[4] I paid very special attention to the vestiges of these wanderers when I served in those regions. All the articles mentioned were found by myself in 1851.
[5] By Colonel Feilden in 1877.
[6] Found by Dr O. Stolberg. Nansen, 11, 72.
[7] Studies on the Material Culture of the Eskimo in West Greenland (Kjøbenhavn, 1915), Morten P. Porsild.
[8] The work of Pytheas was known to Dicaearchus, a pupil of Aristotle, and the date of the voyage was, therefore, probably not later than the time of Aristotle.
[9] The word Thule, in its forms Thyle, Thull, Tell, means ‘a limit’ in ancient Saxon; and we thus have Telemarken in Norway.
[10] Pliny and Diodorus Siculus.
[11] The name of Viking is derived from Vik, a bay or creek, and the patronymic Ing, i.e. “Children of the bays,” whence they sallied forth as sea rovers.
[12] The mausar, which was highly prized, may have been some kind of maple or birch.
[13] According to the Flatey book, Bjarni, the son of Herjulf, was in Norway when his father left Iceland to settle in Greenland. Hearing this when he came to Iceland, he continued his voyage to join his father. He is said to have discovered a new land before reaching his father’s homestead in Herjulfsfjord. This led to the voyage of Leif to visit the newly-discovered land. The two stories in the Hauk book and the Flatey book are so different that they cannot be fitted together, and it is necessary to adopt one and reject the other. That in the Hauk book is the older, the more coherent, and probably nearer to the truth.