J. NORMAN LOCKYER.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER PAGE
Prefacevii
[I].The Worship of the Sun and the Dawn1
[II].The First Glimpses of Egyptian Astronomy9
[III].The Astronomical Basis of the Egyptian Pantheon20
[IV].The Two Horizons40
[V].The Yearly Path of the Sun-God51
[VI].The Probable Hor-Shesu Worship58
[VII].Methods of Determining the Orientation of Temples67
[VIII].The Earliest Solar Shrines in Egypt73
[IX].Other Similar Shrines Elsewhere86
[X].The Solar Temple of Amen-Rā at Karnak99
[XI].The Age of the Temple of Amen-Rā at Karnak113
[XII].The Stars—their Risings and Settings120
[XIII].The Egyptian Heavens.—The Zodiacs of Denderah132
[XIV].The Circumpolar Constellations: the Myth of Horus144
[XV].Temples Directed to the Stars155
[XVI].Further Inquiries with regard to the Stellar Temples167
[XVII].The Building Inscriptions173
[XVIII].The Star Temples at Karnak182
[XIX].The Personification of Stars—The Temple of Isis at Denderah192
[XX].The Personification of Stars (Continued)—The Temple of Hathor at Denderah201
[XXI].Star-Cults210
[XXII].Star-Cults (Continued)—Amen-t and Khons220
[XXIII].The Egyptian Year and the Nile226
[XXIV].The Years of 360 and 365 Days243
[XXV].The Vague and the Sirian Years249
[XXVI].The Sothic Cycle and the Use made of It257
[XXVII].The Calendar and its Revision266
[XXVIII].The Fixed Year and Festival Calendars274
[XXIX].The Mythology of Isis and Osiris287
[XXX].The Temple-Stars304
[XXXI].The History of Sun-Worship at Annu and Thebes315
[XXXII].The Early Temple and Great Pyramid Builders325
[XXXIII].The Cult of Northern as opposed to Southern Stars341
[XXXIV].The Origin of Egyptian Astronomy—The Northern Schools359
[XXXV].The Origin of Egyptian Astronomy (Continued)—The Thebes School371
[XXXVI].General Conclusions as to the North and South Races387
[XXXVII].The Egyptian and Babylonian Ecliptic Constellations396
[XXXVIII].The Influence of Egypt upon Temple-Orientation in Greece412

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE
The Temple of Amen-Rā looking fromthe Sanctuary towards the Place ofSunset at the Summer SolsticeFrontispiece
The Rosetta Stone[9]
Temple of Edfû, looking East; showingPylon and Outer Court[13]
Great Court of Heaven, at the Entranceto the Hathor Temple at Denderah[15]
Temple Gate with Propylon and Obelisks[16]
Hathor Temple of Dêr el-Bahari[17]
The Central Portion of the CircularZodiac of Denderah[18]
Tablet of Kings at Abydos*[21]
Harpocrates[23]
Rā, Min-Rā; Amen-Rā[24]
Sebak-Rā, Chnemu-Rā[25]
Anubis, or Set, Anubis-Osiris, Osiris(as a Mummy)[26]
Osiris seated[27]
Various Forms of Bes—as Warrior,Musician, and Buffoon[28]
Khons-Lunus, Thoth-Lunus, the GoddessSesheta[29]
The Weighing of the Soul by Horusand Anubis, in Presence of Osiris*[30]
Thoth and Sesheta Writing the Nameof Rameses II. on the Fruit of thePersea[31]
Cleopatra as the Goddess Isis[32]
Isis (seated)[33]
The Rising Sun Horus between Isis andNephthys[34]
The Goddess Nu-t[35]
The Goddess Nu-t represented Double[36]
Various Forms of Shu[37]
Forms of Ptah, the God of Memphis[38]
Apparent Movement of the Stars to anObserver at the North Pole[40]
Apparent Movement of the Stars to anObserver at the Equator[41]
The Celestial Sphere Viewed from aMiddle Latitude[42]
A Terrestrial Globe with Wafer attachedto Show the Varying Conditions ofObservation in a Middle Latitude[43]
Showing Amplitudes reckoned from theEast or West Points to N.P., NorthPoint of Horizon, and S.P., SouthPoint of Horizon[46]
Diagram Showing the Various Amplitudesat which Stars of DifferentDeclinations Rise and Set in DifferentLatitudes[49]
Earth and Sun at the Equinoxes[54]
Earth and Sun at the Solstices[55]
Diagrams Showing Position of the Sunin Relation to the Zenith of Londonat the Northern Winter Solstice andat the Northern Summer Solstice[56]
Azimuth Compass[67]
Theodolite for Determining Azimuthand Altitudes[68]
Magnetic Map of the British Isles,Showing the Variation at DifferentPoints[71]
Plan of the Mounds at Abydos. FromMariette[74]
The Mounds and Obelisk at Annu[76]
The Colossi of the Plain at Thebes atHigh Nile, Oriented to the Sunriseat the Winter Solstice[79]
Plan of Memphis[80]
East and West Pyramids and Templesat Gîzeh[81]
Temple and Temenos Walls of Tanis[82]
Temple and Temenos Walls of Saïs(Sa-el-Hagar)[83]
The Temple near the Sphinx, lookingWest (True), Showing its relationto the South Face of the SecondPyramid[84]
Stonehenge, from the North[90]
Stonehenge Restored[91]
Plan of St. Peter's at Rome, Showingthe Door Facing the Sunrise[96]
St. Peter's at Rome; Façade Facing theEast (true)[97]
Axis of the Temple of Amen-Rā fromthe Western Pylon, Looking South-East[100]
Plan of the Temple of Amen-Rā andsome of its Surroundings, Includingthe Sacred Lake*[101]
View to the South-West from the SacredLake of Amen-Rā[103]
Ruins of Door at Entrance of the Sanctuary[104]
The Obelisks near the Oldest Part ofthe Temple of Amen-Rā[105]
Inner Court and Sanctuary at Edfû[106]
Plan of the Temple of Amen-Rā[118]
Model Illustrating the Precession ofthe Equinoxes[125]
Star-map Representing the PrecessionalMovement of the Celestial Polefrom the Year 4000 B.C. to the year2000 A.D.[127]
Northern Half of the So-called SquareZodiac of Denderah[136]
Sirius and Orion (18th Dynasty)[139]
Astronomical Drawing's from Bibân el-Mulûk(18th Dynasty)[140]
Ruins of the Ramesseum, where theMonth-Tables were found[142]
The God of Darkness—Set[144]
Various Forms of Anubis[145]
Forms of Typhon[146]
Mestha. Hāpi, Tuamāutef, Qebhsennuf[147]
Set-Horus[149]
Illustration from a Theban Tomb[151]
Horus and Crocodiles[152]
Horus and Crocodiles, Ptah and Crocodiles[153]
Ground Plan of Edfû[157]
Ground Plan of the Temple of Hathorat Denderah; Plan of the Temple ofSeti at Abydos[158]
Plan of the Temple of Rameses II. inthe Memnonia at Thebes[159]
Plan of Temples at Medînet-Habû[164]
The Bent Axis of the Temple of Luxor[165]
The Laying of the Foundation StoneCeremonial[174]
Plan of the Temples at Karnak Showingtheir Orientations*To face p. [183]
Plan of Denderah[192]
Ruins of the Mamisi (Place of Birth) or Temple of Isis at Denderah[195]
Ceremonial Procession in an EgyptianTemple[199]
Orientation of the Temple of Hathor atDenderah[202]
Capital, with Masks of Hathor withCow's Ears[216]
The Cow of Isis[217]
Hathor as a Cow[218]
Hathor, "The Cow of the Western Hills"[219]
The Annual Rise and Fall of the Nile[228]
Hāpi, the God of the Nile[229]
Different Forms of Thoth[232]
Scale of the Nilometer at Rôda[235]
The Island of Rôda[236]
Conditions of the Heliacal Rising ofSirius from 4000 B.C. to 600 A.D.*[255]
The Distribution of the 1st of Thoth(representing the Rise of Sirius)among the Egyptian Months in the1460-year Sothic Cycle[258]
Julian Dates of the 1st of Thoth(Vague) from 23 A.D. and 240 A.D.[267]
The Month-Table at the Ramesseum*[276]
Black Granite Statue of Sekhet fromthe Temple of Mut at Thebes[288]
The Goddess Taurt; the Goddess Serk-tor Selk-t (both with Horns and Disk)[289]
Nit (two forms of); Bast[290]
Anuqa; Sati[291]
Isis Nursing Horus[292]
Isis, Osiris and Horus[297]
A "Change of Cult" at Luxor[298]
Curves showing the Declinations ofSome of the Stars used by the Egyptian Astronomers at DifferentEpochs[307]
The Temples at Tell el-Amarna[322]
Apis (two forms of)[330]
Mnevis[331]
The Two Great Pyramids at the Timeof the Inundation[332]
The Step-Pyramid of Sakkarah[334]
The Pyramid of Mêdûm[335]
The "Blunted Pyramid" of Dashûr[336]
Ship of Hāt-Shepset Laden with Producefrom Pun-t*[346]
Huts Built on Piles in Pun-t[347]
Cynocephalus Ape with Moon Emblem[349]
Plan of the Pyramids at Nuri[355]
Plan of the Temples and Pyramids atGebel Barkal[358]
Statue of Chephren, Found in Templenear the Sphinx[368]
The Temples at Philæ[382]
The Temple at Amada[383]
Chnemu[385]
The Winged Solar Disk[391]
A Greek Temple Restored—the Templeof Poseidon at Pæstum[413]
The Temple of Theseus at Athens: theAcropolis, with the Parthenon, in theBackground[414]
The East Front of the Parthenon, Facingthe Rising of the Pleiades[415]
The Temple of Jupiter Olympius Belowthe Acropolis at Athens. Oriented toα Arietis[420]
[Transcriber's note: * indicates images which link to a larger image on devices which support this facility.]

ERRATA.

Page 34, inscription to illustration: for Iris read Isis.

Page 83, inscription to illustration: for Sā-el-lager read Sa-el-Hagar.

Page 327, line 8 from top: for Dies read This.

THE
Dawn of Astronomy.