CHAPTER XIV

The Story of the Mountains

Interest of study—Kashmir under the sea—100,000,000 years ago—Kashmir an archipelago—Finally upheaved—Cause of upheaval—History of life—At first no land life—Ferns—The Coal Measures—Great reptiles—Mammals—Kashmir valley a lake—Appearance of man—Reflections on the story—Need to look forward—Creating higher man[251]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

By MAJOR E. MOLYNEUX, D.S.O.

PAGE
1.Wild Rhododendrons[Frontispiece]
2.Approach to Srinagar [2]
3.The Land of Roses [4]
4.Mouth of the Sind Valley [6]
5.Sunset on the Wular Lake [8]
6.Dawn in the Nulla [10]
7.Kotwal from the Forest above Kangan, Sind Valley [12]
8.Above the Camping-Ground, Sonamarg, Sind Valley [14]
9.The Kajnag from Sopur, Early Spring [16]
10.Kotwal from near the Dal Darwaza [18]
11.The Lull before the Storm, Dal Lake [20]
12.Above Lidarwat, Lidar Valley [22]
13.Sunset on the Jhelum, above Srinagar [24]
14.Spring in Kashmir [26]
15.On the Dal Lake in Spring [28]
16.Entrance to the Mar Canal [32]
17.The Temple, Chenar Bagh [34]
18.Ruins of Lalla Rookh's Gardens, Lake Manasbal [36]
19.A Ladaki in Summer Costume[52]
20.The Valley of Gurais [62]
21.Market Boats on the Mar Canal, Srinagar [64]
22.Above the Fifth Bridge, Srinagar [66]
23.Shawl Merchants' Shops, Third Bridge, Srinagar [68]
24.Mosque of Shah Hamadan, Srinagar [70]
25.A Hindu Temple, Srinagar [72]
26.In the Mar Canal, Srinagar [74]
27.Guggribal Pointe on the Dal Lake [76]
28.Lotus Lilies on the Dal Lake [78]
29.Shalimar Gardens [80]
30.The Nishat Bagh [82]
31.A Terrace of the Nishat Bagh [84]
32.The Residency and Club, Srinagar [88]
33.The Takht-i-Suliman, from the Residency Garden [94]
34.On the Circular Road, Gulmarg [100]
35.In the Forest [102]
36.From the Circular Road, Gulmarg [104]
37.Gorge of the Sind Valley at Guggangir [108]
38.The Frozen Lake, Gangabal [110]
39.Early Morning near Pahlgam, Lidar Valley [112]
40.The Ruins of Martand [114]
41.A Srinagar Bazaar [116]
42.A Corner of the Village of Pahlgam, Lidar Valley [128]
43.A Mountain Farm-House [130]
44.A Boatman and his Family [132]
45.Ruins of Temples, Wangat, Sind Valley [134]
46.Ruined Gateway of Martand [136]
47.Ruined Temples of Avantipur[138]
48.Gate of the Outer Wall, Hari Parbat Fort, Srinagar [156]
49.At the River's Edge, Srinagar [160]
50.Lalla Rookh's Tomb, Hassan Abdal [162]
51.Bridge of Burbur Shah, Chenar Bagh, Srinagar [164]
52.Spring Floods in the Kutical Canal, Srinagar [166]
53.Looking down the Gurais Valley, from Dudhgai Village [168]
54.Akbar's Bridge, Karallayar [174]
55.The Camping-Ground at Lidarwat [198]
56.A Wayside Shrine [202]
57.Evening on the Dal Lake [210]
58.Mount Haramokh, from the Erin Nullah [238]
59.A Mountain Glen, before the Melting of the Snows [240]
60.Lake Shisha Nag, Lidar Valley [244]
61.Distant View of Nanga Parbat, from the Kamri Pass [246]
62.Mount Kolahoi, Lidar Valley [248]
63.Rampur, Jhelum Valley Road [252]
64.In the Sind Valley [254]
65.Lake Shisha Nag at Sunset [258]
66.The Tannin Glen, Lidar Valley [260]
67.Going to the Wedding, Upper Indus Valley [262]
68.Mountain Mists [264]
69.Near the Kolahoi Glacier, Lidar Valley [266]
70.Lake Sinsa Nag, Lidar Valley [270]

Sketch Map of Kashmir at end of Volume.

KASHMIR