| [Preface]. | Page v |
| [CHAPTER I]. | |
| Discovery of Peruvian Bark. | |
| The Countess of Chinchon—Introduction of the use of bark into Europe—M. La Condamine's first description of a chinchona-tree—J. de Jussieu—Description of the chinchona region—The different valuablespecies—The discovery of quinine | 1 |
| [CHAPTER II]. | |
| The Valuable Species of Chinchona-trees—their History, theirDiscoverers, and their Forests. | |
| I. The Loxa region and its crown barks | [21] |
| II. The "red-bark" region, on the western slopes of Chimborazo | [26] |
| III. The New Granada region | [27] |
| IV. The Huanuco region in Northern Peru, and its "grey barks" | [30] |
| V. The Calisaya region in Bolivia and Southern Peru | [35] |
| [CHAPTER III]. | |
| Rapid destruction of chinchona-trees in South America—Importanceof their introduction into other countries—M. Hasskarl's mission—Chinchona plantations in Java | 44 |
| [CHAPTER IV]. | |
| Introduction of Chinchona-plants into India. | |
| Preliminary arrangements | 60 |
| [CHAPTER V]. | |
| Islay and Arequipa | 69 |
| [CHAPTER VI]. | |
| Journey across the Cordillera to Puno | 88 |
| [CHAPTER VII]. | |
| Lake Titicaca. | |
| The Aymara Indians—Their antiquities—Tiahuanaco—Coati—Sillustani—Copacabana | 108 |
| [CHAPTER VIII]. | |
| The Peruvian Indians. | |
| Their condition under Spanish colonial rule | 117 |
| [CHAPTER IX]. | |
| Narrative of the insurrection of José Gabriel Tupac Amaru, the lastof the Incas | 134 |
| [CHAPTER X]. | |
| Diego Tupac Amaru—Fate of the Inca's family—Insurrection of Pumacagua | 158 |
| [CHAPTER XI]. | |
| Journey from Puno to Crucero, the capital of Caravaya | 180 |
| [CHAPTER XII]. | |
| The Province of Caravaya. | |
| A short historical and geographical description | 199 |
| [CHAPTER XIII]. | |
| Caravaya—The valley of Sandia | 216 |
| [CHAPTER XIV]. | |
| Coca cultivation | 232 |
| [CHAPTER XV]. | |
| Caravaya. | |
| Chinchona forests of Tambopata | 240 |
| [CHAPTER XVI]. | |
| General remarks on the chinchona-plants of Caravaya | 267 |
| [CHAPTER XVII]. | |
| Journey from the Forests of Tambopata to the Port of Islay. | |
| Establishment of the plants in Wardian cases | 275 |
| [CHAPTER XVIII]. | |
| Present Condition and Future Prospects of Peru. | |
| Population—Civil wars—Government—Constitution—General Castilla andhis ministers—Dr. Vigil—Mariano Paz Soldan—Valleys on the coast—Cotton,wool, and specie—The Amazons—Guano—Finances—Literature—Futureprospects | 288 |
| [CHAPTER XIX]. | |
| Mr. Spruce's expedition to procure plants and seeds of the "red bark," orC. succirubra—Mr. Pritchett in the Huanuco region, and the "grey barks"—Mr.Cross's proceedings at Loxa, and collection of seeds of C. Condaminea | 313 |
| [CHAPTER XX]. | |
| Conveyance of Chinchona-plants and Seeds from South America to India. | |
| Transmission of dried specimens—Voyages of plants in Wardian cases—Arrivalof plants and seeds in India—Depôt at Kew—Treatment of plantsin Wardian cases—Effects of introduction of chinchona-plants into Indiaon trade in South America—Neilgherry hills | 331 |
TRAVELS IN INDIA.
| [CHAPTER XXI]. | |
| Malabar. | |
| Calicut—Houses and gardens—Population of Malabar—Namburi Brahmins—Nairs—Tiars—Slaves—Moplahs—Assessmentof rice-fields, of gardens,of dry crops—Other taxes—Voyage up the Beypoor river—TheConolly teak plantations—Wundoor—Backwood cultivation—Sholacul—Sisparaghaut—Blackwood—Scenery—Sispara—View of the Nellemboorvalley—Avalanche—Arrival at Ootacamund | 341 |
| [CHAPTER XXII]. | |
| Neilgherry Hills. | |
| Extent—Formation—Soil—Climate—Flora—Hill tribes—Todars—Antiquities—Badagas—Koters—Kurumbers—Irulas—Englishstations—Kotergherry—Ootacamund—Coonoor—Jakatalla—Government gardensat Ootacamund and Kalhutty—Mr. McIvor—Coffee cultivation—Rulesfor sale of waste lands—Forest conservancy | 358 |
| [CHAPTER XXIII]. | |
| Selection of Sites for Chinchona-Plantations on the Neilgherry Hills. | |
| The Dodabetta site—The Neddiwuttum site | 379 |
| [CHAPTER XXIV]. | |
| Journey to the Pulney Hills. | |
| Coonoor ghaut—Coimbatore—Pulladom—Cotton cultivation—Dharapurum—Amarriage procession—Dindigul—Ryotwarry tenure—Pulney hills—Kodakarnal—Extentof the Pulneys—Formation—Soil—Climate—Inhabitants—Flora—Suitabilityfor chinchona cultivation—Forest conservancy—Anamallay hills | 390 |
| [CHAPTER XXV]. | |
| Madura and Trichinopoly. | |
| Arrive at Madura—Peopling of India—The Dravidian race—Brahmincolonists in Southern India—Foundation of Madura—Pandyan dynasty—Tamilliterature—Aghastya—Naik dynasty—The Madura pagoda—TheSangattar—The Choultry—Tirumalla Naik's palace—Caste prejudices—Trichinopoly—Coleroonanicut—Rice cultivation—The palmyrapalm—Caroor—Return to the Neilgherries—Shervaroy hills—Courtallum | 408 |
| [CHAPTER XXVI]. | |
| Mysore and Coorg. | |
| Seegoor ghaut—Sandal-wood—Mysore—Seringapatam—Hoonsoor—Thetannery—Fraserpett—Mercara—The fort—The Rajahs of Coorg—TheCoorgs—Origin of the river Cauvery—Coorg—Climate—Coffee cultivation—Sitesfor chinchona-plantations—Caryota Urens—Virarajendrapett—Cardamomcultivation—Kumari—Poon, blackwood, and teak—Peppercultivation in Malabar—Cannanore—Nuggur and Baba Bodeen hills—TheBeebee of Cannanore—Compta—Sedashighur—Arrive at Bombay | 432 |
| [CHAPTER XXVII]. | |
| The Mahabaleshwur Hills and the Deccan. | |
| Journey from Bombay to Malcolm-penth—The Mahabaleshwur hills—Thevillage and its temples—Elevation of the hills—Formation—Soil—Climate—Vegetation—Sitesfor chinchona-plantations—Paunchgunny—Waee—Itstemples—The babool-tree—Shirwul—The village system—Villageofficials—Barra-balloota—Cultivators—Festivals—Crops andharvests—Poona—The Bhore ghaut—Return to Bombay | 458 |
| [CHAPTER XXVIII]. | |
| Cultivation of the chinchona-plants in the Neilgherry hills, under the superintendenceof Mr. McIvor | 483 |
| [CHAPTER XXIX]. | |
| Chinchona Cultivation. | |
| Ceylon—Sikkim—Bhotan—Khassya hills—Pegu—Jamaica—Conclusion | 509 |
| [APPENDIX A]. | |
| General Miller and the Foreign Officers who served in the Patriot Armies ofChile and Peru, between 1817 and 1830 | 521 |
| [APPENDIX B]. | |
| Botanical descriptions of the genus Chinchona, and of the species of Chinchonænow growing in India and Ceylon | 530 |
| [APPENDIX C]. | |
| Notes on the principal plants employed in India on account of their real orsupposed febrifuge virtues: by Alexander Smith, Esq. | 546 |
| [APPENDIX D]. | |
| Report, by Mr. McIvor, on the cultivation of Chinchona-plants in SouthernIndia | 566 |
| [APPENDIX E]. | |
| Note on the export-trade in Peruvian bark from the South American ports,and on the import-trade into England | 571 |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
| PAGE | |
| Chinchona-plants at Ootacamund | [Frontispiece.] |
| Chinchona Micrantha | to face [32] |
| Arequipa | " [75] |
| Arequipa Cathedral | " [76] |
| A Cholo of Arequipa | [87] |
| Balsa on Lake Titicaca | [107] |
| The Towers of Sillustani | to face [111] |
| Genealogical Table of the Family of the Incas of Peru | " [134] |
| The Sondor-huasi, at Azangaro | " [193] |
| Chinchona Nitida Trees | " [323] |
| Chinchona Chahuarguera | " [329] |
| Canoe on the Beypoor river | [520] |
| Capsules and parts of the flower of Chinchona Chahuarguera—magnified and natural size | [532] |
| Capsule and parts of the flower of Chinchona Succirubra | [534] |
| Parts of the flower and fruit of Chinchona Micrantha | [539] |
| Map to illustrate Mr. Spruce's journeys to the forests on the Western slopes of Chimborazo | to face [313] |
| Map of part of Peru, to illustrate Mr. C. Markham's journey to the Chinchona forests of Caravaya | [at the end.] |