[46] Howard, from MS. of Ruiz.
[47] Mr. Cross's Report, Nov. 1861.
[48] Pereira, Materia Medica, ii. p. 106.
[49] Afterwards published in a pamphlet of 57 pages, with plates.
[50] In 1856 Mr. Howard shared Dr. Weddell's belief that the "red bark" belonged to a variety of C. ovata.—Pharmaceutical Journal, Oct. 1856.
[51] Howard.
[52] With "red bark" another kind, known as "West coast Carthagena," is exported from Guayaquil. The name is absurd. Mr. Howard believes it to be derived from the C. Palton of Pavon, which is found in the woods of Cuenca, and in the province of Loxa. Samples of this bark yield 2.05 of alkaloids, 1.34 of chinchonidine, and 0.7 of quinine.
[53] Alcedo.
[54] Mutis was born at Cadiz in 1732. He resided in South America for forty years, and corresponded with Linnæus. Dying in 1808, the greater portion of his papers was destroyed in the revolution at Bogota; but a part of his collection of dried plants is now in the botanical gardens at Madrid, in a disgraceful state of disorder.
[55] In 1776 Don Sebastian José Lopez Ruiz, a physician at Bogota, persuaded the Spanish government that he was the first discoverer of chinchona-trees in New Granada, and obtained a yearly pension of 2000 dollars as a reward; but he was afterwards considered to be an impostor, and the viceroy deprived him of it.