POST-
TERTIARY
1.
RECENT
Shells and mammals, all of living species.
British
Clyde marine strata, with canoes ([p.146]).
Foreign
Danish kitchen middens ([p.146]).
Lacustrine mud, with remains of Swiss lake-dwellings ([p. 148]).
Marine strata inclosing Temple of Serapis, at Puzzuoli ([p. 146]).
2.
POST-
PLIOCENE.
Shells, recent mammalia in part extinct.
British
Loam of Brixham cave, with flint implements and bones of extinctand living quadrupeds ([p.157])
Drift near Salisbury, with bones of mammoth, Spermophilus, andstone implements ([p. 161]).
Glacial drift of Scotland, with marine shells and remains ofmammoth ([p. 176].
Erratics of Pagham and Selsey Bill ([p. 182]).
Glacial drift of Wales, with marine fossil shells, about 1400feet high, on Moel Tryfaen ([p.181]).
Foreign
Dordogne caves of the reindeer period ([p. 150]).
Older valley-gravels of Amiens, with flint implements and bonesof extinct mammalia ([p.152]).
Loess of Rhine ([p. 154]).
Ancient Nile-mud forming river-terraces ([p. 154]).
Loam and breccia of Liege caverns, with human remains ([pp. 156, 157]).
Australian cave breccias, with bones of extinct marsupials ([p. 158]).
Glacial drift of Northern Europe ([p.166], [p. 174]).

TERTIARY OR CAINOZOIC

PLIOCENE3.
NEWER
PLIOCENE.
The shells almost all of living species.
British
Bridlington beds, marine Arctic fauna ([p. 189]).
Glacial boulder formation of Norfolk cliffs ([p. 190]).
Forest-bed of Norfolk cliffs, with bones of Elephasmeridionalis, etc. ([p.191]).
Chillesford and Aldeby beds, with marine shells, chiefly Arctic([p. 192]).
Norwich crag ([p. 193]).
Foreign
Eastern base of Mount Etna, with marine shells ([p. 204]).
Sicilian calcareous and tufaceous strata ([p. 205], 206).
Lacustrine strata of Upper Val d’Arno ([p. 207]).
Madeira leaf-bed and land-shells ([p.532]).
4.
OLDER
PLIOCENE.
Extinct species of
shells forming a
large minority.
British
Red crag of Suffolk, marine shells, some of northern forms ([p. 194, 195]).
White or coralline crag of Suffolk ([p. 197]).
Foreign
Antwerp crag ([p. 204]).
Subapennine marls and sands ([p.208]).

EXAMPLES

MIOCENE5.
UPPER
MIOCENE.
Majority of the
shells extinct.
British
Wanting.
Foreign
Faluns of Touraine ([p. 211]).
Faluns, proper, of Bordeaux ([p.214]).
Fresh-water strata of Gers ([p.215]).
Swiss Oeningen beds, rich in plants and insects ([pp. 215-23]).
Marine Molasse, Switzerland ([p.223]).
Bolderberg beds of Belgium ([p.224]).
Vienna basin ([p. 224]).
Beds of the Superga, near Turin ([p.226]).
Deposit at Pikermé, near Athens ([p. 226]).
Strata of the Siwâlik hills, India ([p. 226]).
Marine strata of the Atlantic border in the United States ([p. 227]).
Volcanic tuff and limestone of Madeira, the Canaries, and theAzores ([).]
6.
LOWER
MIOCENE.
Nearly all the
shells extinct.
British
Hempstead beds, marine and fresh-water strata ([p. 244]).
Lignites and clays of Bovey Tracey ([p. 245]).
Isle of Mull leaf-bed, volcanic tuff ([p. 247]).
Foreign
Calcaire de la Beauce, etc. ([p.230]).
Grès de Fontainebleau ([p.230]).
Lacustrine strata of the Limagne d’Auvergne, and the Cantal([p. 233]).
Mayence basin ([p. 242]).
Radaboj beds of Croatia ([p.242]).
Brown coal of Germany ([p.244]).
Lower Molasse of Switzerland, fresh-water and brackish ([p. 235-9]).
Rupelmonde, Kleynspawen, and Tongrian beds of Belgium ([p. 241], 242).
Nebraska beds, United States ([p.248]).
Lower Miocene beds of Italy ([p.244]).
Miocene flora of North Greenland ([p.239]).
EOCENE7.
UPPER
EOCENE.
British
Bembridge fluvio-marine strata ([p.252]).
Osborne or St. Helen’s series ([p. 255]).
Headon series, with marine and fresh-water shells ([p. 255]).
Barton sands and clays ([p.258]).
Foreign
Gypsum of Montmartre, fresh-water with Palæotherium([p. 270]).
Calcaire silicieux, or Travertin inférieur ([p. 273]),
Grès de Beauchamp, or Sables moyens ([p. 273]).
8.
MIDDLE
EOCENE.
British
Bracklesham beds and Bagshot sands ([p. 259]).
White clays of Alum Bay and Bournemouth ([p. 262]).
Foreign
Calcaire grossier, miliolitic limestone ([p. 274]).
Soissonnais sands, or Lits coquilliers, with Nummulitesplanulata ([p. 275]).
Claiborne beds of the United States, with Orbitoides andZeuglodon ([p. 279]).
Nummulitic formation of Europe, Asia, etc. ([p. 277]).
9.
LOWER
EOCENE.
British
London clay proper ([p. 263]).
Woolwich and Reading series, fluvio-marine ([p. 267]).
Thanet sands ([p. 269]).
Foreign
Argile de Londres, near Dunkirk ([p.252]).
Argile plastique ([p. 276]).
Sables de Bracheux ([p.276]).

SECONDARY OR MESOZOIC.

CRETACEOUS10.
UPPER
CRETACEOUS.
British
Upper white chalk, with flints ([p.290]).
Lower white chalk, without flints ([p. 298]).
Chalk marl ([p. 298]).
Chloritic series (or Upper Greensand), fire-stone of Surrey ([p. 298]).
Gault ([p. 300]).
Blackdown beds ([p. 301]).

EXAMPLES

CRETACEOUS10.
UPPER
CRETACEOUS.
Foreign
Maetricht beds and Faxoe chalk ([p.233]).
Pisolitic limestone of France ([p.285]).
White chalk of France, Sweden, and Russia ([p. 286, 287]).
Planer-kalk of Saxony ([p.293]).
Sands and clays of Aix-la-Chapelle ([p. 302]).
Hippurite limestone of South of France ([p. 305]).
New Jersey, U.S., sands and marls ([p. 307]).
11.
LOWER
CRETACEOUS or
NEOCOMIAN.
British
Sands of Folkestone, Sandgate, and Hythe ([p. 308]).
Atherfield clay, with Perna mulleti ([p. 309]).
Punfield marine beds, with Vicarya lujana ([p. 318]).
Speeton clay of Flamborough Head and Tealby ([p. 311]).
Weald clay of Surrey, Kent, and Sussex, fresh-water, withCypris ([p. 313-5]).
Hastings sands ([p. 316-8]).
Foreign
Neocomian of Neufchatel, and Hils conglomerate of North Germany([p. 312]).
Wealden beds of Hanover ([p.319]).
OOLITE12.
UPPER OOLITE.
British
Upper Purbeck beds, fresh-water ([p.323]).
Middle Purbeck, with numerous marsupial quadrupeds, etc. ([p. 324]).
Lower Purbeck, fresh-water, with intercalated dirt-bed ([p. 330]).
Portland stone and sand. ([p.334]).
Kimmeridge clay ([p. 335]).
Foreign
Marnes à gryphées virgules of Argonne ([p. 336]).
Lithographic-stone of Solenhofen, with Archæopteryx([p. 337]).
13.
MIDDLE OOLITE.
British
Coral rag of Berkshire, Wilts, and Yorkshire ([p. 339]).
Oxford clay, with belemnites and Ammonite ([p. 340]).
Kelloway rock of Wilts and Yorkshire ([p. 341]).
Foreign
Nerinæan limestone of the Jura ([p. 339]).
14.
LOWER OOLITE.
British
Cornbrash and forest marble ([p.341]).
Great or Bath oolite of Bradford ([p.342]).
Stonesfield slate, with marsupials and Araucaria ([p. 345]).
Fuller’s earth of Bath ([p.348]).
Inferior oolite ([p. 349]).
LIAS15.
LIAS.
Upper Lias, argillaceous, with Ammonitesstriatulus ([p. 353]).
Shale and limestone, with Ammonites bifrons ([p. 353]).
Middle Lias or Marlstone series, with zones containingcharacteristic Ammonites ([p.353]).
Lower Lias, also with zones characterised by peculiar Ammonites([p. 356]).
TRIAS16.
UPPER TRIAS.
British
Rhætic, Penarth or Avicula contorta beds (beds ofpassage) ([p. 366]).
Keuper or Upper New Red sandstone, etc. ([p. 369]).
Red shales of Cheshire and Lancashire, with rock-salt ([p. 371]).
Dolomite conglomerate of Bristol ([p.373]).
Foreign
Keuper beds of Germany ([p.375]).
St. Cassian or Hallstadt beds, with rich marine fauna ([p. 376]).
Coal-field of Richmond, Virginia ([p.382]).
Chatham coal-field, North Carolina ([p. 383]).
17.
MIDDLE TRIAS.
British
Wanting.
Foreign
Muschelkalk of Germany ([p.378]).
18.
LOWER TRIAS.
British
Bunter or Lower New Red sandstone of Lancashire and Cheshire ([p. 372]).
Foreign
Bunter-sandstein of Germany ([p.380]).
Red sandstone of Connecticut Valley, with footprints of birds andreptiles ([p. 381]).

PRIMARY OR PALÆOZOIC
EXAMPLES