[1008] Malet’s Introduction to the History of Denmark.
[1009] Pliny, iv. 14. Procop. Bell. Vand. i. 1.
[1010] In O. Germ. Sper = hasta, lancea; Sperilîn = lanceola, sagitta; Ang. Sax. Sper, Engl. spear; Germ. Speer. The word seems to be a congener of Sparre, spar. Less commonly used is Spiess = hasta, cuspis; Scand. Spjot; O. Germ. Speoz, Spioz; Ang. Sax. spietu; Fr. espié, espiel, espiet, espieu; Ital. spiedo; Engl. spit. It seems to ally with the Lat. spina, and the Germ. Spitze (Jähns, p. 413).
[1011] The peculiar celts, chisels, spear-points, &c., extended over all the peninsula of Jutland, and as far south as Mark Brandenburg (Jähns, p. 6).
[1012] Neither Cæsar nor Tacitus mentions the use of the bow amongst the ancient Gauls and Germans, although the graves yield arrow-heads of stone, bone, and iron.
[1013] Dr. Evans, Bronze &c., p. 299.
[1014] I reserve Scandinavian weapons for Part II.
[1015] Origins of English History (London: Quaritch, 1852).
[1016] The Sword amongst the Anglo-Saxons and the Franks will be described at full length in Part II.
[1017] These are: