[84] An exhaustive account of vaccine may be found in the Milroy lectures delivered in 1898 at the Royal College of Physicians by S. Monckton Copeman, M.D.
[85] Crookshank, Bacteriology and Infective Diseases; Virchow, The Huxley Lecture, 1898.
[86] To shorten this period Dr. Cartwright Wood has adopted a plan by which time may be saved, and 200 cc. injected say within the first two or three weeks. This is accomplished by using a "serum toxin" (containing albumoses, but not ferments) previously to the broth toxin, an ingenious method which we cannot enter into here.
[87] At the conclusion of the operation the cannula is removed from the jugular vein, and the wound is closed by the valvular character of the slit in the skin and vein and the elasticity of the wall of the vein. No stitching or dressing is required. Indeed, it is striking to observe in the horse an entire absence of pain throughout the proceedings.
[88] The term unit is used as a standard measurement. This means the amount of antitoxin which will just neutralise ten times the minimum fatal dose of the toxin in a guinea-pig (250 grams toxin to kill on the fourth day). If 1 cc. of the antitoxic serum is required for this, one unit is contained in 1 cc.; if 0.01 cc. is sufficient, then 100 units are contained in the cc. Not less than 1500 units should be administered for a dose, and repeated every twelve hours. In severe cases two or three times this amount may be given.
[89] The value of antitoxin treatment in diphtheria is discussed in the Brit. Med. Jour., 1899, pp. 197 and 268, by E. W. Goodall, M.D.
[90] A detailed study of tuberculosis from its pathological and bacteriological aspect will be found in La Tuberculose et son Bacille, pt. i., Straus, Professeur à la Faculté de Médecine de Paris.
[91] For differences of virulence between these conditions of pulmonary tubercle see Lingard, Local Government Board Report, 1888, p. 462.
[92] Centralblatt. f. Bact. und Parasit., vol. vii., p. 9.
[93] Animal Tuberculosis, p. 129.