[305] Challhua, fish, in Quichua; and uma, water, in Aymara.
[306] Lijera descripcion que hace Juan Bustamante, de su viaje a Carabaya, y del estado actual de sus lavaderos y minerales. Arequipa, 1850. Bustamante says that, at the time of his visit, there were a hundred people at the lavaderos of the Challuma, and that the Indians received 4 rials a day.
[307] On the Geology of Bolivia and Southern Peru, by David Forbes, Esq., in the Journal of the Geological Society for Feb. 1861, p. 53.
Mr. Forbes had, of course, personally examined only a portion of this great Silurian region. At Tipuani, in Bolivia, there is a very rich auriferous country, composed of blue-clay slates, with no fossils; while the beds near Sorata contain fossils, and consist of blue-clay shales, micaceous slates, grauwacke, and clay slates, with gold-bearing quartz, metallic bismuths, iron-ore, and argentiferous galena. "The whole of this Silurian formation is eminently auriferous, and contains everywhere frequent veins of auriferous quartz, usually associated with iron pyrites."
[308] The thermometer was at 25° Fahr. inside the hut.
[309] Observations by Negretti and Zambra's boiling-point thermometer.
[310] Titulo 14, s. 104.
[311] The Juntas Departmentales have since been abolished by the Reformed Constitution, promulgated in Nov. 1860. Up to May, 1860, Gen. Castilla, the President, had never permitted them to meet.
[312] Titulo 15, s. 114.
[313] La Revista de Lima, tom. i. p. 159-60. Nov. 15, 1859. An article by G. A. Flores.