[4] Oman.

[5] A single line of course must not be understood as a single rank. It was a line of wedges or, as we should now say, a line of columns.

[6] The coat of mail was made of rings or scales of iron sewn on to leather.

[7] The habergeon was a similar but smaller coat without sleeves.

[8] The chaplet was an iron scull-cap without vizor.

[9] The wambais was a doublet padded with cotton, wool or hair, and generally covered with leather.

[10] The mortality among horses and the difficulty of obtaining remounts frequently forced the crusading knights to fight afoot.

[11] The hauberk was a complete suit of mail, a hood joined to a jacket with sleeves, breeches, stockings, shoes and gauntlets of double chain-mail.

[12] A bill was a broad curved blade mounted at the end of a seven-foot shaft, sometimes with a point and a hook added.

[13] Mr. Oman (Art of War in the Middle Ages, p. 104) holds the opinion that to force a line of long-bowmen by a mere front attack was a task almost as hopeless for cavalry as the breaking of a modern square, and would have it that archers needed support on their flanks only. With all respect I must reject this view, as opposed alike to history and common sense.