The shell-bearing deposits of Moel Tryfan were examined by a committee of the British Association. (See "Report of the British Association" Dover, 1899, pages 414 to 423.) At the end of this report is an extensive bibliography.]
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[ During the last forty years the deep-sea dredging expeditions of H. M.S. Challenger and others have shown the abundance and variety of animal life at great depths, especially in the Arctic and Antarctic seas. For a recent summary, see Murray and Hjort, "The Depths of the Ocean," London, 1912.]
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[ It is now generally admitted that these shell-beds in Wexford are of Pliocene age, and they therefore have no bearing on the subject under discussion.]
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[ The boulder deposit at Selsey has been described by Mr. Clement Reid ("Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society," volume 48, 1892, page 355). Immediately above the Tertiary beds is a hard greenish clay, full of derived Tertiary fossils and Pleistocene shells with large flints and erratic blocks, some of the latter weighing several tons. They include granite, greenstone, schist, slate, quartzite, and sandstone, and most of them must have been transported for a long distance. Above them are black muds with marine shells, then a shingle beach, and above all the Coombe Rock. (See next note.)]
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[ The Brighton elephant-bed and its equivalent, the Coombe Rock, are fully described by Clement Reid ("On the Origin of Dry Chalk Valleys and the Coombe Rock," "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society," volume 43, 1887, page 364). The Coombe Rock is a mass of unstratified flints and Chalk debris filling the lower parts of the dry valleys (Coombes) of the South Downs and gradually passing into the brick-earth (loam) of the coastal plain. It is clearly a torrential accumulation, and is supposed to have been formed while the Chalk was frozen, thus preventing percolation of water and causing the surface water to run off as strong streams. This must have occurred during some part of the glacial period, which would naturally be a period of heavy precipitation. Of very similar origin is the "Head" of Cornwall, a surface deposit often rich in tinstone and other minerals of economic value. The Coombe Rock has recently been correlated with deposits of Mousterian Age.]