[85] See my book, Rustic Sounds, 1917, where the pipe and tabor are more fully treated.
[87] A curious rustic shawm which survived in Oxfordshire until modern times is the Whithorn or May Horn. It was made by a strip of bark twisted into a conical tube fixed together with hawthorn prickles and sounded by a reed made of the green bark of the young willow. The instruments were made every year for the Whit Monday hunt which took place in the forest.
[88] They were also known as wayte pipes, after the watchmen (waytes) who played on them.
[89a] It is believed to have given its name to the well-known dance.
[89b] Galpin, p. 172.
[90] A straight horn, however, existed.
[91] So spelled, in order to distinguish it from the cornet à piston, once so popular.
[92] Mr Dolmetsch, op. cit., p. 459, says that the serpent “was still common in French churches about the middle of the nineteenth century; and although, as a rule, the players had no great skill, those who have heard its tone combined with deep men’s voices in plain-song melodies, know that no other wind or string instrument has efficiently replaced it.”
[94a] No specimen of the true portative is known to be in existence (Galpin, p. 228).
[94b] Rustic Sounds, p. 197.