seven strings tuned alternately to the tonic and dominant, which beaten with a stick make a drone bass to the pipe. It has the attractively savage name of toon-toona, an imitative word like tom-tom; the galoubet is called the cherula.
From a French cyclopædia I learn that in Provence the taborer’s art was a secret passed on from father to son, a mystery they refused to teach for money. They appeared to hold the patriotic opinion that the art of playing the galoubet, or as they call it, the flûtet, has never spread from Provence because of its extreme difficulty. This has been a comfort to me in my attempts to play the pipe and tabor.
APPENDIX I
DRAWINGS AND CARVINGS OF PIPERS
At the risk of being tedious in the way of repetition I have thought it worth while to put together a rough list of the illustrations of pipe and tabor which I have met with.
The earliest representation of a player on the 3-holed pipe, of which I have any knowledge, is the beautiful figure in the Angel Choir at Lincoln. Its date is, I believe, 1270, and it has been injured so that it is not possible to be sure of the manner in which the pipe is held. The tabor is suspended by means of a string round the neck.
The most careful representation of our instrument is that by Luca della Robbia, figured at p. 102, in which what I call the correct grip is given.
In Pierpoint Morgan’s Catalogue of Early Printed Books, Vol II., p. 118, are some illustrations from Gafori, 1492. The pipe is quite incorrectly held, more than two fingers being employed while the thumb is free.
Ibid., Vol III., p. 82. In a figure from Pierre Michaud’s Dance des Aveugles, 1485, the pipe has four instead of two holes on the upper surface.
Ibid., Vol III., p. 86. The pipe is incorrect, the holes being too far from the lower end of the instrument; the hand is wrongly given according to our standards, the little finger being flourished in the air. The tabor is suspended from the hand as in the English style, and is struck on the snare side.
In Kemp’s Nine Daies Wonder (see above p. 102) the drawing of the pipe is not instructive.