Bacteria / Especially as they are related to the economy of nature, to industrial processes, and to the public health

by Sir George Newman

[108] British Medical Journal, 1898 (April), p. 1013.

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INDEX

• Abscess formation, [296]-301
• Acetous fermentation, [115], [127]
• Actinomycosis, [316]
• Aërobic organisms, [26]
• Agar, [21]
• Air, bacteriology of, [96]-110
• — examination of, [96]-99
• — of sewers, [105]
• — expired, [102]
• — bacteria and gravity, [106]
• — standard of bacteria in, [108]
• — pathogenic bacteria in, [109]
• — passages, bacteria in, [103]
• Alcohol, formation of, [115]
• Alcoholic fermentation, [115], [117]
• Alexines, [249], [268]
• Alformant lamp for disinfection, [334]
• Algæ in water, [53]
• Ammoniacal fermentation, [115]
• Amylolytic ferments, [115]
• Anaërobic organisms, [132]
• — methods of culture, [139]-142
• — in hydrogen, [139], [140]
• — in glucose-agar, [142]
• — in Fränkel's tube, [140]
• — in Buchner's tube, [141]
• Aniline dyes, [44]
• Antagonism of organisms, [33]
• Anthrax, [19], [26], [30], [34], [245]
• — pathology of, [301]
• — spores of, [302]
• — bacillus of, [302]
• Antiseptics, [323], [332]
• — definition of, [322]
• — some of the chief, [332]
• Antitoxins, [245]-250
• — preparation of, [259]
• — use of, [263]
• — unit of, [263]
• Appendix, [337]
• Arthrospores, [17]
• Artificial purification of water, [73]
• Ascospores, [120]
• Asiatic cholera, [65]
• Association of organisms, [31]
• Attenuation of virulence, [36]
  
• Bacillus, definition of, [11]
• — aceti, [34], [129]
• — acidi lactici, [131], [185], [190]
• — amylobacter, [132]
• — anthracis, [26], [31], [34], [110], [301]-305
• — aquatilis, [53]
• — butyricus, [133]
• — coli communis, [32], [56], [58]-62, [64], [67], [86], [88], [108], [151], [194], [237], [299], [315]
• — cyanogenus, [193]
• — diphtheriæ, [201], [212], [244], [289]-296
• — enteriditis sporogenes, [60], [86], [87], [316]
• — erythrosporus, [53]
• — fluorescens liquefaciens, [43], [53], [64], [86]
• — fluorescens non-liquefaciens, [53], [15]
• — of cholera, [65]-69
• — of diarrhœa, [203], [204]
• — of influenza, [315]
• — lactis erythrogenes, [193]
• — lactis pituitosi, [193]
• — lactis viscosus, [193]
• — liquefaciens, [53], [151]
• — of leprosy, [308]-313
• — of glanders (mallei), [299], [319]
• — mesentericus, [86], [151]
• — mycoides, [151]
• — of malignant œdema, [19], [172]
• — No. [41], [219]
• — pasteurianum, [130]
• — of scarlet fever, [202]
• — of symptomatic anthrax, [19], [171], [172]
• — of plague, [306]-308
• Bacillus prodigiosus, [34], [151], [193], [238]
• — pyocyaneus, [7], [34], [64], [110], [299]
• — pyogenes fœtidus, [34]
• — radicicola, [164]
• — saponacei, [193]
• — subtilis, [31], [86], [108]
• — synxanthus, [194]
• — of tetanus, [19], [168]-171
• — termo, [53]
• — of tubercle, [110], [212], [225], [274]-291
• — typhosus, [41], [50], [55]-62, [212]
• — ubiquitous, [53]
• — of yellow fever, [316]
• Bacteria, action of, [26]
• — in sewage, [84]
• — and wheat supply, [161]
• — and fixation of nitrogen, [160]-166
• — in cheese-making, [220]-227
• — in the dairy, [215]-227
• — products of, [240], [241]
• — and disease, [264]-321
• — the higher, [11], [33]
• — in soil, [137]-177
• Bacterial action, [26]
• — treatment of sewage, [90]
• Bacteroids, [166]
• Beer diseases, [134]
• Berkefeld filter, [52]
• Biogenesis, [3]
• Biology of bacteria, [1]-36
• Bitter fermentation, [191]
• Blood serum, [22]
• Blue milk, [193]
• Boracic acid, [205], [331]
• Bread, bacteria in, [238]
• Broth, [21]
• Brownian movement, [14]
• Bubonic plague, [306]-308
• Buchner's tube, [141]
• Butter, bacteria in, [213], [214]
• — examination of, [214]
• — bacterial flavouring of, [215]
• Butyric fermentation, [115], [132], [191]
  
• Carbol-fuchsin, [44]
• Carbol-gelatine, [62]
• Carbolic acid as a germicide, [332]
• Caries, dental, [104]
• Chamber, moist, [41]
• Channels of infection in disease, [269]
• — in tubercle, [289]
• Cheese, bacteria in, [220]
• Chemical products of bacteria, [241]
• Chemical substances as disinfectants, [329]
• — and bacteriological examination of water compared, [51]
• — tests for nitrification, [158]
• Chemiotaxis, [15], [248]
• Chicken cholera, [320]
• Chinosol as a disinfectant, [336]
• Chloride of lime as a germicide, [331]
• Cholera, [65]-68
• — diagnosis of, [68]
• — and filtration, [75]
• — and milk, [200]
• Chromogenic bacteria, [193], [241]
• Cladothrix, [8], [33]
• Clark's process, [73]
• Classification, [7]
• Coccus, definition of, [8]
• Colon bacillus, see B. coli communis
• Comma bacillus, [66]
• Commensalism, [162]
• Composition of bacteria, [12]-14
• Conditions affecting bacteria in water, [70]
• — in milk, [186], [187]
• Contagion, [270]
• Corrosive sublimate as disinfectant, [331]
• Counter (Wolfhügel), [49]
• Cover-glass preparations, [44]
• Cream, bacteria in, [213]
• Crenothrix polyspora, [53]
• Creosol as a germicide, [332]
• Cultivation beds, [92]
• Culture media, [20]
• — anaërobic, [139]
• — hanging drop, [44]
• — plate, [40]-43
• — pure, [20], [46]
• — shake, [62]
  
• Decomposition bacteria, [149]
• Denitrifying bacteria, [143], [149]
• Dental caries, [104]
• Deodorants, [323]
• Desiccation, [26]
• Diagnosis, [339]
• Diarrhœa of infants, [175], [316]
• Diphtheria, [243]-245, [289]-296
• — bacillus of, [289]
• — toxins of, [244], [293]
• — and milk supply, [201]
• — and school influence, [294], [295]
• — pseudo-bacillus of, [296]
• Diplococcus, definition of, 8
  Diplococcus of gonorrhœa, [300]
• — in pneumonia, [313]
• Directions for estimating disinfectants, etc., [324]
• Disease, production of, [264]
• Diseases of beer, [134]
• — of plants, [35]
• — of animals, [316]-320
• — conveyed by water, [81]
• — and soil, [173]-177
• Disinfectants, [322], [331]
• Disinfection, [322]-336
• — of a room, [335]
• — of walls, [335]
• — of bedding, [335]
• — of garments, [335]
• — of excreta, [335]
• — of wounds, [336]
• — of hands, [336]
• Domestic purification of water, [79]
• Dunham's solution, [69]
• Dysentery, [319]
  
• Earth temperatures and disease, [175]
• Economic bacteria, [145]
• Egg cultures, [340]
• Elsner's medium, [62]
• Endospores, [17]
• Enteric fever, see Typhoid
• Enzymes, [114]
• Equifex disinfector, [328]
• — sprayer, [334]
• Erysipelas, [299]
• Examination, bacteriological—
• — air, [96]-99
• — cholera, [68]
• — diphtheria, [290], [340]
• — leprosy, [309]
• — meat, [234]
• — milk, [227]
• — sewage, [80]
• — soil, [138]
• — tetanus, [170]
• — tubercle, [276], [339]
• — water, [43]-48
• — yeasts, 119, et seq.
• Extracellular poisons, [244], [273]
  
• Fermentation, [111]-136
• — acetous, [115], [127]
• — alcoholic, [115], [117]
• — ammoniacal, [115], see under Soil
• — butyric, [115], [132], [191]
• — lactic acid, [115], [130], [190]
• Ferments, organised, [114], [115]
• Ferments, unorganised, [114], [115]
• — chromogenic, [193]
• — curdling, [191]
• — bitter, [191]
• — slimy, [192]
• — soapy, [193]
• Films, [123]
• Filter, domestic, [79]
• Filter-beds, [74]
• Filtration, milk, [206]
• — method of air examination, [99]
• — sand, [77]-79
• Fission, [16]
• Fixing specimens, [45]
• Flagella, [15]
• — staining, [63]
• Food, bacteria in, [179], [180]
• Foot-and-mouth disease, [320]
• Formaldehyde and formalin, [205], [206], [333]
• Forms of bacteria, [8]
• Fränkel's tube, [140]
• — pneumococcus, [314]
• Friedländer's pneumo-bacillus, [315]
  
• Gas, production of, [62], [241]
• Gathering-ground, [38]
• Gelatine, [21]
• — carbol, [62]
• — liquefaction of, [44]
• Gemmation, [119]
• Gentian-violet, aniline, [44]
• Germicidal temperatures, [30], [207]
• Germicides, [322], [331]
• Glanders, [319]
• Gonorrhœa, [300]
• Gram's method, [44], [338]
• Gravity, influence on bacteria, [106]
• Gypsum block, [121]
  
• Hæmatozoa, [320]
• Hanging drop cultivations, [44]
• Hansen's method of dilution, [123]
• Heat as steriliser, [30], [326]
• Heredity, [268], [269]
• Hesse's method of air examination, [98]
• Higher bacteria, [11]
• High yeasts, [125]
• Hot air steriliser, [31]
• Hydrogen cultivation, [139]
• Hydrophobia, treatment of, [253]
  
• Ice-cream, bacteria in, [236]-238
• — examination of, [236]
• Immunity, [240]-263
• — acquired, [247], [250]
• — active, [250]
• — artificial, [250]
• — natural, [250]
• — passive, [250]
• Incubation period, [271]
• Incubators, [22]
• Indol, formation of, [61]
• — testing for, [61]
• Industries and bacteria, [135]
• Influenza, [315]
• Intracellular poisons, [34]
• Inversive ferments, [115]
• Involution forms, [12], [66]
  
• Kipp's apparatus for producing hydrogen, [27], [139]
• Klebs-Löffler bacillus, [289]
• Koch's plate method, [40]
• — postulates, [266]
• — comma bacillus, [66]
• — bacillus of tubercle, [276]
  
• Lactic acid fermentation, [115], [130], [185], [190], [221], [226]
• Lactose, [190]
• Leguminosæ, fixation of nitrogen by, [163]
• Leprosy, [308]-313
• Leptothrix, [8], [33]
• Leuconostoc, [17]
• Light, influence upon bacteria, [24]-26, [70]
• Liquefaction of gelatine, [44], [241]
• Low yeasts, [125]
• Lymph, glycerinated calf, [252]
• Lyon's, Washington, disinfector, [328]
  
• Maceration industries, [135]
• Malaria, [177], [320]
• Malignant œdema, [19], [172]
• Mallein, [319]
• Mastitis, [184]
• Measles, [321]
• Meat, [234]
• Media, culture, [20]
• Merismopedia, [11]
• Method of examination, [43]-47
• Metropolitan water supply, [72]
• Miasmatic diseases, [176]
• Micrococcus, definition of, [8]
• — agilis, [16]
• — aquatilis, [53]
• — casei amari, [226]
• Micrococcus Freudenreichii, [192]
• — gonorrhœæ, [299]
• — tetragonus, [299]
• — viscosus, [192]
• Milk, bacteriology of, [178]-213
• — absorptivity of, [180]
• — sources of pollution, [181]-184
• — number of bacteria in, [185]
• — influence of temperature upon, [186]
• — influence of time of standing, [187]
• — fermentation bacteria in, [189]
• — constitution of, [189]-195
• — disease-producing power of, [195]
• — and tuberculosis, [197]-199, [228], [290]
• — and typhoid, [199]
• — and cholera, [200]
• — and diphtheria, [201]
• — and scarlet fever, [202]
• — and thrush, [203]
• — methods of preservation of, [205]
• — and added antiseptics, [205], [206]
• — filtration of, [206]
• — sterilisation of, [207]
• — pasteurisation of, [208]-213
• — products, bacteria in, [213]-227
• — examination of, [227]
• — and economic bacteria, [215]-220
• — sterile, [181]
• — kinds of bacteria in, [188]
• — chromogenic, [193]
• — cooling processes, [207], [209]
• Moist chamber, [41]
• Moisture necessary for bacteria, [23]
• Motility, [14]
• Moulds, [116]
• Mycoderma aceti, [127]
  
• Nasal passages, bacteria in, [103]
• Natural purification of water, [69]
• Needles, platinum, [22], [24]
• Nitrates, [147], [154]
• Nitric organism, [157], [158]
• Nitrification, [76], [143]-159
• — chemistry of, [144]-148
• — stages in, [145]
• — bacteria of, [152]
• Nitrifying organisms, cultivation of, [156]
• Nitrogen, fixation of, [144], [160]-168
• Nitrous organism, [154], [158]
• Nodules on roots, bacteria in, [163]
  
• Oidium albicans, [203]
• Oxygen necessary for bacteria, [26]
• Oysters and bacteria, [229]-234
  
• Paraform for disinfection, [334]
• Parasitism, [27], [162]
• Parietti's method, [62]
• Pasteurisation of milk, [208]-213
• Pasteur's treatment of rabies, [253]-258
• Perlsucht, [283]
• Petri dishes, [50]
• Phagocytosis, [247]
• Phosphorescence, [26], [241]
• Pigment, formation of, [241]
• Place of bacteria in nature, [5]
• Plague, [306]-308
• Plant diseases, [35]
• Plate cultures, [40]-46
• Platinum needles, [22], [24]
• Pleomorphism, [12]
• Pneumo-bacillus, [315]
• Pneumococcus, [313]
• Pneumonia, [313]
• Polymorphism, [12]
• Postulates, Koch's, [266]
• Potato medium, [22]
• Pouchet's aëroscope, [96]
• Proteolytic ferments, [115]
• Proteus family, [86], [180], [297]
• — vulgaris, [60], [86], [151], [194]
• — zenkeri, [60]
• Pseudo-diphtheria bacillus, [296]
• Ptomaines, [179]
• Pure culture, [20], [46]
• Purification of water—
• — natural, [69]
• — artificial, [73]
• Pus, [296]
• Putrefaction, [143]-149
• Pyocyanin, [299]
• Pyoxanthose, [299]
  
• Quantitative standard for water bacteria, [48], [49]
• — air bacteria, [107]
• — milk bacteria, [188]
• — soil bacteria, [137]
• Quarter evil, [19], [171]
  
• Rabies, treatment of, [253]
• — forms of, [253]
• — pathology of, [254]
• — results of treatment, [256]
• Reck's disinfector, [328]
• Reproduction of bacteria, methods of, [16]
• Retting, [135]
• Rinderpest, 320
  
• Saccharomycetes, biology of, [119]-121
• — methods of examination, [122]
• — anomalous, [122]
• — apiculatus, [127]
• — aquifolii, [127]
• — cerevisiæ, [117], [124], [126]
• — conglomeratus, [126]
• — ellipsoideus I., [126]
• — ellipsoideus II., [126], [134]
• — exiguus, [127]
• — Hansenii, [127]
• — illicis, [127]
• — Ludwigii, [122]
• — mycoderma, [127]
• — pastorianus I., [127], [134]
• — pastorianus II., [127]
• — pastorianus III., [127], [134]
• — pyriformis, [127]
• Salicylic acid as antiseptic, [205], [206]
• Saprophytes, [27], [166]
• Sarcina, [10]
• Scarlet fever, [202], [321]
• Sedgwick's method of air analysis, [99]
• Sedimentation, [71], [73]
• Septic processes, [296]
• — tank, [90]
• Sewage, organisms in, [84]
• — bacterial treatment of, [89]
• Sewer air, [87]
• — and toxicity of bacteria, [105]
• Shake culture, [62]
• Shell-fish and bacteria, [229], [234]
• Small-pox, [251], [321]
• Soil, bacteriology of, [137]
• — examination of, [138]
• — kinds of bacteria in, [142]-145
• — and its relation to disease, [173], [176], [177]
• Species of bacteria, [29]
• Spirillum, definition of, [11]
• — of cholera, [66]
• Spontaneous generation, [2]
• Spores, kinds of, [17]-19
• — resistance of, [19], [278]
• — staining of, [19]
• — of yeasts, [122]
• Staining methods, [45]
• Staphylococcus, [10], [296]
• — cereus albus, [297]
• — pyogenes aureus, [88], [108], [297]
• Steam as a disinfector, [326]
• — disinfectors, [327]-329
• — steriliser, [326]
• — saturated, [327]
• — superheated, 327
  Steam current, [327]
• Sterilisation, [29]-31
• — methods of, [30], [31]
• Streptococcus, [9], [297]
• — pyogenes, [299]
• — Hollandicus, [192]
• Streptothrix, [317]
• Structure of bacteria, [8]
• Sulphurous acid as a germicide, [332]
• Suppuration, [296]-301
• Swine fever, [320]
• Symbiosis, [162]
• Symptomatic anthrax, [171]
  
• Table of economic bacteria in soil, [145]
• Temperature, influence of, on bacteria, [23]
• Tetanus, [19], [168], [245]
• — toxin of, [168]
• Thresh's disinfector, [328]
• Thrush, [203]
• Tissues, effect of, on bacteria, [267]
• Tobacco-curing, [136]
• Toxins, [28], [241]-247, [272]
• Tuberculin, [281]
• Tuberculosis, [274]-292
• — pathology of, [274]
• — varieties of, [275]
• — history of, [276]
• — conveyed by the air, [104]
• — and the milk supply, [196]-198, [290]
• — giant cells in, [275]
• — bacillus of, [276]
• — cultivation of bacillus of, [277]
• — spores of, [277]
• — relation of bacillus to disease, [279]
• — toxins of, [281]
• — of animals, [283]
• — prevention of, [286]-292
• — disinfection in cases of, [292]
• — decline of, [288]
• — and overcrowding, [288]
• — channels of infection in, [289]
• — expectoration in, 290
• Tuberculosis and house influence, [291]
• — and glanders, [319]
• Typhoid fever, [56]
• — bacillus of, [55]-58
• — micro-pathology, [57]
• — bacillus compared with B. coli, [58]
• — bacillus in sewage, [59]
• — bacillus in drinking water, [60]
• — tests for bacillus of, [61]-64
• — and soil, [173], [176]
• — conveyed by the air, [105]
• — and milk supply, [199]
• Tyrotoxicon, [205], [237]
  
• Unit of antitoxin, [263]
• Urea, [148]
  
• Vaccination, [251]-253
• Vaccines, plague, [257], [259]
• — cholera, [257]
• — small-pox, [251]
• Vaccinia, [251]
• Variolation, [250], [251]
• Virulence increased, [32]
• — diminished, [36]
  
• Water, bacteria in, [37]-84
• — number of bacteria in, [38]
• — examination of, [39]-52
• — disease organisms found in, [55]
• — natural purification of, [69]
• — artificial purification of, [73]
• — filtration of, [74]
• — domestic purification of, [79]
• — pollution of, [82]
• Wheat supply and bacteria, [161]
• Widal reaction, [63], [340]
• Wooden tongue, [318]
• Wool-sorters' disease, [305]
  
• Yeasts, [116]
• Yellow fever, [316]
  
• Ziehl-Neelsen stain, [44], [340]
  

The Science Series

Edited by Professor J. McKeen Cattell, Columbia University, with the cooperation of Frank Evers Beddard, F.R.S., in Great Britain.

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