Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection - Sir Edward Bagnall Poulton

[L] In “Comparative Longevity.”

INDEX.

Abnormal Transposition, or Multiplication of Parts, [172]
Acquired Characters, Transmission of, [179], [180]
Agassiz, Prof. L., and Darwin, [157], [158]
Animals, Variation of, under Domestication, [75], [115], [161], et seq.;
Abnormal Transposition or Multiplication of Parts, [172];
Instinctive Knowledge in, denied, [216]
Argyll, Duke of, on Natural Selection, [144]
Atlantis Hypothesis, The, Darwin’s Objections to, [53–55]
Bastian, Dr. H. C., [160]
Bates on Mimicry, [212]
Bateson on Speculation and Hypothesis in Science, [14–15]
“Beagle,” Darwin’s Voyage in the, [21–24];
Important Observations and Discoveries, [23];
Countries and Islands visited, [23–24];
Completion of “A Naturalist’s Voyage,” [30];
Zoology of, [31];
Geology of, [35]
Beale, Dr. Lionel, [184]
Bear and Whale, a Hypothetical Illustration of Natural Selection, [151]
Beetles, Wingless, [51]
Birds, Experimenting with Distasteful Caterpillars, &c., [216]
Botanical Works of Darwin, [193], et seq.
Bree, Dr., “Species not Transmutable,” [149]
Butler, Dr., School at Shrewsbury, Darwin’s Education at, [16], [17]
Butterflies, Dimorphic, [204], [205]
Cambridge, Darwin studying at, [18–20];
Revisited, [25]
Carpenter, Dr., [159]
Carus, V., [183]
Case, Mr., Darwin attends his School at Shrewsbury, [16]
“Challenger” Expedition, The, [53], [55]
Cirripedia, Monographs on the, [36]
Climbing Plants, [196];
Revolution of the Upper Part, [196]
Copley Medal of the Royal Society awarded to Charles Darwin, [109];
to Sir Joseph Hooker, [111]
Coral Reefs, Work upon the, [32];
Theory of Origin, [33];
Dr. John Murray rejects the Darwinian Theory, [33]
Creative Hypothesis, Huxley on the, [135]
Crossing in Plants, The Advantages of, [194]
Cross-fertilisation in Plants, [201]
Darwin, Charles, Birthplace, [9];
His Parentage, [10];
Family Genius, [10];
Secret of his Strength, [13–15];
his high Valuation of Hypothesis, [14];
Boyhood, [16–17];
School-life, [16];
Love of Sport, [16];
at Edinburgh, [17];
Dislike of Dissection, [17];
First Scientific Discovery and Paper, [17], [18];
at Cambridge, [18–20];
his Friendship with Professors Henslow and Sedgwick, [19];
Voyage of the “Beagle,” [21], et seq.;
Preparation for and Effects of the Voyage, [22];
the Most Important Discoveries during, [23];
Places Visited, [23], [24];
Re-visits Cambridge, [25];
Work upon the Collections, and the “Naturalist’s Voyage,” [25];
at London, [25];
Origin of Species, [25–29];
Geological Work, [29], [33];
Completion of “A Naturalist’s Voyage,” [30];
Zoology of the Voyage of the “Beagle,” [31];
Papers on Earth-Worms, [31];
Marriage, [32];
Book on the Coral Reefs, [32];
Ill-health, [32];
at Down, [35];
his Career as a Biologist, [37];
Systematic Work, [37];
his Dislike of Species-mongers, [39], [40];
Death of his Father and Daughter, [41];
Growth of the Origin of Species Theory, [42–59];
Correspondence with Friends, [50–59];
Experiments with Seeds in Salt Water, [51], [52];
Letter to Wedgwood, [52];
Objections to the Atlantis Hypothesis, [53], [55];
Letter to Lyell, [53];
Friendship and Correspondence with Wallace, [60–64], [81–86];
their Joint Papers Presented to the Linnean Society, [46], [62];
Letter to Asa Gray on Selection, [68–70];
Comparison and Reception of the Joint Papers, [78–82];
Delay in Publishing his Discoveries, [90];
Preparation of Origin of Species, [95], et seq.;
Observations, [96];
Appeals to Lyell, [97];
Letter to John Murray, [97];
his Influence upon Lyell, [105];
Receives the Copley Medal of the Royal Society, [109];
his Indebtedness to Lyell’s Teaching, [110];
Influence upon Hooker and Asa Gray, [111];
his Controversy with Asa Gray, [114–118];
his Influence upon Huxley, [119–143];
his Views of Natural Selection as the Cause of Evolution not accepted by Huxley, [121–128];
Extracts from Letters showing Difficulty with which Natural Selection was Understood, [145], et seq.;
on Spontaneous Generation, [108], [159];
and Bastian, [160];
his Later Works, [161];
his Theory of Pangenesis, [163], et seq.;
Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, Outline of the Book, [163];
on Sexual and Asexual Reproductions, [164], et seq.;
Extracts from Letters to Friends on Pangenesis, [178], et seq.;
“The Descent of Man,” [186];
“The Expression of the Emotions,” [189];
“Volcanic Islands,” [190];
“South America,” [190];
“The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms,” [191];
his Life of Erasmus Darwin, [192];
“Fertilisation of Orchids,” [193];
Cross- and Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom, [194];
Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of Same Species, [194];
Climbing Plants, [196];
“Power of Movement in Plants,” [197];
“Insectivorous Plants,” [198];
Letters to Prof. Meldola, [199], et seq.;
his Last Illness, [219];
and Death, [220]
Darwin, Erasmus, Brother of Charles, [11]
Darwin, Erasmus, Grandfather of Charles, [10], [192]
Darwin, Prof. George, Brother of Charles, [11]
Darwin, Robert Waring, Father of Charles, [10];
Profession and Character, [10];
his Dislike to the “Beagle” Expedition, [21–22];
Death of, [41]
Darwin Medal of the Royal Society awarded to Huxley, The, [140]
Darwinism not Evolution, Huxley’s Speeches, [139–141]
Deposits, Oceanic, [55]
Descent of Man, The, [186]
Development, [166], [171]
Dixey, Dr. F. A., Paper on Mimicry, [214]
Domestication, Variation by, of Animals and Plants, [115], [161], et seq.;
of Animals, [75]
Down, Darwin’s Home at, [35]
Drosera and Other Insectivorous Plants, [198]
Earthworms, [191];
Castings of, [191];
Papers on the, [31]
Edinburgh, Darwin studying for Medicine at, [17]
“Emotions, The Expression of the,” [189], [190]
Evolution, First Recorded Thoughts upon, [28];
Natural Selection as a Cause not accepted by Huxley, [121], et seq.;
the Argument for, [100];
supported by Huxley, [121];
Huxley agrees with Darwin, [121], et seq.;
Discussion at Meeting of the British Association, [82], [138];
not Darwinism, [139–141]
“Expression of the Emotions, The,” [189], [190]
Extinction, [43–45]
Fertilisation of Germ Cells, [165];
“of Orchids, The,” [193];
of Flowers by Insects, [193];
Effects of Cross- and Self-, [194]
Fitzroy, Capt., of the “Beagle,” [21], [22]
Flowers, The Fertilisation of, by Insects, [193];
Effects of Cross- and Self-Fertilisation compared, [194];
Different Forms on the same Plant, [195]
Flustra, Darwin’s Discovery of the Free-Swimming Larvæ of, [18]
Forbes, Edward, and the Atlantis Hypothesis, [53]
“Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms, The,” [191]
Fox, W. Darwin, [19]
Galapagos Archipelago, The Animals, etc., of the, [26], [27], [42]
Galton, F., [184]
Geikie, James, [190]
Geological Society, The, Darwin appointed Secretary, [29];
Papers on the Earthworms, [31]
Geology of the Voyage of the “Beagle,” [35]
Glacial Phenomena, Darwin’s Paper upon, [33]
Graft-Hybrids, [166]
Grafting, Production of Hybrids by, [168]
Gray, Asa, Darwin’s Correspondence with, [51], [55], [107], [181], [184];
his Influence upon, [112];
Darwin’s Controversy with, [114–118]
Gray, Dr., [146], [149]
Henslow, Prof., Friendship with Darwin, [18–21]
Herbert, J. M., on Darwin’s Character, [19], [20]
Hereditary Genius, Evidences in the Darwin Family, [10], [11]
Heredity, Theories of, [167], [174]
Hermaphroditism, [175]
Holmes, Dr. Oliver Wendell, his References to Darwin, [9];
his Correction of Darwin, [9]
Hooker, Sir Joseph, [37], [48];
Darwin’s Letters to, on Species-mongers, [39–40];
Darwin’s Opinion of, [48];
Friendship and Correspondence with Darwin, [50];
Lyell’s Correspondence with, as to Specific Centres, [57];
Darwin’s Influence upon, [110], et seq.;
awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society, [111];
and Darwin, [146];
Darwin Writing on Pangenesis, [181], [182]
Huxley, Prof., Criticisms of Darwin’s Theory, [46], [48];
on Teleology, [113];
Darwin’s Influence upon, [119–143];
agrees with Darwin on Evolution, [121];
Views on Natural Selection, [121], [124], [126], [138];
Article in the Times on the Origin of Species, [124];
his Article in the Westminster Review, [125];
Lectures on the Causes of the Phenomena of Organic Nature, [128], [142];
Views as to Natural Selection not changed, [137], [138];
Speech at the British Association Meeting at Oxford, [139];
awarded the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society, [140];
Darwinism, not Evolution, [140], [141];
and the Bishop of Oxford, [155]
Hybrid Grafts, [166]
Hybridism, [175], [176]
Hybrids, Tendency to Resemble one Parent, [171];
Sterility of, [171];
Produced by Grafting, [168]
Hypothesis and Speculation, Bearing on Science, [14], [15]
Inheritance, The Theories of, [167], [174]
Insectivorous Plants, [198]
Instinctive Knowledge in Animals denied by Darwin, [216]
Jenkin, Fleming, [81]
Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution, [99];
Comparison with Darwin’s, [148], [150]
Lankester, Prof. E. Ray, [99], [184]
Linnean Society, Joint Memoirs by Darwin and Wallace, read before, [65], et seq.
Lowe, Robert, [150]
Lyell, Sir Charles, Influence on Darwin, [29], [30], [51];
and Continental Extensions, [53];
and Hooker’s Agreement on the Specific Centres Theory, [57];
Darwin’s Appeal to, on the Natural Selection, [97];
Influence of Darwin upon, [105];
Accepts Darwin’s Views, [108], [109];
Death of, [109];
Darwin’s Letter on Pangenesis, [181]
Lythrum, Different Forms of Flowers on the, [195]
Macleay, W. S., [150]
Malthus on Population, its Influence on Darwin, [46];
and on Wallace, [88], [89]
Man, The Descent of, [186]
Meldola, Prof., on Systematic Work, [37];
and Darwin, [199], et seq.
Metamorphosis, [171]
Mimetic Resemblance, [202]
Mimicry, [202], [204];
Bates’ Theory, [212];
Fritz Müller’s Theory, [212];
Dixey’s paper on, [214]
Müller, Fritz, Darwin’s Letters to, [181], [183];
on Mimicry, [212–214];
his Paper Translated, [213]
Murray, Andrew, [152]
Murray, Dr. John, Controversy as to the Origin of Coral Reefs, [33]
Naming of Species, Darwin on the, [39], [40]
Natural Selection, Early Impressions on Darwin, [30], [45], [46];
Survival of the Fittest, [56];
Specific Centres, [57];
Darwin’s Paper on, [65];
Theory of, [68–70];
Wallace’s Discovery of, [88–91];
Lord Salisbury’s Attack on, [82], [138];
Canon Tristram, the First Publicly to Accept the Theory, [92–94];
Argument for, [100–103];
Huxley not convinced as to Sufficiency of the Evidence of, [121], [123], [124], [126];
as the Highest Attempt to Account for Evolution, [129];
Huxley’s Description of the Theory, [136], [137];
H. C. Watson on, [144];
Hostile Criticisms, [144], et seq.;
Why the Term was Chosen, [147]
“Naturalist’s Voyage, A,” Completion of, [30]
Newton, Prof., Speech at the British Association, [153]
Nineteenth Century, The Duke of Argyll’s Article in the, [144]
Orchids, the Fertilisation of, [193]
Origin of Species, Darwin’s Theory of the;
Early Reflections upon, [25–29];
Growth of the Theory, [42];
Separate Creation Theory Inadequate, [42];
Principles of Development, [45];
First Account of Darwin’s Theory, [46];
the Sketch Enlarged, [46];
Profs. Huxley and Newton’s Criticisms, [46], [47];
Divergence of Character, [47], [48];
Competition, [47], [56];
Darwin’s Arrangements for the Publication in case of his Death, [48];
Darwin and Wallace’s Joint Paper Presented to the Linnean Society, [46], [62];
his Confidence, [48];
Correspondence with Friends, [50];
Immutability of Species denied, [50];
Theory not understood by Naturalists, [55];
the Polyphyletic Theory, [57];
Specific Centres, [57];
Darwin and Wallace, [60];
their Papers before the Linnean Society, [62–77];
Struggle for Life, [65–77];
Principles of, [68–70];
Comparison of the Joint Memoir, [78], et seq.;
Preparation of the Work on, [95], et seq.;
Interest of Lyell and Hooker in its Publication, [95];
Letters to John Murray, the Publisher, [97];
full Title of the Volume, [98];
Outline of the Book and its Various Editions, [100–104];
its Reception by Lyell, [105];
by Hooker, [111];
by Asa Gray, [112];
and by Huxley, [119];
Huxley’s Article in the Times, [124];
and in the Westminster Review, [125];
Huxley’s high Tribute to Darwin’s Theory, [130];
Difficulty with which Understood, [144], et seq.;
Regarded by Darwin as an Abstract of a Larger Work, [162]
Osborn, Prof., [79], [80]
Oxford, the Bishop of, and Huxley, [155]
Pangenesis, Darwin’s Hypothesis of, [164], et seq.;
his Confidence in the Theory, [180], et seq.
Parallel Roads of Glen Roy, The, [31]
Parthenogenesis, [164]
Petrels at St. Kilda, West Indian nuts found in, [96]
Plants and Animals, Variation of, under Domestication, [161];
Production of Abnormal Parts, [172];
Separate forms on same Individual, [175];
Different forms of Flowers on the same Species, [194];
Climbing, [196];
Power of Movements in, [197];
Insectivorous, [198]
Pollen, Fertilisation of Ovule, [166]
“Power of Movements in Plants, The,” [197]
Protective Mimicry, [203]
Reproduction of an Amputated Limb or part, [170]
Reproduction, Sexual and Asexual, [164], et seq.
Reversion, [167], [175]
Rolleston, Prof., [155], [156]
Romanes, Prof. G. J., [185]
Salisbury, Lord, Speech at the British Association Meeting at Oxford, [82], [83], [138]
Scientific Discoverer, The Qualifications of a, [12]
Seeds, Experiments on the Vitality of, in Salt-Water, [51], [52]
Sedgwick, Prof., Darwin’s Friendship with, [18];
his Excursions with, [20]
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction, [164], et seq.;
Advantages of, [165];
Cross-Fertilisation in Plants, [166];
Characters, [174–177];
Selection Theory, [67], [188], et seq.;
rejected by Wallace, [188];
Darwin’s Letter to Meldola, [201]
Shrewsbury, Darwin’s Birthplace, [9];
and School-life at, [16];
Re-visited, [25]
“South America,” [190]
South America, Some Observations on the Geology of, [26]
Species, New, The Origin of, [56], et seq.;
“Species not Transmutable,” Dr. Bree’s Book, [149]
Species-mongers, Darwin’s Dislike of, [39], [40]
Speculation and Hypothesis, [14], [15]
Spencer, Herbert, Term of Survival of the Fittest, [148]
Spontaneous Generation, [108], [159]
Sterility of Hybrids, [171]
Struggle for Existence, The, [65–67], [71–77]
Survival of the Fittest, The, [148]
Teleology, [113], [114]
Ternate, Wallace’s house at, [63]
Times, Huxley’s Article on the Origin of Species in, [124]
Transmutation of Species, [26], [149]
Tristram, Canon, [92–94];
Paper on Ornithology of Northern Africa, [92]
Tuckwell, Rev. W., [155]
Turkeys, Experimenting upon with Distasteful Caterpillars, [216]
Tyndall, Prof., [157]
Use and Disuse, The Inherited Effects of, [167], [179]
Variability, [167], [173]
Variation, of Organic Being, Darwin’s Papers upon, [65];
Wallace’s Paper on, [71], et seq.;
and Selection Relative Importance of, [96];
Under Domestication, [115], [161]
Varieties, Departure from the Original Type, [71–77]
“Volcanic Islands,” [190]
Wallace, Alfred Russel, and Darwin’s Joint Paper Presented to Linnean Society, [46], [62];
and Darwin, [53], [60–64], [81–86], [134];
Paper Published on the Law Regulating new Species, [60];
Essays on Variations from Original Type, [61], [71–77];
house at Ternate, [63];
Comparison of the Joint Memoir, [78–86];
his Discovery of Natural Selection, [87–91];
Darwin’s Letter on Bastian’s Theory of Archebiosis, [160];
Darwin’s Letter to, on Pangenesis, [182]
Watson, H. C., [144]
Wedgwood, Josiah, [18]
Weismann, Prof., on Germ-Plasm, [179];
“Studies in the Theory of Descent,” Meldola’s Translation, [205–210]
Westminster Review, Huxley’s Article on Origin of Species in, [125]
Wilberforce, Bishop, [149]
Zoology of the Voyage of the “Beagle,” The, [31]

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Transcriber’s Note

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

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