Some Medical Aspects of Old Age / Being the Linacre lecture, 1922, St. John's college, Cambridge - Sir Humphry Davy Rolleston

[225] Garrod, A. E., Brit. Med. Journ., 1904, ii. 8.

[226] Hale-White, W., Quart. Journ. Med., Oxford, 1907–1908, i. 47.

[227] Lannelonge, Bull. Acad. de méd., Paris, 1903, 3^e sér., xlix. 299.

[228] Fournier, Ibid., 1903, 3^e sér., xlix. 522.

INDEX

Abernethy, J., [84]
Abiotrophy, [139]
Acquired characters, [35], [75], [79]
Activity. See [Functional]; [Muscular]
Adam, age of, [14]
Adami, J. G., [87]
Adolescence, termination of period of, [17]
Adrenals, [110]
Age, the “critical,” [140]
the “dangerous,” [26]
exaggeration of, by elderly people, [20], [21]
Albuminuria, [126]
Alcohol, abuse of, [57]
action of, on the tissues, [57]
influence on longevity, [33], [34], [57]
Alimentary canal, lymphoid atrophy of, [109]
Allbutt, Clifford, [37], [55], [59], [150]
Allen treatment of diabetes, [56]
Amputation, for diabetic gangrene, [142]
Anabolism, cellular, [67]
Anaemia, secondary, [108]
Anal orifice, narrowing of, [152]
Anatomical changes, [60], [63], 90–[114]
Andrewes, F. W., [145]
Aneurysms, [150], [151]
Angiomas, [108]
Animal life, duration of, [17], [18]
experimental modification of life cycle and growth of, [11]
natural death in, [13], [14]
rejuvenation and senescence in, 9–[11]
Aortic stenosis, [149]
Aphasia, transient attacks of, [151]
Appetite, [56], [118]
Arcus senilis, [98]
Arnold, M., [123]
Aron, [75]
Arteries, degenerative changes in, [97], 105–[107]
“pipe-stem,” [106]
Arteriosclerosis, [97], 105–[107], [149]
age incidence of, [105], [140]
causes of, [105], [142]
hereditary transmission of, [37]
influence of smoking on, [59]
prostatic hypertrophy and, [112]
spasm associated with, [151]
thyroid prevention of, [73]
Arthritic affections, [154]
Arthritis, chronic infective, [155]
Atheroma. See [Arteriosclerosis]
Athyroidism, [73]
Atkinson, Edward, nonagenarian, [51]
Atrophy—
brown, [103], [105]
cardiac, [104], [140], [149]
degenerative, [46]
general, [62], [91], [139]
causes of, [137], [138]
genital, [114]
lymphoid, [108]
muscular, [103]
of auditory nerve, [118]
of skin and secretory glands, [141]
of thymus, [109]
precocious, [138]
renal, [111]
splenic, [109]
testicular, [113]
Atropine, [127], [128]
Aub and Dubois, [116]
Auditory nerve, atrophy of, [118]
Auto-suggestion, [48]
Bacon, Francis, [17], [95]
Bacon, Roger, [17]
Baddeley, J. J., [51]
Baldness, [95]
causes of, [96]
thyroid extract in, [96]
Barclay-Smith, E., [82]
Baronsdale, W., [5]
Bell, B., [75]
Bell, J. R., [115]
Benjamin, H., [77]
Berman, L., [71]
Biedl, A., [71]
Biochemistry of old age, 64–[68]
Biological aspect of old age, [10], [11], [23], [63]
Biotripsy, [93]
Birth, expectation of life at, [13], [41], [42]
Birth control, [24]
Bladder, [133], [153]
Blane, G., [142]
Blood, condition of, [108], [115]
increase of urea-nitrogen in, [115]
Blood pressure, [125]
and heredity, [37]
high, [55], [124]
longevity in relation to, [37]
senile, [104], [124], [125]
Blood supply, diminished, [106]
Blood transfusion, [66]
Bodily vigour, sex gland activity as manifestation of, [69]
Body, cells of. See [Cells]
conformation of, [60]
fibrous framework of, [92]
structural changes in, [90]
temperature of, [116]
water content at birth and adult life, [64]
Boerhaave, [91]
Bone marrow, atrophy of, [108]
Bones, injuries to, healing of, [126], [127]
Paget’s disease of, [156]
rarefaction and absorption of, [99]
arterial degeneration with, [107]
Bony changes, [98], [99]
Bouin and Ancel, [73]
Brain, changes in, [96], [146]
degeneration of cells of, [97]
organic changes in, [145]
senile atrophy of, [139]
shrinkage of, [100]
weight of, [97]
Brain cells, activity of, influence on longevity, [35], [36]
Brampton, Lord, nonagenarian, [51]
Bromides, intolerance to, [128]
Bronchiectasis, simulating tuberculosis, [149]
Bronchitis, disposition to, [147]
simulating tuberculosis, [149]
Bronchopneumonia, [148]
and pneumonia, confusion between, [148]
tendency to, [103]
Brown atrophy, [103], [105]
Brown-Séquard, [70]
Browne, T., [14], [47], [95]
Brownlee, J., [33]
Buffon, [17]
Butler, Samuel, [35]
Calcification, of arteries, 106–[107]
of cartilage, [100]
Calendar, length of, in the patriarchal era, [15]
California, centenarians in, [41]
Cambridge University, influence of John Haviland on the study of medicine, [6]
Cameron, C., [95]
Campbell, H., [65]
Cancer. See [Carcinoma]
Carcinoma, [141]
age and sex incidence of, [86], [140]
and senescence, 86–[89]
rarity of, in extreme old age, [87]
Cardio-vascular system, 36–[38], 103–[108], [124], [133], [149]
Carlisle, Anthony, [8]
Carrel, A., [65], [66], [127]
Cartilages, calcification of, [100]
Castration, phenomena of old age and, [79]
secondary sex-characters following, [79]
Cazalis, [107]
Cell-memory, [35]
longevity in relation to, [35]
Cells, [62]
activity of, relation to connective tissues, [68], [88], [89], [92]
ageing of, [67], [88]
carcinoma in relation to, 86–[89]
causes and significance of, [67]
senility in relation to, [86], [88]
changes in, infections causing, [43], [44]
changes in old age, [64]
colloidal changes in, [64], [68]
cultivation of, [66]
degeneration of, [62], [92], [135]
intestinal bacteria causing, [82], [83]
infections and intoxications producing changes in, [44]
life cycle of, [63], [65], [88], [89]
factors influencing, [65]
on what dependent, [68]
thyroid deficiency influencing, [72]
limited vitality of, [62]
sequels of, [64]
products inimical to life of, [65]
senile changes due to injury to, [30], [31], [67]
time-rate of, [36]
vital phenomena of, [63], [88], [89]
Census returns, [41], [43]
Centenarianism, [19]
heredity in relation to, [19]
Centenarians, [20], [33], [34]
age exaggeration by, [20], [21]
among Churchmen, [50]
among doctors, [52]
among professional men, [50]
census returns of, [20], [21]
family incidence of, [32], [33]
in California, statistics, [41]
in England and Wales, statistics, [40], [41]
in Ireland, statistics, [40]
medical, [52]
personal habits of, [56], [57]
rarity of cancer among, [87]
sex statistics of, [21], [22]
smoking among, [58]
statistics of, [21], [24]
deaths among, [21], [22], [41]
Cerebral arteries, changes in, [97]
Cerebral degeneration, [97]
Cerebral haemorrhage, [145]
age incidence of, [145]
Cerebral thrombosis, [145]
Chaderton, Laurence, centenarian, [51]
Charcot, J. M., [8], [104], [116], [139], [148]
Cheatle, G. L., [93]
Chest capacity, diminished, [103]
Cheyne, G., [55]
Child, C. M., [10], [14], [56]
“Childhood, second,” [122], [145]
Chromophages, [94]
Chromosomes, [88]
Churchmen, centenarians among, [50]
Cicero, [135]
Circulatory system, [38]
Clark, Andrew, [29], [60], [137]
Clarke, E., [85], [98]
Clarke, J. M., [145]
Climacteric, ancient conceptions of, [27]
senile, [30]
Climacteric disease, [28]
Climate, influence on longevity, [26], [39]
Coke, Sir Edward, octogenarian, [51]
Colloidal dehydration, leading to old age, [64], [65]
Colon, destruction of putrefactive bacteria in, [83]
Constipation, [101], [152]
age incidence of, [152]
gerontal, [102]
tendency to, [115]
Cornaro, on the duration of life, [18]
writer on old age, [8]
Costal cartilage, calcification of, [100]
Councilman, W. T., [37], [92], [104], [107], [111], [125]
Cranial bones, changes in, [100]
Crosby, T., [51]
Cushny, A. R., [81]
Cutaneous sensation, [117]
Cystitis, [154]
Darwin, C., [53]
Deafness, causes of, [118]
senile, [118]
Death, causes of, [13], [38]
mental attitude to, [123]
natural, [13], [14], [16], [91]
from old age, [14], [91]
in animal kingdom, [13], [14]
probable cause of, [36]
Weissmann’s conception of, [9], [16]
phenomenon of, [9], [10]
sudden, causes of, [117]
latent pneumonia causing, [148]
Death-rate, in various countries, [42]
sex incidence, [22]
Deaths, among centenarians, [41]
Decrepitude, [30]
Delirium, [146]
Delusions, [146]
Demange, [91], [105]
Dementia, senile, causes of, [146]
onset of, [145]
varied features of, [146]
“de Morgan’s Spots,” [108]
Dental decay, [101]
an accompaniment of old age, [44], [45]
Dentition, third, explanation of, [101]
Depression, senile, [146]
de Salis, Cardinal, centenarian, [50]
Descartes, [7]
Desmond, Countess of, centenarian, [20]
Devolution, course of, [122]
Diabetic gangrene, [142]
Diet, restricted, influence of, [56]
Digestion, impairment of, [101]
Digestive system, [38]
Disabilities of old age, 90–[114], [137]
Disease, associated with old age, [30], [44], [139]
chronic, freedom from, in old age, [44]
definition of, [136]
influence of, on longevity, [43]
latency of, [117]
old age as a, [49], [136]
Doctors, duration of life of, [52], [53]
centenarian, [52]
Donaldson, R., [110]
Drew, A., [68]
Drinkwater, H., [52]
Drugs, reaction to, 127–[128]
reaction to, during senescence, [127]
Dryness of elderly bodies, [64]
Ductus cochleariae, fibrosis of, [118]
Dupuytren’s contraction, [155]
Dysbasia, functional, [146]
Dyspepsia, frequency of, [152]
Early rising, [59], [60]
Ears, disorders of, [143]
Easton, J., [20], [47]
Ebstein, [18]
Eccentricities of old age, [120], [121]
Ecclesiastes, interpretation of, [129]
Eczema, [118], [141]
Emphysema, [147], [149]
Endarteritis obliterans, [103]
Endocrine glands, in relation to old age, [12], 68–[81]
Endomixis, [9]
Environment, influence on longevity, [33], [34], 39–[46], [55]
Erysipelas, [141]
disposition to, [140]
senile, course of, [142]
Erythema, [141]
Eunuchs, duration of life of, [79]
Expectation of life, [13], [41]
in various countries, [42]
Extra-systoles, [124]
Eyes, senile disorders of, [117]
Facial appearance, [93]
changes in, [93]
causes of, [118]
Fads, [121]
Faintness, [151]
Fat, reduction of, [92]
subcutaneous, disappearance of, [94]
Fatigue, excessive, danger of, [54]
physical and mental, [119], [120]
psychical, [122]
Fatty degeneration of arteries, [106]
of heart, [104]
of muscles, [103]
Femur, fracture of, [99], [127]
Fertility, age limit of, in women, [26]
average, estimation of, [24]
old age in relation to, [23], [24], [26]
social conditions influencing, [24]
Fibrosis, [91], [92]
Fibrositis, [155]
Fibrous tissues, atrophy of, [91]
Finot, J., [49]
First-born, handicapping of, [38]
longevity in relation to, [38]
Flourens, on the duration of life, [18]
Food, excess of, [56]
Fractures, delay in healing of, [126], [127]
tendency to, [99]
France, longevity in, [40]
Functional activity, danger of excess of, [54]
influencing longevity, [46], [55]
progressive diminution in, [115], [119], [135]
Gait, disordered, [122], [147]
Galileo, [53]
Gallstones, [153]
Gangrene, diabetic, [142]
senile, [142]
pipe-stem arteries with, [106]
Garrod, A. E., [155]
Gastric juice, composition, changes in, [115]
lack of, [101]
Gastro-intestinal tract, changes in, [101]
Generation. See [Reproductive power]
Generative organs, internal secretion of, [70], 73–[80]
Genitals, external, atrophy of, [114]
Giantism, [19], [20]
Giddiness, [143]
causes of, [151]
Gilford, H., [30], [72], [88]
Gisborne, Thomas, Linacre lecturer, [5]
Gland activity, functional, diminution of, [115]
senility in relation to, [69]
Gland atrophy, [109], [110]
Gland cells, life cycle of, [67]
Gland secretions, influencing activity of body cells, [68], [69]
Gland, endocrine, metabolism stimulated by, [81]
rejuvenescence in, in relation to, [12], 73–[80]
Gland, endocrine, theory of old age, [70], [71], [72]
Gland, endocrine, therapy during old age, [71]
of prostatic enlargement, [113]
rejuvenescence in relation to, [12], 73–[80]
See also [Endocrine], [Pituitary], etc.
Glycosuria, [126]
toxic, cause of, [142]
Goethe, [53]
Goodpasture, E. W., [88]
Gout, [154]
acquired, age incidence of, [154]
Gowers, W. R., [139], [144]
Graves, R. J., [95]
Gray, A. A., [118]
Greenwood, Major, [24]
Gregory IX., centenarian, [50]
Growth, [60]
experimental modification of, [11]
influence of endocrine gland therapy on, [12], [72], [80]
retardation by vitamine deficiency, [13]
Habits, influencing longevity, [55]
Haemoglobin, [108]
Haemorrhage, [144]
cerebral, [145]
Hair, changes in colour of, [94]
excessive growth of, [96]
of the body, loss of, [96]
Hale-White, W., [109], [155]
Hall, Bishop, [131]
Hall, Stanley, [8], [27]
Haller, [91]
Halsbury, Lord, nonagenarian, [51]
Hands, appearance of, [93]
atrophic changes in, [94]
senile tremor of, [143]
Harrower, [80]
Haviland, John, influence on the Cambridge medical school, [6]
Regius Professor of Physic, [6]
Linacre lecturer, [5]
Head, senile tremor of, [143]
Health, definition of, [136]
Hearing, impairment of, [118]
Heart, atrophy of, [104]
condition of, [92], [103], [104]
diseases of, [149]
failure, [149]
age incidence of, [140]
hypertrophy of, [55], [104]
and blood pressure, [104]
longevity in relation to, [37]
senile changes in, [104], [139], [149]
Heberden, W. (the elder), [4], [54]
Heberden’s nodes, [155]
Height, cause of loss of, [100]
Hereditary tendencies, correction of, [34]
Heredity, firstlings in relation to, [38]
influence on longevity, [19], 32–[39]
Hernia, tendency to, [153]
Herpes zoster, [142]
Hertoghe, [113]
Hetero-suggestion, [48]
High altitudes, influence on longevity, [39]
Hippocrates, age of, [52]
Holland, Henry, [28]
Holmes, O. W., [49]
Hopkins, G., [13]
Hot climates, influence of, on senescence, [26], [36], [39]
Huchard, [59], [105]
Hufeland, C. W., [17], [23], [70]
Humphry, G. M., [8], [22], [32], [34], [39], [43], [58], [60], [87], 98–[100], [112], [124]
Hunter, W., [124]
Huxley, J. S., [11]
Hygiene of old age, 55–[61]
Hyperpiesia, [37], [124]
Hypertrichosis, following the menopause, [96]
Hypnotics, [128]
Hypochondriasis, [121]
Hypoplasia, [63], [64]
Hypothyroidism, in relation to old age, [72]
Idleness, inimical to old age, [46], [47]
Individuation, phenomenon of, [10]
Infant mortality, sex incidence and causes, [22]
Infantilism, premature senility with, [31]
Infections, [140]
cell changes due to, [43], [44]
disposition to cardiac failure during, [149]
focal, tendency to, [155]
gout in relation to, [154]
Insomnia, [119]
Interstitial cells, 73–[81]
Intestinal stasis, as cause of premature old age, [82], [85]
Intoxications, cause of senescence, [82]
influence on body cells, [44], [55]
Invalidism, auto- and hetero-suggestion producing, [48]
Ireland, centenarians in, [40]
Iris, sluggish, [117]
Iverex, Dr., centenarian, [32]
Jackson, Christopher, [3]
Jackson, Hughlings, [122]
James, R. R., [52]
Jastrow, M., [130]
Jaw, changes in shape of, [99]
tremor of, [144]
Jenkins, Henry, centenarian, [20]
Jews, longevity of, [40]
Johnson, S., [46]
Joints, fractures of, disposition to, [99]
Keratosis, senile, [143]
Kidneys, [126]
degenerative changes in, [111]
granular, age incidence of, [140]
King, G., [20]
Klotz, O., [107]
Knee-jerk, [119]
Koheleth, [139]
Kuntz, A., [74]
Labyrinthine deafness, [118]
Labyrinthine vertigo, [143]
Lacassagne, A., [30], [55]
Lane, W. Arbuthnot, [84]
Lankester, E. Ray, [14], [19], [23]
Laryngeal cartilage, calcification of, [100]
Laurent, O., [41], [87]
Laurentius, Andreas, [29], [46], [116], [131]
Lazarus, [59]
Lazarus-Barlow, W. S., [86]
Leclercq, A., [140]
Léri, [83], [146]
Leroux, [103], [148]
Lessius, Leonardus, [55]
Leucocyte count, [108], [109]
Leucodermia, [93]
Leukaemia, [141]
Leydig, interstitial cells of, 73–[81]
Lichtenstern, [77]
Life, animal and human, duration of, [17], [18]
chronometry of, [138]
climacterics of, [27], [30]
duration of, [9]
among professional men, 50–[53]
chemical theory of, [66]
early theories of, [17]
estimation of, [18]
in vitro, [66]
various writers on, [17], [18]
variation in different countries, [39]
modern theories of, [18]
expectation of, at birth, [13], [41]
prolongation of, experimental, [12], [13], [77]
following cessation of reproductive function, [23]
See also [Longevity]
Life cycle, experimental modification of, [11]
Ligament, spinous, ossification of, [99]
Ligamentum spirale, atrophy of, [118]
Linacre, Thomas, [2]
family history of, [2], [3]
Linacre Lectures, 3–[6]
Linacre Lectureship, [1]
Lips, tremor of, [144]
Lipschülz, [74]
Liveing, G. D., [7]
Liver, atrophy of lobules and cells of, [102]
changes in size and weight of, [102]
cirrhosis of, [140]
Llewellyn, L. J., [154]
Longevity, alcohol influencing, [57]
among professional men, [50], [53]
auto- and hetero-suggestion influencing, [48], [49]
“cell-memory” in relation to, [35]
climatic conditions influencing, [39], [41]
conditions favouring, [7], [33]
diseases inimical to, [45]
endocrine atrophy in relation to, 68–[81]
environment influencing, [33], [34], 39–[46], [55]
factors influencing, [32]
fertility in relation to, [23], [24]
functional activity influencing, [46], [55]
hereditary aspects of, [19], 32–[39]
idleness inimical to, [47], [48]
in the medical profession, [52]
influence of past diseases on, [43]
influence of blood pressure on, [37]
influence of brain cells on, [36]
integrity of cardio-vascular system necessary to, [36]
of nations, compared, [39], [40]
of the patriarchs, [15], [16]
personal habits influencing, [55]
potential, on what determined, [67]
sex incidence of, [21], [22]
smoking in relation to, [58]
syphilis preventing, [45]
vitality of central nervous system essential to, [36]
See also [Old Age]; [Senescence]
Lorand, A., [70]
Lowe, Peter, [131]
Luciani, [18], [102]
Lungs, changes in, [103]
diseases of, [147], [148]
Lydston, G. F., [71]
Lymphadenoma, [141]
Lymphoid tissues, atrophy of, [63], [108]
Maclachlan, D., [144]
Maignon, Abbé, centenarian, [50]
Malignant disease, [87], [141]
cell senility in relation to, [88]
Mammae, involution changes in, [114]
Mania, senile, [145], [146]
Mansell-Moullin, C. W., [78]
Mansfield, Lord, octogenarian, [51]
Marasmus, senile, [139]
Marie, P., [146]
Marinesco, [64], [78], [83], [97]
Marx, K., [47]
Mead, Richard, [131]
Medical men, centenarians among, [52]
duration of life of, [52], [53]
Melancholia, senile, [146]
Memory, impairment and loss of, [120], [122]
Menopause, onset of old age at the, [26]
ovarian changes at, [63], [79]
Mental activity, influence on old age, [47], [48], [50], [54]
unimpaired, in advanced age, examples of, [50], [51], [53]
Mental deterioration, [49], [119], [122], [145], [146]
causes of, [47], [48], [49]
onset of, [53]
Mental fatigue, tendency to, [120]
Mental state, [119], [122], [123]
and the physical, want of harmony between, [123]
influence of, 48–[50]
Metabolism, disordered, [115], [116], [117], [154]
gland therapy stimulating, [72], [81]
Metchnikoff, E., [8], [13], [18], 82–[86], [91], [97], [123]
Methuselah, [14]
Michael Angelo, mental activity at advanced age, [53]
Micturition, disorders of, [153]
Middle ear lesions, [143]
Migraine, [140]
Miles, W. E., [153]
Mind, [121]
and body, in old age, [47], [50]
disintegration of, [120]
disorders of, [122], [145], [146]
See also [Mental]
Molière, [53]
Mönckeberg’s sclerosis, [106]
causes of, [142]
Montaigne, [14], [56]
Moon, R. O., [136]
Moore, Norman, [5]
Morbus coxae senilis, [155]
Morphine, [127], [128]
Mott, F. W., on functions of cells of testes and ovaries, [75]
Muscles, voluntary, changes in, [103]
Muscular activity, danger of excess of, [54]
impaired, [99], [119], [135]
Muscular atrophy, [99], [119], [135]
among workmen, [54]
Myocardium, degeneration of, [104], [149]
Myxoedema, as secondary senilism, [72]
Nails, condition and appearance of, [96]
Nanism, senile type of, [31]
Nascher, I. L., [30], [98], [127]
Nathan, [68], [74]
National habits, influence on longevity, [40]
Natural death. See [Death]
Neck, senile tremor of, [143]
Nemenow, [112]
Nephropathy, chronic atrophic, [111]
Nerves, cutaneous exposure of, [141]
Nervous apprehension, tendency to, [122]
Nervous disease, [145]
Nervous system, [38]
vitality of, hereditary factor in longevity, [36]
Neurasthenia, [122]
New growths, rarity of, [87], [89]
Newton, Isaac, [53]
Nicotine, effects of, [59]
Nunneley, F. P., [151]
Obesity, [60]
Occupational neuroses, [54]
Octogenarians, among active professional men, [51]
census statistics of, [21]
Oertel, H., [88]
Old age, acceleration of, factors favouring, [26]
anatomical and physiological changes in, [63]
as a disease, [47], [136]
attainment of, on what dependent, [6], [7], [10]
biochemistry of, 64–[68]
biological aspect of, [10], [11], [23]
bodily conformation in, [60]
causes of, 62–[89]
cell changes leading to, [64], [65]
“cell-memory” in relation to, [35]
comparative freedom from chronic disease in, [44]
death during, common causes of, [38]
disabilities of, [137]
disease in relation to, [44]
diseases associated with, 93–[114], 139–[156]
fertility rate in relation to, [23], [24], [26]
glandular, endocrine, theory of, [70], [71], [81]
healthy and morbid, distinction between, [135]
hereditary aspects of, 32–[39]
hygiene of, 55–[61]
infantilism and, [31]
mental activity during, [50], [54]
examples of, [50], [51], [53]
natural death from, [14]
on what dependent, [10]
onset of, [26]
signs of, [29]
pathological, [30], [82], [90]
of septuagenarians, [53]
physiological, [26], [90], [135]
physiological and pathological confusion between, [90]
factors in, [26]
physiology of, [115]
premature, [30]
hot climates favouring, [26], [36]
intestinal stasis as a cause of, [85]
mental causes of, [48], [49]
production of, Metchnikoff’s theory, [83]
rarity of natural death from, [14], [91]
sex incidence of, [21], [22]
stages of, [29]
vitality of body cells in, 62–[68]
writers on, [8], [15], [16]
See also [Senescence]; [Longevity]
Onychogryphosis, [96]
Ophülz, W., [105]
Oral sepsis, [44], [155]
Orthobiosis, [55], [84]
Osler, W., [2], [36], [151]
Osteitis deformans, [156]
Osteomalacia, senile, [139]
Osteoporosis, senile, [99]
Ovarian extract, rejuvenescence in relation to, [80]
Ovaries, activity and function of cells of, [73], [74]
degenerative changes in, [114]
fibrotic atrophy of, [63]
following menopause, [79]
in relation to senescence, [75]
internal secretion of, evidence of existence of, [79]
senile, [114]
Over-eating, [56], [118]
Overwork, danger of, [54]
Owen, I., [57]
Paget, James, [36], [138]
Paget’s disease of bone, [156]
Pain, blunting of sensibility to, [117]
Pallor, [93]
Pancreas, fibrotic atrophy of, [102]
Paralysis agitans, [144]
age and sex incidence of, [144]
causes of, [144]
senile tremor compared with, [143]
Paraplegia, senile, [138], [146]
causes of, [146], [147]
varieties of, [147]
Parathyroids, [110]
Parietal bones, changes in, [100]
Parkinsonian syndrome, [144]
Parr, Thomas, centenarian, [20]
Pathological old age, [53], [82], [90]
Patriarchal ages, length of the calendar during, [16]
Patriarchs, explanation of reputed old age of, [15], [16]
Pearson, K., [38], [86]
Pecten band, [152], [153]
Penis, changes in, [114]
Pennington, Isaac, [6]
Peristalsis, failure of, [152]
Philalethes, Eugenius, on old age, [15]
Phlebitis, [151]
Phlebosclerosis, [107]
Physical and mental states, want of harmony between, [123]
Physiological life of man, [19]
Physiological old age, [90]
and morbid senility, distinction between, 135–[138]
Physiology of old age, 115–[128]
Pigmentation, cellular, [103]
cutaneous, [93]
Piles, [153]
Pitman, Henry, medical centenarian, [52]
Pituitary extract, influence on weight and growth, [12]
rejuvenescence in relation to, [12], [80]
Pityriasis versicolor, [141]
Planarian flat worms, experimental modification of life cycle and growth of, [11]
Plasma, vital phenomena of, 65–[67], [88]
Plethora, senile, [124]
Pneumonia, [147], [148]
disposition to, [140]
sudden death from, [117]
Premature senility, [30]
causes of, [48]
hot climates predisposing to, [26], [36]
syphilis producing, [45]
Presbyopia, [117]
Pringle, J. J., [94]
Prior, Matthew, [3]
Professional men, age of retirement of, [54]
longevity of, 50–[54]
Progeria, [30]
Prostate gland, [27]
climacterium virile due to changes in, [27]
hypertrophy of, [101], [112]
age incidence of, [140]
cause of, [112]
cell changes in, [112], [113]
glandular therapy of, [113]
vesical disorders due to, [153]
senile changes in, [111]
Protoplasm, products inimical to vitality of, [65]
vital phenomena of, [64], [65], [88]
Protozoa, rejuvenation and senescence in, 9–[11]
Prurigo, senile, [141]
Pruritus, senile, [141], [142]
Pseudo-paraplegia, [146]
Psychical activity, diminished, [119]
Psychical fatigue, [122]
Puberty, functional activity of cells of testes and ovaries at, [75]
period of, [17]
“Puberty gland,” [73]
Puerilism, [122], [145]
Pulmonary changes, [103], [147]
Pulmonary tuberculosis, [148]
Pulse-pressure, [125]
Pulse-rate, [124]
Pupils, contraction of, [117]
Purgatives, [128]
Pyelonephritis, [154]
Quinquagenarians, diseases of, [140], [145], [156]
Rectum, faecal accumulation in, [152]
Reflexes, [119]
Regression, [122]
Rejuvenescence, [10]
associated with reproduction, [9], [10], [64]
attainment of old age dependent upon, [9], [10]
experimental production of, [76], [77]
following vasectomy, [78]
gland extracts in production of, [12], [73], [80], [81]
in animal life, [9], [10]
power of reproduction favouring, [23], [24], [69]
restricted diet in relation to, [56]
testicular grafts producing, [77]
Renal inadequacy, [126]
Reproductive power, favouring rejuvenescence, [23], [24], [69]
waning of, onset of old age following, [26]
prolongation of life after waning of, [23]
Retas, Joseph, centenarian, [33]
Rheumatism, in old age, [44]
Rhizomelic spondylitis, [155]
Rhondda, Lord, [49]
Richardson, B. W., on the duration of life, [18]
Rivers, W. H. R., [122]
Roberts, W., [154]
Robertson and Ray, [12], [60]
Rodent ulcer, [143]
Roussy, G., [103], [148]
Routh, Martin, centenarian, [50]
Roy, D., [32], [95]
Russian peasants, longevity of, [40]
Salimbeni and Gery, [63], [84], [93], [102]
Sand, K., [75]
Saundby, R., [8], [44], [85]
Savage, G., [34]
Sclerosis, arterial, 105–[107]
Mönckeberg’s, [106], [142]
spinal, [97]
Scrotum, [114]
“Second childhood,” [122], [145]
Sedatives, [128]
Self-preservation, instinct of, [122]
Self-reliance, loss of, [48], [49]
Seminal tubules, activity and function of, [74]
atrophy of, [74], [112], [113]
prostatic enlargement following, [112]
regeneration of, [74]
Senescence, [136]
castration not a disposing factor to, [79]
causes of, 62–[89]
Metchnikoff’s theory, [82], [83]
pathological, [82]
toxaemic, [82]
cell changes during, 62–[68]
in ovaries and testes, [75], [76]
colloidal dehydration leading to, [64], [65]
diseases associated with, [139]
endocrine glands in relation to, 68–[81]
healthy and morbid, distinction between, [135]
nosological compensations of, [140]
progress of, [135]
rarity of carcinoma in, [87]
rejuvenescence necessary to, [10]
thyroid deficiency in relation to, [72]
See also [Longevity]; [Old age]
Senile climacteric, [30]
Senile type of nanism, [31]
Senility, [136]
Senium ex morbo, [136]
Sense organs, impairment and failure of, 117–[121]
Sensibility to pain, blunting of, [117]
Septuagenarians, nervous disease among, [145]
pathological old age of, [53]
Sex characters, secondary, cause of, [75]
following castration, [79]
Sex glands, changes in, climacterium virile due to, [27]
internal secretion of, [70]
Sex incidence of old age, [21], [22]
Sexagenarians, diseases common to, [140]
nervous disease among, [145]
Sexual activity, as manifestation of bodily vigour, [69], [70]
duration of, [69]
leading to rejuvenescence, [69]
waning of, [126]
Sexual appetite, on what dependent, [75]
perverted, [114]
Sexual atrophy, as cause of old age and senility, 69–[71]
Shaking palsy, [144]
Sharpey-Schafer, E. A., [63]
Sight, impairment of, [117]
Sinclair, John, [8], [20], [35]
Singer, C., [86]
Skeleton, changes in, [98]
Skin, [93], [115]
diseases of, [141]
disposition to, [141]
dry, [115]
venules and angiomas on, [108]
Skull, [100]
Sleep, diminished, [119]
over-indulgence in, [60]
Smell, impairment of sense of, [117]
Smith, John, [8], [131]
Smith, Lapthorn, [53]
Smoking, influence on longevity, 58–[59]
Sophocles, mental activity at advanced age, [53]
Sour milk, destruction of intestinal bacteria by, [83]
Spasm of arteriosclerotic vessels, [151]
Spastic paraplegia, [147]
Spinal cord, degenerative changes in, [97], [147]
Spleen, atrophy of, [63], [109]
Spondylitis, rhizomelic, [155]
Spondylitis deformans, [99], [155]
Stapes, fixation of, [118]
Starvation, influencing the onset of senescence, [56], [57]
Starvation treatment, [56], [57]
Steinach, E., [11], [77], [78]
Sterne, John, on the attainment of old age, [16]
Stevenson, T. H. C., [41]
Strachey, L., [47]
Structural changes of the body, [90]
Symmers, D., [102]
Syphilis, influence on longevity, [45]
Taste, impairment of, [117]
Teeth, decay of, [44], [101]
loss of, [44], [45], [99], [101]
causes of, [101]
Temperance, a characteristic of centenarians, [57]
Temperature, and longevity, [26]
of body, [116]
Testes, atrophy of, [113]
cells of, activity and function of, [73], [74]
in relation to senescence, [75]
changes in, following vasectomy, [77], [78]
internal secretion of, 69–[72], [74]
prostatic atrophy in relation to, [112]
Testicular extract, rejuvenescence in relation to, [80]
Testicular grafts, rejuvenation by, [71], [72], [77]
results of experiments, [76], [79]
Thompson, R. J. C., [37], [44], [49], [96], [125]
Thompson, W. J., [40]
Thrombosis, [144]
age incidence of, [145]
cerebral, [145]
venous, [151]
Thymus, atrophy of, [109]
Thyroid deficiency, [138]
baldness resulting from, [96]
effect on activity of body cells, [72]
prostatic enlargement in relation to, [113]
Thyroid extract, rejuvenescence in relation to, [80]
for prostatic enlargement, [113]
Thyroid gland, degenerative changes in, [109], [110]
Tinnitus, [118]
Tissues, connective, relation of cellular activity to, [68], [88], [89], [92]
Titian, [53]
Tobacco, and arteriosclerosis, [59]
influence on longevity, [58]
symptoms due to, [59]
Todd, R. E., [37], [44], [49], [125]
Toxaemia, as a cause of senescence, [82], [86]
degenerative changes due to, [44], [55], [56], [86]
intestinal, as cause of senescence, [82], [85]
over-eating causing, [56]
Transfusion, [66]
Tremor, senile, [143]
Tropical life, influence on longevity, [26], [36], [39]
Trousseau, [151]
Tuberculosis, senile, [148]
Tumours, [86], [141]
Turnbull, H. M., [106], [114]
Ulcer, rodent, [143]
Urea-nitrogen in the blood, [115]
Urinary bladder, hypertrophy of, [153]
Urine, condition of, [126]
Uterine changes, [114]
Valvulitis, chronic, [149], [150]
Vanity, senile, [120], [121]
Variation, correlated, [23]
Varicosity, [151]
Vascular lesions, [144]
Vasectomy, changes due to, [74]
changes in testes following, [77], [78]
effect on sexual activity, [76]
rejuvenescence following, [71], [78]
Veins, changes in, [108]
Venous thrombosis, [151]
Vertebrae, changes in shape of, [99]
Vertigo, causes of, [143]
Visceral degeneration, [102], [103]
Visceroptosis, [102]
Vitality, danger of excess of, [54]
loss of, [115], [119], [135]
waning of, [139]
Vitamins, influence on growth, [13]
Voltaire, mental activity at advanced age, [53]
Voronoff, testicular grafting by, [78]
Walker, Kenneth, on changes in the testes, [112]
on prostatic enlargement, [112], [113]
Walking, functional disturbances in, [147]
Waterhouse, B., on the onset of old age, [27]
Watson, Thomas, Linacre Lecturer, [5]
Weber, Hermann, [8], [34], [43], [57], [119]
Weber, Parkes, [35], [104]
Weissmann, [9], [16]
“Will to live,” [35], [47]
Will power, failure of, [122]
Williams, Leonard, [61], [113], [128]
Wilson, S. A. K., [144]
Wounds, healing of, [126]
Wrinkles, cause of, [93]
Yeo, B., [50]
Zorten, Petrasch, centenarian, [20]

THE END

Printed in Great Britain by R. & R. Clark, Limited, Edinburgh.

By SIR HUMPHRY ROLLESTON, K.C.B., M.D.