(10.) It will be the duty of the Chaplain and Prison Minister to see each prisoner individually from time to time during his detention and to promote the reformation of those under their spiritual charge. Divine Service will be held weekly in the Prison, and there will be in addition such Mission Services, lectures and addresses on religious, moral and secular subjects as may be arranged.
(11.) Prisoners shall receive the diets which the Directors may prescribe from time to time.
(12.) Prisoners will be allowed to write and receive a letter and to receive a visit at fixed intervals according to their Grade.
(13.) The Board of Visitors appointed by the Secretary of State under Section 13 (4) of the Prevention of Crime Act, 1908, shall hold office for three years. Their powers shall not be affected by vacancies. The Secretary of State shall, as soon as possible, fill any vacancy by making a new appointment. At their first meeting they shall appoint a Chairman. One or more of them shall visit the Prison once a month, and they shall meet as a Board as often as possible. They shall hear and adjudicate on such offences on the part of prisoners as may be referred to them by the Directors, and they shall investigate any complaint which a prisoner may desire to make to them, and, if necessary, report the same to the Directors with their opinion. They shall have free access to every part of the Prison and may see any prisoner in private, inspect the diets and examine any of the books. They shall bring any abuses to the immediate notice of the Directors, and in cases of urgency they may make recommendations in writing which the Governor shall carry out pending the decision of the Directors. They shall keep minutes of their proceedings, and make an annual report to the Secretary of State at the beginning of each year.
(14.) The Committee appointed under Section 14 (4) of the said Act shall meet once a quarter, and shall forward to the Directors such reports as may be required for their assistance in advising the Secretary of State as to the prospects and probable behaviour of prisoners after discharge.
(15.) Any person whose licence has been revoked or forfeited may on his return to Prison be placed and kept in the Disciplinary Grade for such length of time as the Board of Visitors shall think necessary.
THE ENGLISH PRISON SYSTEM.
Aged convicts, [41]
Ages of prisoners received on conviction, [221]
Aid-on-discharge (see 'Borstal,' and 'Central' Associations and Discharged Prisoners' Aid Societies), [164]
Alcoholism and crime, [160], [211]
America, visits to, [25], [62], [64], [91]
Appeal, Court of Criminal, [21]
Auburn and Philadelphian Systems, [24], [63]
Australia, Transportation to, [27], [31]
Aylesbury Borstal Institution, [118]
Baker, Dr., Inquiry at Pentonville as to young offenders, [86]
Bedford, Adeline, Duchess of, [117]
Bermuda, convicts at, [27]
Birmingham, Discharged Prisoners' Aid Society, [166]
Birmingham Juvenile Court, [102]
Board, Prison—Constitution of, [18], [46]
Borstal Association, [92], [95], [118], [182]
Borstal Committees at Local Prisons, [96]
Borstal System, [11], [85], [194], [214]
" " and age of criminal majority, [87]
" " its aims, [11], [83], [98]
" " origin of name, [85], [92]
" " early stages, [91]
" " statutory effect given to, [94]
" " since the Act of 1908, [94]
" " and the Act of 1914, [100], [121]
" " the "Modified", [96], [119], [127]
" " for young women, [118]
" " for young convicts, [41], [97], [118]
" " regulations for, [231]
" " remarks of Lord Chief Justice, [95]
" " statistics of 'after-care', [95], [117], [119]
" " labour of inmates, [141]
Branthwaite, Dr., Inquiry into cases of inebriety, [160]
Camp Hill Prison, [52]
Cantine System, [165]
Cells, Certification of, [64], [68]
Census of convict population, 1901, [49]
" prisoners fit for Hard Labour, [132]
" " between the ages of 16 and 21, [85]
Central Association for aid of discharged convicts, [54], [56], [174], [182]
Central Control Board (Liquor Traffic), [225]
Central Discharged Prisoners' Aid Society, [179]
Centralization of authority, [69]
Chaplains of Prisons, [5], [129]
Children Act, 1908, [101]
Classification (Convict) Inquiry of 1878, [37]
" " present, [40]
" " "Star" Class, [37], [40]
" (Local) Under the Act of 1823, [62]
" " " " 1877, [71]
" " " " 1898, [78]
" " " " 1914, [83]
Cockburn, Lord Justice, [31], [89]
Commission, Royal, 1863, [30], [34], [43]
" " 1879, [37], [41]
Commissioners of Prisons, The, [18]
Committals to Prison since 1881, [219]
Committee on Prisons, 1832 and 1836, [63]
" " 1850, [65], [67]
" " 1863, [67]
" " 1895, Habitual criminals, [39]
" " " separate confinement, [42]
" " " Weakminded convicts, [42]
" " " Local prisons, [75]
" " " prisoners [16]-21, [76], [86]
" " " prison labour, [136]
" " " and discharged prisoners, [76]
Committees, Visiting &c., [32], [46], [53], [70], [123]
"Conditional conviction", [107]
Convict Prisons, [18], [131]
Corporal Punishment, [34], [47], [70], [80]
Correction, Houses of, [59]
Courts, The Criminal, and their punishments, [19]
Cranks and treadwheels, [67], [77], [134], [137]
Crawford, Mr. W., Inspector of Prisons, [25], [62]
Crime and its causes, [200]
Crime, Prevention of, Act of 1908, [51], [82], [94]
Crimes, Prevention of, Act of 1871, [36]
Criminal Appeal, Court of, [21]
"Criminal Diathesis,", [203]
Criminal Justice Administration Act, 1914, [20], [82]
" " " changes under, [82]
" " " and Borstal System, [100], [121]
" " " decrease in committals, [20], [224]
Criminal, (clinical), laboratories, [195]
Criminal Statistics, 1872 to 1914, [216]
Criminal type, The, [203]
Criminological Inquiry in English Prisons, [198]
Death penalty, The, [21]
Death-rate in Prisons, [186]
Debating classes in prisons, [8], [128]
Defective children, [105]
Defectiveness, mental, (See 'Mental')
"Detention, Places of" for Juveniles, [102]
Dietaries, Prison, [145], [188]
Directors of Convict Prisons, The, [18]
Discipline, Progressive Reformatory, and Sir J. Jebb, [29]
Discharged Prisoners' Aid Societies, early history, [165]
" " " " under Act of 1877, [167]
" " " " Conference of 1878, [169]
" " " " and co-ordination of effort, [15]
" " " " scheme of 1896, [171]
" " " " " 1913, [175]
" " " " Central Committee of, [178]
(See also "Borstal Association" and "Central Association")
Dover Harbour, last Public Works, [13]
Drunkenness, Habitual, (See also 'Alcoholism' and 'Inebriety'), [154]
" " statistics of, [115], [225]
Du Cane, Sir E., [71], [73], [75]
Earnings of prisoners, [138]
Economy in administration, [73]
Education in prisons, [6], [121]
Elementary Education (Defective & Epileptic Children) Acts 1899 & 1914, [105], [106]
Elmira State Reformatory, [91]
Employment of prisoners (See 'Labour')
Female prison population, statistics, [114], [223]
" " " and recidivism, [115], [122]
" convicts, [47]
" prisoners in Preventive Detention, [58]
" " superintendence by female staff, &c., [114], [122]
" under the Borstal System, [118]
Fines, committals in default of payment, [20], [224]
" release on part-payment, [79], [82]
" 'supervision' until payment, [82]
First Division prisoners, [71], [78]
Gibraltar Prison, [27]
Gloucester Refuge for discharged prisoners, [166]
Goring, Dr. Chas. "A Criminological Inquiry", [198]
Grant-Wison, Sir W., [92], [174]
Gratuities, prisoners'—early convict system, [27]
" high rate of, condemned, [31]
" maximum earnable reduced to £3, [36]
" English & continental systems, [165]
" abolition of in Local Prisons, [175]
" retained for certain classes, [180]
Habitual Criminals Act, 1869, [36]
Habitual Inebriates (see 'Inebriety')
Habitual Offenders Division, proposed, [39], [50]
Hard Labour, definition of phrase, [60], [66], [134]
" and Committee of 1863, [67]
" and the cellular system, [66]
" provisions of Act of 1865, [68],[134]
" " " 1877, [70]
" present methods of enforcing, [77]
" and the Act of 1914, [83]
Heredity and environment, [209]
Holloway Prison, [114]
Hospital Staff of Prisons, [197]
Howard, John, [23], [60], [62]
Hulks, The, [26]
Indeterminate sentence, the, [55]
Individualization of prisoners, [75], [93]
Industrial labour in Prisons, [136]
" prosperity and criminal statistics, [160]
Inebriety, Committee of 1872, [154]
" Act of 1879, [155]
" Home Office Inquiry, 1892, [155]
" Act of 1898, [155], [157]
" Types of inmates in Certified Reformatories, [156]
" Infrequent use of Act of 1898, [158]
" Committee of 1908, [158], [162]
" Mental state of inmates, [161]
" Alcohol as a factor in crime, [160]
" Analysis of 1,000 cases of, [160]
(See also 'Drunkenness')
Infectious disease in prisons, [186]
Intermediate Class in Convict Prisons, [40]
Irish System, The (1854), [30], [33]
Jebb, Sir Joshua, [29]
Justices, Visiting, [70]
Juvenile-Adult prisoners (see "Borstal")
Juvenile Courts, [102]
" Labour Bureaux and Exchanges, [106]
" Offenders, commitment of, [101]
" " statistics of committals, [220]
Labour, Prison, The Act of 1865, [68], [134]
" " Recent changes, [138]
" " Prior to Act of 1877, [131]
" " and the inquiry of 1894, [136]
" " revision of labour statistics, [137]
" " increase in output, [139]
" " Public Works, [26], [35], [131]
" " Juvenile-Adults, [140]
Labour, Prison, in Convict Prisons, [131]
" " in Local Prisons, [133]
" " during the Great War, [140]
Lectures and addresses, [6], [128]
Libraries, prison, [127]
Licensing system for convicts, [34], [38], [54]
Local Prisons, [18], [59]
Lombroso, Professor, [199]
London Prison Visitor's Association, [92]
Long Sentence Division, [41]
Mark System, in Convict Prisons, [31], [34]
" " in Local Prisons, [81]
Mechanical tasks in Prisons, [68], [72], [137]
Medical Officers of Prisons, [185]
Mental defectiveness and crime co-operation between Justices and Police, [16], [193]
Mental defectiveness and inebriety, [161]
" " duties of prison medical officers, [185]
" " special prisons for cases of, [190]
" " in prison, estimate of, [191], [207]
" " The Mental Deficiency Act, 1913, [16], [105], [192], [215]
" " Sir G. Newman, and prevention of, [196]
" " Commission on Care and Control of Feeble-minded, [190], [207]
" " Dr. Goring's Inquiry, [207]
Merxplas, Labour Colony at, [148]
Metropolitan Asylums Board and Casual Wards, [151]
Mettray Agricultural Colony, [90]
Millbank Prison, [44], [62]
Misdemeanants, First Class, [71], [78]
Moral and religious influences in prisons, [8], [127]
National Society for Prevention of Crime, [15], [180]
New South Wales, Transportation to, [24]
New York, State Probation Commission, [113]
'Normal' and 'abnormal' man, [201]
Oakum-picking in prisons, [136]
Offences against the law, [19]
Officers of Prisons, [10], [197]
'Panopticon' (J. Bentham), [62]
Parkhurst Prison for young offenders, [88]
Part-payment of fines, [79], [82]
Patronage (See 'Discharged Prisoners' Aid Societies')
Pearson, Professor Karl, [198]
Pécule System, [165]
Penal Servitude: changes in System since 1894, [39]
" " Act of 1853, [28]
" " " 1857, [28]
" " " 1864, [34]
" " " 1891, [38], [39]
" " " 1898, [46]
" " decrease in committals, [38], [219], [230]
" Reformatories for young offenders, [87]
Pentonville Prison, [25], [26], [64], [65]
Philadelphian and Auburn Systems, [24], [63]
Philanthropic Association, [88]
Physical criminal type, [203]
Police Supervision, [20], [33]
Population, prison-fall in (See also 'Statistics'), [46], [73], [114], [219], [223]
Positive School of Criminology, [199]
Prevention of Crimes Act, 1871, [36]
Prevention of Crime Act, 1908, [51], [82], [94]
Preventive Detention: the Advisory Committee, [54], [55]
" " conditional release, [54]
" " definition of, [49], [57]
" " extension to penal servitude system, [14]
" " objects of, [12], [51], [52]
" " Memo, explanatory of Act of 1908, [51]
" " 'parole' lines, [53]
" " rules for, [53], [265]
" " statistics of men discharged, [54]
Prison Act 1778, [23], [24], [61]
" " 1781, [61]
" " 1823, [62]
" " 1824, [25]
" " 1835, [59], [66]
" " 1839, [64]
" " 1844, [66]
" " 1865, [67], [134]
" " 1877, [18], [69], [136]
" " 1898, [46], [78]
Prison Commission, The, [18]
Prisons, &c. description of, [18], [60]
Prisons Reform, meaning of, [1]
" " in the future, [12]
Probation, Act of 1887, and Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1879, [110]
" " 1907, [21], [111]
" New York State Probation Commission, [112]
" indispensable to criminal justice, [113]
" English and Foreign systems, [107]
" national system of, [13]
" statistics of, [111]
Professional criminals, [49], [50]
Progressive Stage System, [28], [34], [39]
Punishments for prison offences (See also 'Corporal Punishment'), [34], [47], [68], [70]
Public Works, [26], [35], [131]
Recidivism, statistics of, &c., [115], [183], [221], [229]
Recidivist class in convict prisons, [41], [57], [230]
Reform, prison, [1]
Reformatory Schools Act, 1854, [89]
Remission of sentence, [38], [81]
Reporting to police, [36], [38]
Rules for the government of Prisons, [66], [67], [71], [78]
Sanitary condition of prisons, [186]
Second Division prisoners, [38]
Secondary Punishments, [36]
Sentences to penal servitude, decrease in number, [38]
" " " increase after Act of 1871, [36]
" " " minimum term reduced, [31], [38]
Separate Confinement—and Pentonville Prison, [25], [26], [64]
" " Reports of Commissioners of Pentonville, [26], [64]
" " History of, [42]
" " present terms for convicts, [46]
'Separate' and 'Silent' Systems, [24], [63]
Short sentences, [73], [83], [224]
Silence, the law of, [7]
'Special' class of convicts, [40]
Spike Island, [29]
Staff of Prisons, [10], [197]
Stages, Progressive, [28], [34], [39]
'Star' Class, [37], [40]
State, transfer of prisons to, [18], [69], [71]
Statistics, Criminal, Comparison of 1872-1914, [216]
" showing committals of young offenders since 1848, [220]
" prison, during the Great War, and since, [223]
" " in times of industrial prosperity, [160], [226]
" " decrease in recidivism, [183], [222], [229]
Stipendiary Magistrates, [20]
Stretton Colony for young offenders, [87]
Study-leave for Medical Officers, [196]
Study in prison, facilities for, [8]
Summary Jurisdiction, Courts of, [20]
Supervision of young offenders, [82]
"Sursis," law of, [107], [112]
Surveyor-General of Prisons, [66]
Talking in prisons, [7]
"Temporary Refuge for distressed criminals", [165]
Ticket-of-leave (See also 'Licensing'), [26], [28], [33]
Transportation, history of, [23]
Travaux forces and Hard Labour, [30]
Treadwheels and cranks, [67], [77], [134], [137]
Triple Division of offenders in Local Prisons, [78]
Tubercular disease in prisons, [187]
Uniformity of system, [66], [67], [69], [72]
Unconvicted prisoners, [71], [194]
Vagrancy, early history of, [142]
" the Act of 1824, [20], [142]
" "Begging and Sleeping-out", [143]
" and Labour Colonies, [148]
" Colony at Merxplas, [148]
" and Way-ticket system, [150]
" and Casual Wards, [144], [151]
" Committee of 1906, [147]
" incorrigible rogues, [143]
" Previous convictions and statistics, [149], [153], [222]
Van Dieman's Land, [24], [27]
Visitors, Boards of, [46]
Visiting Committees of Prisons &c., [32], [53], [70], [123]
Wakefield Industrial Home, [166]
War, criminal statistics and the, [223]
" employment of prisoners, [140]
" closing of prisons during, [227]
Weakminded prisoners (See 'Mental Defectiveness')
Whipping, [20]
Works, Public, [26], [35], [131]
Young Offenders, alternatives to committal to prison, [101], [109]
" " at Parkhurst, [88]
" " decrease in commitments to prison, [220]
" " concentration of effort upon, [76], [106]
" " supervision until fine is paid, [82]
" " under sixteen years of age, [20], [101]
(See also under "Borstal" and "Juvenile")