Plan of the Roman Thermæ, from a Drawing taken from the walls of the Baths of Titus. [(Page 22.)]
a. The Frigidarium, or cool room. b. The Tepidarium, or room of middle temperature. c. The Calidarium, sudatorium, or concamerata sudatio; around this apartment are seen several ranges of platforms of marble. d. A vaulted stove, covered by an arched cover, clipeus: this stove gave additional heat to the part of the room wherein it was situated, and constituted the Laconicum. e. The Lavatorium or Balneum; there are marble platforms in this apartment, and in its centre is an open bath, called, from its large everted lip upon which the bather sat, labrum. g g. The Hypocaustum. h. The room in which the water is stored and heated. In the uppermost vase the water is cold, as is indicated by the absence of fire beneath it. In the second vase the water is warm, being placed at a considerable height above the fire. In the lowest vase the water is hot. i. The Elaiothesium, or anointing room, from which the bather passes to the Vestiarium or Spoliatorium.
The Hypocaustum of the Roman Bath at Chester. [(Page 31.)]
In the foreground are seen three of the short pillars or pilæ, with square shafts and expanded heads and bases. Between these more distant pilæ are visible, seemingly arranged in rows. The floor on which the burning embers lay is uneven; while the roof, which is the under part of the floor of the bath, exhibits evidences of the corroding action of the fire. The Hypocaustum, in the Roman Thermæ, occupied the whole of the under surface of the Calidarium, and the ruins bear evidence of the use of fires of prodigious extent.
Mr. George Witt's Bath; the Calidarium. [(Page 53.)]
a. The entrance door. b. A small window looking into the Frigidarium; a gas lamp, for use at night, is seen through the pane. c. A thick plate of glass in the outer wall, for admitting light. d d. Ventilating holes; the lower one is furnished with a wooden plug. e. The masonry which encloses the furnace. f. The flue, proceeding from the furnace along the side of the room. g g. The flue crossing the end of the room. h. The flue returning along the opposite side of the room. i. The ascending flue. k. The flue crossing above the furnace, and then ascending, l l, the angle of the room, to terminate in the chimney. f g g h, support a wooden seat, on which the bathers sit; along the front of this seat, as at f, h, are perforated tiles and spaces, which give passage to the heated air. m. The warm water tank. n n. A platform, which also serves as a seat; the feet resting on the step o o. p p. The dureta; the letters are placed on the feet of the couch. The floor is tesselated; and on the seat are seen two wooden basins, containing soap and a bunch of lyf.
