2.The Oldest Known Ships. About 6000 b.c.[10]
  3.Egyptian Boat of the Time of the Third Dynasty[11]
†4.Egyptian Boat of the Time of the Fourth Dynasty[13]
*5.Nile Barge carrying Obelisks. About 1600 b.c.[20]
  6.Battleship of Ramses III. About 1200 b.c.[24]
  7.Portion of a Phœnician Galley. About 700 b.c. From Kouyunjik (Nineveh)[27]
  8.Greek Unireme. About 500 b.c.[30]
  9.Greek Bireme. About 500 b.c.[31]
  10.Fragment of a Greek Galley showing absence of Deck. About 550 b.c.[32]
  11.Galley showing Deck and Superstructure. About 600 b.c. From an Etruscan imitation of a Greek vase[34]
  12.Greek Merchant-ship. About 500 b.c.[39]
  13.Roman Merchant-ship[40]
†14.Probable Arrangement of Oar-ports in Ancient Galleys[48]
  15.Suggested Arrangement of Oar-ports in an Octoreme[48]
  16.Roman Galley. About 110 a.d[49]
  17.Liburnian Galley. Conjectural Restoration[50]
  18.Stem and Stern Ornaments of Galleys[52]
  19.Bow of Ancient War-galley[53]
  20.Bow of Ancient War-galley[54]
  21.Anglo-Saxon Ship. About 900 a.d.[57]
 22-26.Viking Ship[60]
  27.One of William the Conqueror's Ships. 1066 a.d.[66]
†28.Sandwich Seal. 1238[71]
†29.Dover Seal. 1284[72]
†30.Poole Seal. 1325[75]
  31.Venetian Galley. Fourteenth Century[78]
  32.Cross-section of a Venetian Galleon[79]
  33.Venetian Galleon. 1564[80]
  34.Italian Sailing-ship. Fifteenth Century[81]
  35.English Ship. Time of Richard II.[81]
  36.English Ship. Time of Henry VI.[83]
  37.English Ship. Latter Half of Fifteenth Century[86]
  38.Columbus' Ship, the "Santa Maria." 1492[87]
  39.Sail-plan of the "Santa Maria"[88]
  40.Lines of the "Santa Maria"[91]
  41.The "Henry Grace À Dieu." 1514. Pepysian Library, Cambridge[93]
  42.The "Henry Grace À Dieu." After Allen[94]
  43.Genoese Carrack. 1542[96]
  44.Spanish Galleass. 1588[97]
  45.English Man-of-war. About 1588[102]
  46.Venetian Galleass. 1571[103]
  47.The "Prince Royal." 1610[105]
  48.The "Sovereign of the Seas." 1637[109]
  49.The "Royal Charles." 1673[113]
  50.The "Soleil Royal." 1683[115]
  51.The "Hollandia." 1683[116]
  52.British Second-rate. 1665[119]
  53.Midship Section of a Fourth-rate. End of Seventeenth Century[120]
  54.The "Falmouth." East Indiaman. Launched 1752[124]
  55.The "Royal George." 1746[127]
  56.The "Commerce de Marseille. 1792[130]
  57.British First-rate. 1794[132]
  58.British First-rate. 1794[133]
  59.Heavy French Frigate of 1780[134]
  60.Heavy French Frigate of 1780[135]
  61.The "Howe." 1815[136]
  62.Sir Robert Seppings' System of Construction[138]
  63.Sir Robert Seppings' System of Construction [139]
  64.Sir Robert Seppings' System of Construction[140]
  65.The "Waterloo"[141]
  66.The "Queen"[143]
†67.The "Thames." East Indiaman. 1819[144]
†68.The "Thetis." West Indiaman[146]
†69.Free-Trade Barque[148]
‡70.The "Bazaar." American Cotton-ship. 1832[149]
‡71.The "Sir John Franklin." American Transatlantic Sailing-packet. 1840[151]
‡72.The "Ocean Herald." American Clipper. 1855[152]
‡73.The "Great Republic." American Clipper. 1853[154]
  74.Archaic Greek Bireme. About 800 b.c.[158]

The illustrations marked * are published by kind permission of the Committee of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Those marked † are taken from "The History of Merchant Shipping and Ancient Commerce," and were kindly lent by Messrs. Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd. Those marked ‡ are reproduced from "La Marine Française de 1792 à nos jours," by l'Amiral Paris.


ANCIENT AND MODERN SHIPS.

Part I.

WOODEN SAILING-SHIPS.


CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTION.