Celtic Folklore: Welsh and Manx (Volume 1 of 2)

by Sir John Rhys

	The question of classification							456
	The fairy cave of the ArennigFawr							456
	The cave of Mynyđ y Cnwc							457
	Waring’s version ofIolo’s legend of Craig y Đinas							458
	Craigfryn Hughes’Monmouthshire tale							462
	The story of the cave occupied byOwen Lawgoch							464
	How London Bridge came to figure inthat story							466
	Owen Lawgoch in Ogo’rĐinas							467
	Dinas Emrys with the treasurehidden by Merlin							469
	Snowdonian treasure reserved forthe Goidel							470
	Arthur’s death on the side ofSnowdon							473
	The graves of Arthur and Rhita							474
	Elis o’r Nant’s storyof Ỻanciau Eryri’s cave							476
	The top of Snowdon named afterRhita							477
	Drystan’s cairn							480
	The hairy man’s cave							481
	Returning heroes for comparisonwith Arthur and Owen Lawgoch							481
	The baledwyr’s Owen to returnas Henry the Ninth							484
	Owen a historical man =Froissart’s Yvain de Gales							487
	Froissart’s account of himand the questions it raises							488
	Owen ousting Arthur as acave-dweller							493
	Arthur previously supplanting adivinity of the class of the sleeping Cronus of Demetrius							493
	Arthur’s original sojournlocated in Faery							495

CHAPTER IX

Place-name Stories 498

	The Triad of the Swineherds of theIsle of Prydain							499
	The former importance ofswine’s flesh as food							501
	The Triad clause aboutCoỻ’s straying sow							503
	Coỻ’s wanderingsarranged to explain place-names							508
	The Kulhwch account ofArthur’s hunt of Twrch Trwyth in Ireland							509
	A parley with the boars							511
	The hunt resumed inPembrokeshire							512
	The boars reaching the LoughorValley							514
	Their separation							515
	One killed by the Men ofỺydaw in Ystrad Yw							516
	Ystrad Yw defined and its nameexplained							516
	Twrch Trwyth escaping to Cornwallafter an encounter in the estuary of the Severn							519
	The comb, razor, and shears ofTwrch Trwyth							519
	The name Twrch Trwyth							521
	Some of the names evidence ofGoidelic speech							523
	The story about Gwydion and hisswine compared							525
	Place-name explanations blurred oreffaced							526
	Enumeration of Arthur’slosses in the hunt							529
	The Men of Ỻydaw’sidentity and their Syfađon home							531
	Further traces of Goidelicnames							536
	A Twrch Trwyth incident mentionedby Nennius							537
	The place-name Carn Cabaldiscussed							538
	Duplicate names with the Goidelicform preferred in Wales							541
	The same phenomenon in theMabinogion							543
	The relation between the familiesof Ỻyr, Dôn, and Pwyỻ							548
	The elemental associations ofỺyr and Lir							549
	Matthew Arnold’s idea ofMedieval Welsh story							551
	Brân, the Tricephal, and theLetto-Slavic Triglaus							552
	Summary remarks as to the Goidelsin Wales							553

CHAPTER X

Difficulties of the Folklorist 556

	The terrors of superstition andmagic							557
	The folklorist’s activity nofostering of superstition							558
	Folklore a portion of history							558
	The difficulty of separating storyand history							559
	Arthur and the Snowdon Goidels asan illustration							559
	Rhita Gawr and the mad kings Nynioand Peibio							560
	Malory’s version and the nameRhita, Ritho, Ryons							562
	Snowdon stories about Owen Ymhacsenand Cai							564
	Goidelic topography inGwyneđ							566
	The Goidels becoming Compatriots orKymry							569
	The obscurity of certainsuperstitions a difficulty							571
	Difficulties arising from theirapparent absurdity illustrated by the March and Labraid stories							571
	Difficulties from careless recordillustrated by Howells’ Ychen Bannog							575
	Possible survival of traditionsabout the urus							579
	A brief review of the lake legendsand the iron tabu							581
	The scrappiness of the Welsh TomTit Tot stories							583
	The story of the widow ofKittlerumpit compared							585
	Items to explain the namesSìli Ffrit and Sìli go Dwt							590
	Bwca’r Trwyn both brownie andbogie in one							593
	That bwca a fairy in service, likethe Pennant nurse							597
	The question of fairies concealingtheir names							597
	Magic identifying the name with theperson							598
	Modryb Mari regarding cheese-bakingas disastrous to the flock							599
	Her story about the reaper’slittle black soul							601
	Gwenogvryn Evans’ lizardversion							603
	Diseases regarded as also materialentities							604
	The difficulty of realizingprimitive modes of thought							605

CHAPTER XI

Folklore Philosophy 607

	The soul as a pigmy or a lizard,and the word enaid							607
	A different notion in the Mabinogiof Math							608
	The belief in the persistence ofthe body through changes							610
	Shape-shifting and rebirth inGwion’s transformations							612
	Tuan mac Cairill, Amairgen, andTaliessin							615
	D’Arbois deJubainville’s view of Erigena’s teaching							617
	The druid master of his owntransformations							620
	Death not a matter of course somuch as of magic							620
	This incipient philosophy asGaulish druidism							622
	The Gauls not all of one and thesame beliefs							623
	The name and the man							624
	Enw, ‘name,’ and theidea of breathing							625
	The exact nature of the associationstill obscure							627
	The Celts not distinguishingbetween names and things							628
	A Celt’s name on him, not byhim or with him							629
	The druid’s method ofname-giving non-Aryan							631
	Magic requiring metricalformulæ							632
	The professional man’s curseproducing blisters							632
	A natural phenomenon arguing athin-skinned race							633
	Cursing of no avail without thevictim’s name							635
	Magic and kingship linked in thefemale line							636