Fig. 84.—Details of the ring of Saturn observed by Trouvelot with the 26-inch Washington Refractor.

In close double stars therefore, or in the more minute markings of the sun, moon, or planets, we have tests of its defining power; and if this is equally good in the instruments examined, the revelations of telescopes as they increase in power are of the most amazing kind.

A 3¾-inch suffices to show Saturn with all the detail shown in Fig. [83], while Fig. [84] shows us the further minute structure of the rings which comes out when the planet is observed with an aperture of 26 inches.

In the matter of double stars, a telescope of 2 inches aperture, with powers varying from 60 to 100, should show the following stars double:—

Polaris.
αPiscium.
μDraconis.
γArietis.
ρHerculis.
ζUrsæ Majoris.
αGeminorum.
γLeonis.
ξCassiopeæ.

A 4-inch aperture, powers 80-120, reveals the duplicity of—

βOrionis.
εHydræ.
εBoötis.
ιLeonis.
αLyræ.
ξUrsæ Majoris.
γCeti.
δGeminorum.
σCassiopeæ.
εDraconis.

A 6-inch, powers 240-300—

εArietis.
32Orionis.
λOphiuchi.
20Draconis.
κGeminorum.
ιEquulei.
ξHerculis.
ξBoötis.

An 8-inch—