchbury, Mr., cited, [306.]
Subapennine strata, [105.] [166.]
Subsidence in drift period, [135.]
Suffolk crag, [162.]
Sullivan, Capt., chart of Falkland Islands, [88.]
Superior, Lake, marl in, [36.]
Superposition of aqueous deposits, [96.]
of volcanic rocks, test of age, [327.]
Supracretaceous, term explained, [103.]
Sussex marble, [228.]
Swansea, coal measures near, [309.]
valley stems of Sigillaria, [317.]
Sydney coal field, Cape Breton, [324.]
Syenite, [440.]
Syenitic granite, [440.]
greenstone, [372.]
Synclinal line, term defined, [48.]

T.

Table Mountain, strata horizontal, [45.]
Mountain, granite veins in, [443.]
Talcose granite, [440.]
Tartaret, Puy de, cone of, [425.]
Teeth of fossil mammalia, figures of, [160.]
Teredina, fossil wood bored by, [24.]
Teredo navalis boring wood, [23.]
Terra del Fuego, [139.]
Fucus giganteus in, [217.]
Tertiary, term explained, [104.]
strata, tabular view of, [362.]
Touraine, faluns of, [168.]
Trachyte, [372.]
of Hungary, [442.]
Trachytic rocks, older than basalt, [400.]
Transition, term explained, [92.]
Trap, term explained, [366.]
dike in Fifeshire, [434.]
globular structure of, [387.]
intrusion of, between strata, [384.]
various ages of, [432.] [434.]
passage of granite into, [441.]
in Radnorshire, [435.]
rocks, relation to lava, [387.]
rocks, lithological character of, [400.]
in Lower Eifel, [420.]
Trappean rocks, [91.]
Trap-tuff, [374.]
Tertiary deposits, [171.] [177.] [178.]
Texas, chalk in, [225.]
Thames valley, freshwater deposits in, [146.]
Thecodont Saurians, [306.]
Saurians, age of, Postscript, [xv.]
Thirria, M., on oolitic group in France, [283.]
Thurmann, M., cited, [55.] [252.] [266.]
Thuja occidentalis in stomach of mastodon, [138.]
Till, term explained, [121.]
origin of, [123.]
Tilestone, [351.]
Tilgate Forest, remains in, [229.]
Tin, veins of, in Cornwall, [490.] [498.]
Tiverton trap, porphyry near, [432.]
Travertin, how deposited, [34.]
Tree ferns in Permian formation, [307.]
Trias, or new red sandstone, [286.] [289.] and Postsc., [xiii.]
in Cheshire and Lancashire, [290.] [295.]
Trilobite in Devonian strata, [348.]
Trilobites of Lower Silurian, [357.]
Trimmer, Mr., on sand-galls, [82.]
on shells in drift near Menai Straits, [130.]
Tripoli composed of infusoria, [24.]
Tuff, volcanic, and trap, [6.] [374.]
Tuffs on Wrekin and Caer Caradoc, [434.]
Tuomey, Mr., cited, [208.]
Turner, Dr., cited, [41.] [42.]
Tuscany, volcanic rocks of, [408.]
Tynedale fault, [64.]
Tynemouth Cliff, limestone at, [302.]