c. 1030.—"You enter then on the country of Lárán, in which is Jaimúr (see under [CHOUL]), then Maliah, then Kánchí, then Dravira (see [DRAVIDIAN])."—Al-Birúni, in Reinaud, Fragmens, 121.
c. 1150.—"Fandarina (see [PANDARANI]) is a town built at the mouth of a river which comes from Maníbár, where vessels from India and Sind cast anchor."—Idrisi, in Elliot, i. 90.
c. 1200.—"Hari sports here in the delightful spring ... when the breeze from Malaya is fragrant from passing over the charming lavanga" (cloves).—Gīta Govinda.
1270.—"Malibar is a large country of India, with many cities, in which pepper is produced."—Kazwīnī, in Gildemeister, 214.
1293.—"You can sail (upon that sea) between these islands and Ormes, and (from Ormes) to those parts which are called (Minibar), is a distance of 2,000 miles, in a direction between south and south-east; then 300 miles between east and south-east from Minibar to Maabar" (see [MABAR]).—Letter of Fr. John of Montecorvino, in Cathay, i. 215.
1298.—"Melibar is a great kingdom lying towards the west.... There is in this kingdom a great quantity of pepper."—Marco Polo, Bk. iii. ch. 25.
c. 1300.—"Beyond Guzerat are Kankan (see [CONCAN]) and [Tāna]; beyond them the country of Malíbár, which from the boundary of Karoha to Kúlam (probably from Gheriah to [Quilon]) is 300 parasangs in length."—Rashíduddín, in Elliot, i. 68.
c. 1320.—"A certain traveller states that India is divided into three parts, of which the first, which is also the most westerly, is that on the confines of Kerman and Sind, and is called Gūzerāt; the second Manībār, or the Land of Pepper, east of Gūzerāt."—Abulfeda, in Gildemeister, 184.
c. 1322.—"And now that ye may know how pepper is got, let me tell you that it groweth in a certain empire, whereunto I came to land, the name whereof is Minibar."—Friar Odoric, in Cathay, &c., 74.
c. 1343.—"After 3 days we arrived in the country of the Mulaibār, which is the country of Pepper. It stretches in length a distance of two months' march along the sea-shore."—Ibn Batuta, iv. 71.