Spanish America, Vol. 2 (of 2)

by Sir Richard Henry Bonnycastle

Making a total of 8,149,800l. sterling; to which may be added more than another million for the contraband trade.

The Commerce of these countries annually averages in—

	£ Sterling.
Importations	12,826,500
Exportations of agricultural produce	6,500,000
Exportations of gold and silver	8,149,800

And the annual Revenue is equal to nearly eight millions of pounds sterling.

---

INDEX
TO
THE PRINCIPAL PLACES AND SUBJECTS
TREATED OF IN THE FOREGOING VOLUMES.

---

• A
• Abancay, district and town of, Peru, ii. [143].
• Abancay, battle of the bridge of, ii. [98].
• Abipons Indians, ii. [228].
• Abolishment of the slave trade, ii. [22].
• Acamapitzin, King of Mexico, i. 109.
• Acapulco, city of Mexico, unhealthiness of, i. 34.
• Great mart for New Spain and India, 41.
• Description of, population, &c., 133.
• Aconcagua, city and province of, Chili, ii. [269].
• Agave, or aloe, supplies the liquor most drank in Mexico, and method of making it, i. 39.
• Aguas Calientes, city of New Spain, i. 101.
• Aguaracatay, lake of La Plata, ii. [163].
• Aguatulco, town of New Spain, i. 153.
• Aguilar Jeromimo, found on the Isle of Cozumel, by Cortez, i. 196.
• Ahuitzotl, Mexican King, i. 113.
• Aillavalu toqui or war chief of Chili, ii. [237].
• Alamos, mine of, New Spain, i. 92.
• Alangi, or St. Jago El Angel, town of Guatimala, i. 179.
• Alausi, city of New Granada, i. 320.
• Albuquerque, town of New Spain, i. 69.
• Alcolhuacan, kingdom, i. 103.
• Alfinger and Sailler, German merchants, cruelties practised by, in Caraccas, ii. [59].
• Alligator of New Spain, i. 40.
• Of New Granada, 257. 317.
• Almagro, revolt of, against Pizarro, ii. [97].
• Conquest of Chili by, [234].
• Almendral, town of Chili, ii. [269].
• Alpaco or Peruvian sheep, ii. [255].
• Alto de Tiopullo, chain of the, i. 300.
• Alvarado, expedition to Peru by, ii. [96].
• Amalgamation works of New Spain; mercury consumed by the, i. 44.
• Amatiques, gulf, New Spain, i. 166.
• Amazonia, discovery of, by Orellana, i. 292.
• Ambergris Key or Ubero Island, i. 197.
• Amelia island, Florida, i. 19.
• America, Spanish, extent of, i. 208.
• America, Spanish, North, era of discovery of, i. 1.
• Extent of, 4.
• Political and territorial divisions, i. 6.
• America, Spanish, South, general idea of, i. 207.
• Boundaries, 208.
• Political divisions, ib.
• Era of discovery, 209.
• America, Portuguese, population of, ii. [319].
• Amerigo Vespucci, publishes the first regular account of America, i. 3.
• Voyages of, 211.
• Amotape, village of Peru, ii. [121].
• Amparaes, district of La Plata, ii. [178].
• Ampolaba, or Boa Constrictor of Tucuman, ii. [206].
• Ampues, first governor of Caraccas, ii. [20].
• Anahuac, ancient name of Mexico, i. 104.
• Anahuac, Cordillera of, i. 35.
• Plain of ib.
• Anco, town of Peru, ii. [139].
• Ancud, gulf of, ii. [283].
• Andagualas, district and town of Peru, ii. [140].
• Andalusia, New. See New Andalusia.
• Andero, or St. Andres Isle, gulf of Mexico, i. 199.
• Andes, Cordillera of, in New Spain, i. 35. 68.
• Description of the, 219.
• Andes de Cuzco, ii. [144].
• Andes of Chili, ii. [248].
• Angaraes, district of Peru, ii. [134].
• Angelos Puebla de los, city of New Spain, i. 140.
• Angostura, or Santo Tomé, capital of Guiana, ii. [4].
• Animal food, the secondary article of human nourishment in New Spain, i. 39.
• Animals of New Spain, i. 40.
• Antioquia, or Santa Fé, province of New Granada, i. 271.
• City of ditto, 272.
• Antiquities of New Spain, i. 52.
• Antonio, St., Castle or Citadel of Cumana, ii. [27].
• Apacheria, country of New Spain, i. 72.
• Apaches, Indians, i. 72. 75.
• Apalachia, town of, Florida, i. 12.
• River of, Florida, 15.
• Apallachicola, river, Florida, i. 14.
• Apo-Ulmens, chiefs of the Araucanians, ii. [290].
• Apolabamba, district of La Plata, ii. [191].
• Apura, or Apure, river of Caraccas, i. 262. ii. [66].
• Apurimac, river, i. 325.
• Sources of, in Peru, ii. [149].
• Araguato, singular monkey in Caraccas, ii. [39].
• Aranta, town of, Peru, ii. [147].
• Araucania, or Indian Chili boundaries, extent, ii. [287].
• Araucanian Indians, ii. [288].
• Arauco, river of Caraccas, ii. [67].
• Araura, town of Caraccas, ii. [57].
• Araya, salt works of, in Caraccas, ii. [30].
• Archbishopric of Mexico, i. 48.
• Of Lima, ii. [130].
• Archidona, town of Quito, i. 335.
• Archipelago of Chiloe, ii. [283].
• Arequipa, intendancy of, in Peru, ii. [147].
• Arequipa, city of, Peru, scite, population, foundation, rivers, climate, vicinity, trade, port, ii. [147].
• Bishopric, public edifices, earthquakes at, [148].
• Ari, singular deity of the Muzos Indians, i. 270.
• Arica, district and city of, Peru, ii. [150].
• Arispe, city of, New Spain, i. 89.
• Armadillo, ii. [256].
• Army, of New Spain, i. 56. 61.
• Aroa, river of, Caraccas, ii. [45].
• Arrival of the Spaniards in Peru, i. 288.
• Asangaro y Asila, district of, La Plata, ii. [188].
• Asterillo, port of Chili, ii. [276].
• Astorpilcos, descendants of the Peruvian Incas, ii. [125].
• Ascension, river, New Spain, i. 87.
• Asuncion, capital of Paraguay, ii. [203].
• Atabalipa, or Atahualpa, History of, in Quito, i. 286.
• Fifteenth Inca of Peru, ii. [86]. 90.
• Death of, [94].
• Atacama, district and town of, La Plata, ii. [190].
• Atacames, government of. See Tacames.
• Atavillos, marquess of, title granted to Pizarro, ii. [96].
• Atlixco, town of, New Spain, i. 143.
• Atrato, river of, Darien, i. 240.
• Atures, cataract, i. 221.
• Audienza, Real, of New Spain, i. 33. 59.
• Audienza, Real, of Santa Fé de Bogota, i 214.
• Of Quito, ib.
• Of Lima, ii. [77].
• Of Buenos Ayres, [171].
• Of Los Charcas, [173].
• Augustin, San, capital of, East Florida, i. 11.
• Avila, town of Quito, i. 336.
• Axayacatl, King of Mexico, i. 112.
• Ayaupa, Isle of the Archipelago of Chonos, ii. [287].
• Aymaraez, district of, Peru, ii. [146].
• Aztecas, ancient Mexican people, i. 106.
• B
• Baba, district of Quito, i. 313.
• Babahoyo, district of Quito, i. 312.
• Town of ditto, 313.
• Bacuachi fort, New Spain, i. 92.
• Baeza, town of Quito, i. 335.
• Bahia Negra, Spanish boundaries on the Paraguay, ii. [165].
• Balize, British settlement in Honduras, i. 173.
• Balsas, or Rafts of Guayaquil, i. 315.
• Banana, uses of the, in New Spain, i. 37. 244.
• Baracoa, town of Cuba, i. 191.
• Baragan, mountain of New Granada, i. 221. 276.
• Baranca del Malambo, town of New Granada, i. 250.
• Barcelona, province of. See New Barcelona.
• Barcelona, city of, in Caraccas, scite, foundation, buildings, ii. [31].
• Population, trade, [32].
• Barquisimeto, city of Caraccas, population, scite, foundation, climate, trade, ii. [53].
• Public buildings, &c., [54].
• Bastidas, discoveries of, i. 213.
• Batabano, town of Cuba, i. 191.
• Batopilas, native silver sometimes found in the mines of, i. 43.
• ----, mining town of New Spain, i. 94.
• Bavispe fort, in New Spain, i. 92.
• Bayamo, or St. Salvador, town of Cuba, i. 191.
• Benalcazar, conquest of Quito by, i. 214. 288.
• Beni river, i. 326. ii. [144]. 194.
• Biriquite, district of New Granada, i. 274.
• Biru, town of Peru, ii. [125].
• Biscay, New. See New Biscay.
• Bishops of New Spain, i. 48.
• Blanca isle, Caribbean sea, ii. [298].
• Blanco, river of New Spain, i. 149.
• Blanquillo, mountain of Chili, ii. [249].
• Bluefields river, Guatimala, i. 172.
• Boca de los Navios, great mouth of the Orinoco, ii. [41].
• Boca del Sierpe and Del Drago, names given by Columbus to the channels between Trinidad and Caraccas, ii. [19].
• Bochica, great lawgiver of the Bogotians, i. 217. 228.
• Bogota. See Santa Fé.
• Bolaños mines, in New Spain, i. 43
• Bolivar, leader of the insurgents in Caraccas, ii. [3].
• Bolson de Mapimi, desert in New Spain, i. 94.
• Bonacao island, in the gulf of Mexico, i. 197.
• Boracha, high rock of the Caribbean sea, ii. [299].
• Bore or Pororoca of the Maranon, i. 331.
• Of other rivers, 332.
• Borja, town of Quito, i. 324.
• Borriquen, ancient name of Puerto Rico, i. 182.
• Boundary line between the United States and Florida, i. 16.
• Bravo, Rio del Norte, description of, i. 45. 70.
• Estuary of, 98.
• Bridges, pendulous, i. 224.
• Rope, on the Magdalena river, 256.
• Natural, 265.
• Peruvian, over the Rio Desaguadero, ii. [186].
• Brigantin, chain of mountains in Caraccas, ii. [30].
• Bucaniers, plunder of Maracaybo by, ii. [62].
• Buenara, lake of New Spain, i. 87.
• Buenavista, mountain of Caraccas, ii. [39].
• Buenos Ayres, viceroyalty of.
• Boundaries and extent, ii. [155].
• Political and territorial divisions, [156].
• History and discovery, ib.
• Late events in, [159].
• Present condition of, [161].
• Features, climate, &c., ib.
• Lakes, [162].
• Rivers, [164].
• Commerce and resources, [167].
• Capital, [168].
• Provinces of, [171]-230.
• ----, government of.
• Boundaries, history, &c., ii. [220].
• Climate, features, &c., [222].
• Method of travelling over the plains, [223].
• Rivers, [224].
• Chief town and cities, [225]-228.
• Indian nations, [228].
• ----, city of.
• Population, scite, foundation, streets, squares, houses, cathedral and churches, ii. [168].
• Navigation of the La Plata, buildings, gardens, [169].
• Markets, trade, climate, pamperos, royal audience, [170].
• Buga, department of New Granada, i. 278.
• Burburata, village of Caraccas, ii. [50].
• Burying-places of the ancient Peruvians, i. 304.
• Butter of the Guacharo, ii. [38].
• C
• Cabot, Sebastian, discovery of the Rio de la Plata by, ii. [156].
• Cacao or chocolate tree, i. 257.
• ---- used as money by the Mexicans, i. 120.
• Cachemecan, kingdom, i. 105.
• Cachipampa, battle of, ii. [99].
• Caciques, of New Spain, i. 32.
• Cadaguela, toqui of the Chilese, ii. [241].
• Cadiz, town of Cuba, i. 192.
• Calabozo, city of Caraccas, ii. [57].
• Calbuco, island of the Archipelago of Chiloe, ii. [287].
• Calcaylares, district of, Peru, ii. [145].
• Calender of the Muyscas, i. 217.
• Callao, port of, Lima, ii. [119].
• Cali, department of, New Granada, i. 278.
• ----, town of, New Granada, i. 280.
• California, New and Old, extent, boundaries, and discovery, i. 76.
• Population, missions, 78.
• Natives, 79.
• Animals, commerce, 81.
• Description of the missions, 82.
• Capital, 83.
• Callo, palace of the Incas, i. 301.
• Caloto, department of, New Granada, i. 278
• Calquin, or large eagle of Chili, ii. [259].
• Camana, district and town of Peru, ii. [148].
• Campeche, city of New Spain, i. 156.
• Scite, fortifications, manufactures, logwood cutters, population, 157.
• Cana, town or fortress of Darien, i. 240.
• Canal de la Raspadura in Choco, unites the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, i. 273.
• ---- of Mexico, i. 131.
• ---- de Pedernales, a mouth of the Orinoco, ii. [41].
• Canatagua, Sierra de, chain of mountains dividing North and South America, i. 177.
• Canas y Canches or Tinta, district of, Peru, ii. [145].
• Canavami, mountain, i. 221.
• Canete, town and district of, Peru, ii. [133].
• Cannibalism, nations probably accused falsely of, i. 232.
• Cansada, immense stone of the wall of Cuzco, ii. [142].
• Canta, town and district of Peru, ii. [132].
• Capac Yupanqui, fifth Inca of Peru, ii. [85].
• Capaguas Indians, ii. [153].
• Capanaparo, river of, Caraccas, ii. [67].
• Cape Casinas, name given to Cape Honduras by Columbus, i. 210.
• ---- Catoche, New Spain, i. 173.
• ---- Cross, Florida, i. 19.
• ---- Florida, i. 19.
• ---- Gracias a Dios, Guatimala, i. 172.
• ---- Honduras, i. 173.
• ---- Roman, Florida, i. 19.
• ---- Sable, Florida, i. 19.
• ---- St. Blaz, Florida, i. 19.
• Captain General of Caraccas, ii. [2].
• Capure, a mouth of the Orinoco, ii. [41].
• Caqueta, River, New Granada, sources of, i. 281.
• Caraccas, Captain generalship of, boundaries and extent, ii. [1].
• Political divisions and government, discovery and history, [2].
• Capital, [4].
• Features of the country, &c., [8].
• Rivers, [9].
• Indians, [12].
• Lakes, [15].
• Provinces, [18].
• Commerce, [47].
• ----, city of, situation and foundation, ii. [4].
• Streets, buildings, population, theatre, surrounding country, [5].
• Climate, earthquake, [6].
• Port, [7].
• ----, Islands, Caribbean sea, ii. [299].
• Carabaya, district and town of, La Plata, ii. [189].
• Carahuasi, district of, Peru, ii. [141].
• Caranjas, district of, La Plata, ii. [180].
• Carapochas Indians, ii. [153].
• Caratapona, isle in Lake Valencia, ii. [17].
• Carguirazo, mountain of Quito, i. 302.
• Cariaco, Gulf of Caraccas, ii. [28].
• ----, town of Caraccas, ii. [39].
• Carib Indians, i. 222. ii. [14].
• Caramari, Indian name of Carthagena, i. 212.
• Caripe, river of Caraccas, ii. [39].
• ----, convent of Caraccas, ii. [37].
• Carora, city of Caraccas, ii. [52].
• Carthagena, province of New Granada, boundaries, extent, features, produce, forests, animals, i. 241.
• Birds, insects, reptiles, 243.
• Fruits, inhabitants, 244.
• Discovery, 245.
• Capital, 246.
• Towns, 250.
• ----, city of, in New Granada, situation, suburbs, i. 246.
• Fortifications, bay, climate, 247.
• Public buildings, inhabitants, 248.
• Offices, trade, history, 249.
• Exports and imports, 250.
• Carthago, town of Popayan, i. 280.
• ----, town of Guatimala, i. 176.
• Casanare, province of New Granada, i. 264.
• Casas Grandes de Rio Gila, i. 75.
• ---- Grandes in New Biscay, i. 106.
• Casibos Indians, ii. [152].
• Cassava bread, i. 37.
• ---- or manioc forms the bread of the Indians, i. 216.
• Cassiquiari river, i. 332.
• Cassiquiari, river, ii. [10].
• Cassiquin river, ii. [154].
• Castro, town of Chiloe, ii. [286].
• ---- vireyna, district and town of Peru, ii. [137].
• Catacatche village, of New Granada, i. 304.
• Cataract of Tequendama, i. 224.
• Cataracts of the Rio Pusambio in Popayan, 281.
• Cataract of Maypures and Atures, 221. ii. [11].
• Catorce, mine of New Spain, i. 98.
• Cauca, river of New Granada, i. 246. 279.
• Caupolican, toqui of the Chilese, ii. [238].
• Cauquenes, town of Chili, ii. [275].
• Causeway of ancient Mexico, i. 120. 132.
• Of the Incas in Quito, 285. 308.
• Cavern of the Guacharo in Caraccas, ii. [37].
• Of Rapel in Chili, [274].
• Caxamarca, defeat and imprisonment of Huascar Inca at, i. 287.
• Battle of, ii. [92].
• District and town of Peru, [125].
• Caxatambo, town and district of, Peru, ii. [129]
• Cayambe Urcu, mountain of Quito, i. 300.
• ----, village of New Granada, i. 304.
• Cayancura, toqui of the Chilese, ii. [241].
• Caylloma, town and district of Peru, ii. [149].
• Cayman Lake, New Spain, i. 46.
• Cedros, Isle, Pacific Ocean, i. 200.
• Celaya, city of, New Spain, i. 102.
• Cerro de la Giganta, chain of mountains in California, i. 80.
• Cerro del Brigantin, chain of mountains in Caraccas, ii. [30].
• Cerro de la Sal, chain of mountains in Peru, ii. [153].
• Cerro de Cuchivano, chain of mountains in Caraccas, ii. [34].
• Chacao, town of the island of Chiloe, ii. [286].
• Chacao, plain, near Caraccas, ii. [5].
• Chachapoyas, district of, Peru, ii. [125].
• Chachapoyas, or Juan de la Frontera, town of, Peru, ii. [126].
• Chacos, territory of, La Plata, ii. [195].
• ----, river of, La Plata, ii. [207].
• Chagre, river of, New Granada, i. 231.
• Chalco, lake, New Spain, i. 130.
• Chancay, district and town of, Peru, ii. [132].
• Chapala, lake of, New Spain, i. 46. 100.
• Chapultepec, aqueduct of, Mexico, i. 66.
• Charcas, mines of, New Spain, i. 98.
• ----, or Potosi, government of, boundaries, and districts of, ii. [171].
• History, capital of, [172].
• Provincial descriptions, [173].
• ----, district of, La Plata, ii. [173].
• Chayantas, district of, La Plata, ii. [179].
• Chaymas, Indians, ii. [12].
• Cheuque, or ostrich of Chili, ii. [259].
• Chia, consort of Bochica, singular tradition concerning, i. 228.
• Chiapa, province of Guatimala, boundaries, extent, features, and rivers, i. 163.
• Productions, animals, inhabitants, capital, 164.
• ----, Real, city of Guatimala, situation, government, inhabitants, cathedral, i. 164.
• ---- de los Indios, city of Guatimala, scite, description, inhabitants, climate, churches, amusements of the natives, vicinity, trade, i. 165.
• ----, river of, Guatimala, i. 164.
• Chibcha, or language of the Muyscas, i. 218.
• Chica, an intoxicating liquor made by the Indians of Peru and La Plata, ii. [189].
• Chichas y Tarijas, district, La Plata, ii. [177].
• Chicometepec, river, New Spain, i. 155.
• Chihuahua, city of, New Spain, i. 94.
• Chilca, famous for saltpetre, town of, Peru, ii. [133].
• Chilese, ancient, ii. [232].
• Chillan, mountain of, Chili, ii. [249].
• Chillan, town, and district of, Chili, ii. [276].
• Chili, Captain-generalship of, extent and boundaries, ii. [230].
• Political and territorial divisions and government, [231].
• Discovery, and history of, ib.
• Climate, features, [243].
• Recent events in, [244].
• Rivers, and lakes, [250].
• Mines, [251].
• Population, [253].
• Animals, ib.
• Commerce, [262].
• Capital, [263].
• Continental provinces, [264].
• Insular provinces, [282].
• Araucania, [287].
• Chili-dugu, or language of the Chilese, ii. [253].
• Chilihueques, or Araucanian sheep, ii. [254].
• Chiloe, islands of, ii. [283].
• Chilotes, Indians, ii. [284].
• Chilques y Masques, district of, Peru, ii. [145].
• Chimalapa, river of, New Spain, i. 155.
• Chimbo, district and town of, New Granada, i. 310.
• Chimborazo, mountain, i. 219. 298.
• Chingasa, mountain of, New Granada, i. 265.
• Chiquillanes, Indians, ii. [288].
• Chiquitos, Indians, ii. [193].
• Chiquitos, district and town of, La Plata, ii. [192].
• Chiriguanos, Indians, ii. [193].
• Chiriqui, bay of, Guatimala, i. 199.
• Choco, province of, New Granada, i. 273.
• Chocolate, name originally Mexican, i. 39.
• ----, manufacture of, i. 258.
• Chocope, town of, Peru, ii. [125].
• Chollolan, republic, i. 104.
• Cholula, pyramids of, i. 141.
• ----, city of, New Spain, ancient capital of the republic of Chollolan, population and history, i. 142.
• Cholutecas, or Xeses, district and town of, Guatimala, i. 163.
• Choropampa, or the plain of shells, Peru, ii. [80].
• Chota, mines of, Peru, ii. [79]. [125].
• Chuchanga, town of, New Granada, i. 322.
• Chucuito, district and town of, La Plata, ii. [185].
• Chucuito, lake, La Plata, ii. [163]. 185.
• Chumbivilcas, district of, Peru, ii. [146].
• Chunchos, country of, Peru, ii. [145]. 154.
• Chuquisaca, or La Plata, city of La Plata, scite, climate, ii. [172].
• Foundation, buildings, Indians, royal audience, magistracy, and population, [173].
• Cinaloa, district, New Spain, i. 90.
• ----, city of, New Spain, i. 92.
• Cinchona, or Peruvian bark, i. 320.
• Citlaltepetl, or Pico de Orizaba, i. 150.
• Claim of the Spanish government to the west coast of America, i. 5.
• ---- of the United States government to part of New Spain, i. 56.
• Clayborne, fort of, the United States, i. 96.
• Clergy of New Spain, i. 48. 61.
• Climate of Florida, i. 9.
• ---- of New Spain, i. 34.
• ---- of Cuba, i. 186.
• ---- of New Granada, i. 218.
• ---- of Caraccas, ii. [6].
• ---- of Peru, ii. [81].
• ---- of La Plata, ii. [161].
• ---- of Chili, ii. [245].
• Coaguila, city and province of, New Spain, i. 96.
• Coal of New Spain, i. 45.
• Coban, city of, Guatimala, i. 166.
• Coca, or betel of America, i. 275.
• Cochabamba, province of, La Plata, ii. [181].
• Coche, Island, Caribbean Sea, ii. [299].
• Cochineal, of New Spain, i. 39.
• Cocinas, Indians, i. 261.
• Cocollar, chain of the, in Caraccas, ii. [35].
• Cocomaricopas, Indians, i. 87.
• Cofre de Perote, mountain, i. 35. 150.
• Coinage of the mint of Mexico, i. 53.
• ---- of Santa Fé de Bogota, i. 228.
• ---- of Popayan, ib.
• ---- of Lima, ii. [81].
• ---- of Potosi, ii. [175].
• Colchagua, province and city of, Chili, ii. [273].
• Colhuacan, kingdom, i. 107.
• Colima, volcano of, New Spain, i. 100.
• College of mines at, Mexico, i. 45.
• Colon, Don Pedro Nuno, Duke of Veragua, viceroy of New Spain, a descendant of Columbus, i. 31.
• Colonia del Sacramento, territory of La Plata, ii. [228].
• Colorado, river of, New Spain, i. 45. 87.
• Colorado de Texas, river of, New Spain, i. 98.
• Colorado, river of, Caraccas, ii. [36].
• Columbus, first voyage of, and discovery of America by, i. 2.
• Second voyage, i. 3.
• Third voyage, ib.
• Sent to Spain in irons, ib.
• Fourth voyage, 4. 210.
• Wrecked on Jamaica, 211.
• Death of, at Valladolid, ib.
• Discovery of Caraccas by, ii. [18].
• Comandantes Generales, of New Spain, i. 33.
• Comayaguas, or Valladolid, city in Guatimala, i. 175.
• Commerce of New Spain, i. 53.
• ---- of Cuba, i. 190.
• ---- of New Granada, i. 215.
• ---- of La Guayra, the port of Caraccas, ii. [8].
• ---- of Caraccas, ii. [47].
• ---- of Peru, ii. [77].
• ---- of La Plata, ii. [167].
• ---- of Paraguay, ii. [202].
• ---- of Chili, ii. [262].
• ---- of the island of Chiloe, ii. [285].
• Concepcion del Pao, city of, Caraccas, ii. [40].
• ----, city of, La Plata, ii. [204].
• ---- or Penco, city of, Chili, ii. [277].
• Conchocando, title of the kings of Quito, i. 284.
• Conchapatu, silver mine of, Peru, ii. [132].
• Conchucos, city and district of, Peru, ii. [129].
• Condor, ii. [260].
• Condesuyos de Arequipa, district of Peru, ii. [148].
• Condonoma, mine of, Peru, ii. [145].
• Conibos Indians, ii. [152].
• Conquest of Mexico, i. 22.
• Continental provinces of Chili, ii. [264].
• Continent of America, first discovered by Cabot, ii. [196].
• Conuco, or public garden of a mission village, ii. [34].
• Copacavana town, on an island in lake Chucuito, ii. [186].
• Copala, mine of New Spain, i. 100.
• Copiapo, province and town of Chili, ii. [265].
• Copper, ancient Mexicans made their tools of, i. 44.
• Coquimbo, province and town of Chili, ii. [265].
• Coquimbanes, Islands of Chili, ii. [282].
• Corcobado, mountain of Chili, ii. [249]. 285. 302.
• Cordilleras, of New Spain, i. 35.
• Cordilleras de los Andes, description of, i. 219.
• Cordillera, of New Granada and Caraccas, i. 220.
• Cordillera of the cataracts of the Orinoco, i. 221.
• Of Chiquitos, 222.
• Of Santa Marta, 253.
• Of Merida, 261.
• Of Santa Fé, 265.
• Of Santa Fé de Antioquia, 272.
• Of Popayan, 276.
• Of Quito, 298.
• Of Caraccas, ii. [8].
• Of Chiquitos [162]. 193.
• Of the Chiriguanos [192].
• Of Chili [248]. 301.
• Cordova, city of New Spain, i. 147.
• Cordova, city of La Plata, scite, edifices, trade, district surrounding, ii. [212].
• Corientes, river of La Plata, ii. [166]. City of La Plata, [227].
• Cortez, Fernando, history of, i. 21.
• Conquest of Mexico by, 22.
• Sets sail from Cuba, and arrives at Tabasco, meets the embassadors of Montezuma, who are astonished at the Europeans, arms, horses, &c., 23.
• Present from Montezuma, mutiny of the army, burns his fleet, 24.
• Marches for Mexico, conquers the Tlascalans, 25.
• Arrives at Mexico, seizes the Emperor, marches to fight Narvaez, 26.
• Returns to and evacuates Mexico, Montezuma slain, 28.
• Recruits his army, and again lays siege to the city, which capitulates on Guatimozin being taken and put to death, 29.
• Discovery of California by, 77.
• Cosumel Isle, discovery of, by Grijalva, history of, &c. i. 194.
• Costa Rica, province of Guatimala, i. 176.
• Cotabamba, district of, Peru, ii. [145].
• Cotopaxi volcano, i. 299.
• Coulemu, town of Chili, ii. [276].
• Council of the mines in New Spain, i. 45.
• Of the Indies, ii. [107].
• Crater of Pichinca, i. 299.
• Creoles, of New Spain, i. 47.
• Crevice of Icononzo, i. 266.
• Of Chota, 303.
• Crevices of the Andes, i. 224.
• Cruces, town of Panama, i. 231.
• Cuba, island of, situation, i. 183.
• Supposed to have been part of the continent, gulf-stream, extent, position, discovery, 184.
• History, climate, 185.
• Productions, forests, 186.
• Mines, cultivated part, population, mountains, 187.
• Government, revenue, army, capital, 188.
• Towns, 190.
• City of, 191.
• Pinos isle, 192.
• Cubagua, island, Caribbean sea, ii. [299].
• Cuchillo de Guanaguana, mountain of Caraccas, ii. [36].
• Cucurucho de Tumiriquiri, mountain of Caraccas, ii. [35].
• Cundinamarca, kingdom of, i. 217.
• Cuença, district and city of New Granada, i. 318.
• Cuernavaca, city of New Spain, i. 133.
• Cues, St. Antonio de los, ancient Aztec fort, i. 153.
• Cujo or Cuyo, government of La Plata, ii. [215].
• Boundaries, climate, features, history, rivers, lakes, productions, [216].
• Commerce, capital, [218].
• Cuitlahualtzin, or Quetlavaca, King of Mexico, i. 117.
• Culpeu, or Chili fox, singular habits of, ii. [257].
• Cumana, province of. See New Andalusia.
• Cumana, city of Caraccas, scite, ii. [25].
• Port, citadel, rivers, suburbs, buildings, climate, population, [26].
• Indians, [27].
• Customs of the inhabitants, harbour, earthquakes, [28].
• Environs, [30].
• Cumanacoa, town of Caraccas, ii. [32].
• Cumanagoto Indians, ii. [14].
• Cumanches Indians, i. 71.
• Cunches Indians, ii. [288].
• Curaçoa Island, trade of with Caraccas, ii. [50].
• Curico, mine of Chili, ii. [251].
• ---- town of Chili, ii. [275].
• Curimayo, ancient gold mines of Peru, ii. [80].
• Curuguaty, town of La Plata, ii. [204].
• Cuzcatlan, or San Salvador, city of Guatimala, i. 162.
• Cuzco, intendency of Peru, ii. [140].
• ----, city of, scite, foundation, ii. [141].
• Ancient splendour, history, antiquities, buildings, cathedral, [142].
• Temple of the sun, public edifices, bishopric, population, trade, [143].
• D
• Darien, isthmus of, i. 232.
• ----, province of New Granada, extent, climate, inhabitants, i. 239.
• Rivers, produce, population, capital, 240.
• Scotch colonization of, 241.
• ----, gulf of, i. 240.
• Daule, district of New Granada, i. 313.
• Danta, large animal of Quito, i. 323.
• Degu, or Chilese dormouse, ii. [256].
• Desaguadero, singular river of La Plata, ii. [180].
• Descabezado, mountain of Chili, ii. [249].
• Doctrinas, or villages of Spanish America, ii. [34].
• Dominic de Gourges, attack of Florida by, i. 7.
• Don Josef Sarmiento Valladares Conde de Montezuma, a descendant of Montezuma, viceroy of Mexico, i. 31.
• Doraces, Indians, i. 178.
• Duida mountain of Guiana, i. 222.
• Durango, intendancy of. See New Biscay.
• Durango, city of New Spain, i. 93.
• E
• Earthquakes at Guatimala, i. 160.
• At Quito, 294.
• At Riobamba, 307.
• At Caraccas, ii. [6].
• At Cumana, [28].
• At Valencia in Caraccas, [56].
• At Lima, [118].
• At Arequipa, [148].
• In Chili, [250].
• El Altar, mountain, i. 301.
• El Corazon, mountain, i. 300.
• El Dorado, or Golden mountain, i. 222.
• El Dorado, celebrated fictitious city, ii. [17], [18]. 71.
• Elevation on the Cordillera of New Spain, at which sugar, cotton, cacao, and indigo, and European grains flourish, i. 36.
• Also pines and the banana, 37.
• Ekanfanoga, a swamp in Florida, i. 16.
• Encomiendas, history of, ii. [106].
• Equator crosses the great mountain Cayambe Urcu, i. 300.
• Eruptions of Cotopaxi volcano, i. 310.
• Escambia Coenecah, river of Florida, i. 14.
• Escuintla, district of Guatimala, i. 163.
• Espiritu Santo, or Nassau Bay in Florida, i. 19.
• Europeans, number of in New Spain, i. 47.
• In Spanish America, ii. [319].
• European fruits and vegetables successfully cultivated in New Spain, i. 38.
• Excessive cold experienced by the French mathematicians in measuring the degree on the Andes, i. 302.
• F
• Farallones, rocks, Pacific Ocean, i. 200.
• Falkland, or Malouin Isles, ii. [300].
• False Maranon, i. 326.
• Features of the country of New Spain, i. 35.
• Of New Granada, 219.
• Of Caraccas, ii 8.
• Of Peru, 81.
• Of La Plata, 161.
• Of Chili, 245.
• Fernandina, town of Florida, i. 19.
• Fernando, St., mission of Caraccas, ii. [34].
• First European colony planted in the West Indies, i. 3.
• On the continent of America, 179.
• Flames, innoxious, of the Plains of Caraccas, ii. [29].
• Floating gardens of Mexico, i. 130.
• Floridas, boundaries, i. 6.
• Discovery of, history, 7.
• Cession of to Spain, 8.
• Productions, 10.
• Animals, 11.
• Capital of East Florida, ib.
• Capital of West Florida, 14.
• Rivers and lakes, ib.
• Islands, 18.
• Government, 19.
• Recent events, 20.
• Florida, town of Chili, ii. [275].
• Force which originally undertook the conquest of Mexico, i. 22.
• Fort Bourbon, Spanish fort on the Paraguay, ii. [165].
• Fort Nueva Coimbra, Portuguese settlement on the Paraguay, ii. [165].
• Fort Maullin, Chili, ii. [286].
• Fortress of the Incas at Cuzco, ii. [142].
• Fresnillo, town of New Spain, i. 99.
• Frontier forts of Chili, ii. [280].
• Funza, or Bogota river, i. 266.
• G
• Gallo, Isle, Pacific Ocean, ii. [297].
• Ganges in India subject to the Bore, i. 332.
• Gardens, floating, of Mexico, i, 130.
• Garito de Paramo, highest point of the pass of Quindiu, i. 277.
• General History of the Indies by Las Casas, ii. [25].
• Genoese merchants, the first traffickers in negro slaves, ii. [23].
• Gibraltar, city of Caraccas, ii. [63].
• Gila river, ancient Mexican city on its banks, i. 75.
• Girval, voyage of, up the Maranon, ii. [151].
• Goahiros Indians, i. 259.
• Godin's, Madam, journey down the Maranon, i. 331.
• Gold, generally procured by washings in New Spain, i. 43.
• Quantity of procured annually in New Spain, ib.
• Of Antioquia, 271.
• Of Peru, ii. [80].
• Gold washings of Choco, i. 274.
• Golden Castile, ancient denomination of Darien, &c. i. 212.
• Gonzalo Pizarro, exploratory journey of, i. 290.
• Gorgona, isle in the Pacific, ii. [297].
• Gracias a Dios, town of Guatimala, i. 175.
• ---- —— —— Cape, named by Columbus, i. 210.
• Granada, New. See New Granada.
• ----, Town of Guatimala, i. 168.
• Grand Manamo, a mouth of the Orinoco, ii. [41].
• Grand Para, a name of the Maranon, i. 326.
• Grant made to Cortez of part of Oaxaca, i. 154.
• Guacas, or tumuli of the ancient Peruvians, ii. [105].
• Guacharo cavern and birds, ii. [37].
• Guadalaxara, audience of, i. 99.
• Intendancy of, ib.
• Boundaries, extent, ib.
• Population, productions, rivers, volcanoes, lakes, capital, and towns, 101.
• ----, city of New Spain, scite, fertility of the country, extent, inhabitants, climate, buildings, &c., i. 100.
• Guadelupe, Isle, Pacific, i. 200.
• Guadiano, or Durango river. See Durango.
• Guahibos Indians, ii. [68].
• Guallaga, river of Peru, ii. [127].
• Gualgayoc, mines of Peru, ii. [79].
• Guamanga, city of Peru, scite, climate, buildings, mines, foundation, population, ii. [138].
• ----, intendancy of Peru, ii. [138].
• Guamoco, town of New Granada, i. 251.
• Guana, or Edible Lizard, i. 234.
• Guanabana, i. 245.
• Guanacas mountain, i. 221.
• Pass of the, 276.
• Guanara, town of Caraccas, ii. [52].
• Guanahani, or Cat Island, first land discovered by Columbus, i. 2.
• Guanaxuato, intendancy of, i. 102.
• City of New Spain, ib.
• Mines produce twice us much as Potosi, 43.
• Guancavelica, intendancy of Peru, ii. [134].
• Mines of Peru, [135].
• City of Peru, scite, buildings, height, population, [136].
• Guanchaco, port of Truxillo, in Peru, ii. [124].
• Guanta, town of Peru, ii. [139].
• Guanuco, city and district of Peru, ii. [129].
• Guanucos, or Peruvian sheep, ii. [264].
• Guara, town of Peru, ii. [131].
• Guarania, territory of La Plata, ii. [228].
• Guarapiche, river of Caraccas, ii. [36]. 42.
• Guarico river, ii. [46].
• Guarisamey mines of New Spain, i. 95.
• Guarochiri, district and town of Peru, ii. [132].
• Guarounoes Indians, ii. [12].
• Guarpes Indians, ii. [215].
• Guasco, port of Chili, ii. [265].
• Guascualco isles, gulf of Mexico, i. 194.
• Guastays, ancient princes of Quito, i. 284.
• Guatavita lake, of New Granada, i. 266.
• Guatimala, captain-generalship of, captain-general, i. 158.
• Sub-divisions of, productions, climate, features, royal audience, 159.
• Capital, 160.
• ----, proper, provinces of, i. 161.
• ----, city of, scite, archbishopric, university, trade, foundation, earthquake, inhabitants, i. 160.
• Guatimozin, Emperor of Mexico, defends the capital against Cortez, is taken prisoner, and tortured, i. 29. 118.
• Guaxaca. See Oaxaca.
• Guayaquil, jurisdiction of New Granada, i. 310.
• ---- city, scite, foundation, buildings, streets, i. 314.
• Fortifications, population, 315.
• Trade, 318.
• ---- river, i. 313.
• Guayecas Indians, ii. [71].
• Guayna Patina, volcano of Peru, ii. [148].
• Guayqueria Indians, ii. [12]. 26.
• Guayra, river of Caraccas, ii. [46].
• ----, port of Caraccas, ii. [7].
• Guemul, singular Chilian animal, ii. [256].
• Guerra, voyage of, to explore the coast of Caraccas, ii. [19].
• Guiana, or Spanish Guiana, extent and boundaries, ii. [69].
• Population, divisions, [70].
• History, El Dorado, Guayecas, and sources of the Orinoco, [71].
• Rivers, capital, [72].
• Guiges, river of Caraccas, ii. [45].
• Guipuscoa company, ii. [48].
• Gulf stream, i. 184.
• H
• Hambato, town of New Granada, i. 307.
• Hatun Potocsi, mountain in which the mines of Potosi are worked, ii. [175].
• Havannah, captain-generalship of, i. 187.
• ---- city, scite, harbour, i. 188.
• Fortifications, dockyard, commerce, manners and customs of the inhabitants, 189.
• Attacks on, by different powers, and population, 190.
• ---- harbour, i. 188.
• Hayti, or Hispaniola, discovery of, i. 3.
• Hiaqui, district of New Spain, i. 89.
• River of New Spain, ib.
• Hispaniola, or St. Domingo, first settlement of Europeans in America, i. 3.
• History of Florida, i. 7.
• Of New Spain, 21.
• Of Mexico, 103.
• Of Caraccas, ii. [2].
• Of Peru and of Spanish America, [83]-114.
• Of the present disturbances in Spanish America, [108].
• Of Buenos Ayres, [156].
• Of Paraguay, [195].
• Of the Jesuit settlements in Paraguay, [220].
• Of Chili, [231].
• Honda, town of New Granada, i. 269.
• Honduras, province of, boundaries, extent, history, climate, i. 169.
• Productions, mahogany felling, and mahogany tree, 170.
• Logwood, mosquito, shore, Indians, 171.
• Chief town, &c., 175.
• ----, bay of, i. 173.
• ----, English factories of, Balize, i. 173.
• Honey and wax, immense quantities produced in New Spain, i. 40.
• Horses, wild, in New Spain, i. 40.
• Hostimuri, town of, New Spain, i. 92.
• Huailas, town and district of Peru, ii. [129].
• Huamalies, town and district of Peru, ii. [128].
• Huana Capac, 13th Inca of Peru, ii. [86].
• ---- Inca, conquest of Quito by, i. 284.
• Huantajaya, mines of Peru, ii. [80].
• Huascar, or Inti Cusi Hualpa, 14th Inca of Peru, ii. [86].
• ----, History of, i. 286.
• Huasacualco, river of New Spain, i. 149.
• Huexotzinco republic, i. 104.
• ----, town of New Spain, i. 143.
• Huilies, Peruvian gold works, ii. [80].
• Huilquilemu, province of Chili, ii. [279].
• Humboldt's journey to explore the Orinoco, ii. [71].
• Huncahua, king of the Muyscas, i. 218.
• I and J
• Jaen de Bracamoros, government of New Granada, i. 321.
• ----, city of New Granada, i. 321.
• Jalap takes its name from Xalapa, i 39.
• Jauru, river, and pyramid of La Plata, ii. [164].
• Jaguar, or American tiger, i. 242. ii. [35]. 217.
• Ibague, town of New Granada, i 280.
• Iberi, lake of La Plata, ii. [163].
• Ica, or Putumayo river, i. 327. 332.
• ----, town and district of Peru, ii. [133].
• Icononzo, natural bridges of, i. 265.
• Jesuits, discoveries of the, in California, i. 78.
• ----, history of their settlements in Paraguay, ii. [220].
• Illimani, mountain of La Plata, ii. [183].
• Illinissa mountain, i. 300.
• Imposible mountain, road over, ii. [30].
• Incas of Peru, ii. [84].
• Inca Roca, 6th Peruvian monarch, ii 85.
• ---- Ripac, 8th ditto, ii. [85].
• ---- Urca, 9th ditto, ii. [85].
• ---- Yupanqui, partially subdues the Chilese, ii. [232].
• Indians, independent, in New Spain, i. 49.
• ---- tribute levied in Mexico, i. 52.
• Method of catching wild geese, 243.
• Method of snaring the alligator, 318.
• ---- Chili, or Araucania, ii. [287].
• Indians, numbers of, in New Spain, i. 49.
• Description of, 50.
• ---- of Peru, ii. [105].
• Of Caraccas, ii. [12].
• Inscription on the tomb of Columbus, i. 211.
• ----, commemorative of the Geodesic operations in Quito, i. 297.
• Insular Chili, ii. [282].
• Intendancies, number of, in New Spain, i. 32.
• Joanes island, at the mouth of the Maranon, i. 329.
• Jorullo, volcano of, New Spain, i. 135.
• Ipava lake, source of the Orinoco, ii. [10].
• Ipire, river of Caraccas, ii. [41].
• Isabella, first town founded in the New World, i. 3.
• Isabella isle, Pacific, i. 201.
• Islands, on the coasts of Florida, i. 18.
• On the coasts of New Spain and Guatimala, 192.
• In the Gulf of California, 200.
• Revillagegido, 202.
• On the coasts of South America, ii. [294].
• Isthmus of Darien, or Panama, i. 232.
• Itaquiri, river of La Plata, ii. [165].
• Itata, province of Chili, ii 276.
• Itzcoatl, king of Mexico, i. 110.
• Itzli stone, i. 125.
• Juan Fernandez isle, ii. [294].
• ---- de Grijalva, discovery of Mexico by, i. 117.
• ---- de Ulua isle, gulf of Mexico, i. 193.
• ---- Rodriguez Cabrillo isle, Pacific, i. 200.
• Juanico isle, Pacific Ocean, i. 201.
• Juruay river, ii. [194].
• Jutay river, ii. [195].
• Iztaccihuatl, mountain of New Spain, i. 141.
• L
• La Guayra, port of, Caraccas, scite, distance from Caraccas, fortifications, ii. [7].
• Harbour, population, commerce, 8.
• La Paz, province of La Plata, ii. [182].
• ----, or Chuquiavo, city of La Plata, foundation, scite, ii. [182].
• Climate, buildings, trade, population, 183.
• La Plata, viceroyalty of. See Buenos Ayres.
• ----, town of New Granada, i. 281.
• ---- isle, in the Pacific, ii. [297].
• La Purissima Concepcion de Catorce mine, profits of, i. 44.
• ---- Serena, or Coquimbo, city of Chili, ii. [266].
• ---- de Tierra isle, in the Pacific, ii. [295].
• Lake Ipava, source of the Orinoco, ii. [10].
• ---- Putucuao, ii. [40].
• ---- Chucuito, or Titicaca, ii. [168]. 185.
• ---- Maracaybo, ii. [15].
• ---- Parima ii. [17].
• ---- Parina Cocha, ii. [140].
• ---- Valencia, ii. [16].
• ---- Xarayes, ii. [162].
• ---- Guatavita, i. 266.
• ---- George, i. 17.
• ---- Tezcuco, i. 129.
• ---- Chalco, i. 130.
• ---- St. Cristoval, i. 130.
• ---- Zumpango, i. 130.
• ---- Cayman, i. 46. 94.
• ---- Parras, i. 94.
• ---- Chapala, i. 46. 100.
• Lakes of New Spain, i. 46.
• ---- of Caraccas, ii. [15].
• Lambayeque, town of Peru, ii. [123].
• Lampa, district of Peru, ii. [146].
• ----, city of La Plata or Peru, ii. [190].
• Land of the missions, or Colonna, ii. [154].
• Land-crabs, natural history of, i. 181.
• Language of the Indians of Caraccas, ii. [13]. Of Peru, [154].
• Of Chili, [253].
• Lanthorns of Maracaybo lake, ii. [16].
• Laqui, singular method of catching animals with, ii. [254].
• Laricaxas, district and town of La Plata, ii. [184].
• Las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, styled Protector of the Indians, history of, ii. [21].
• Las Corientes, city of La Plata, ii. [227].
• Latacunga, district and city of New Granada, i. 305.
• Lauricocha, or False Maranon, i. 326. ii. [128].
• ---- mines of Peru, ii. [79].
• Lautaro, toqui of the Chilese, ii. [239].
• Lemui, isle of the Archipelago of Chiloe, ii. [287].
• Leon, city of Guatimala, i. 167.
• ----, New, province of New Spain, i. 97.
• Lerma, river of New Spain, i. 134.
• Lianas, beautiful parasitical plants, ii. [33].
• Lican, ancient name of Quito, i. 284.
• Lima, intendancy of Peru, districts of, boundaries, history, chief town, and towns, ii. [130], [131].
• ----, scite, foundation, ii. [114].
• Public edifices, universities, viceroys, [115].
• Courts of justice, palace, mint, suburbs, pomp of the church ceremonies, manners and customs of the inhabitants, population, climate, [116].
• Earthquake, commerce, port, river, [118].
• Linares, town of New Spain, i. 98.
• Lincopichion, toqui of the Chilese, ii. [242].
• Lincoyan, ditto ditto, ii. [237].
• Lipes, district and town of La Plata, ii. [178].
• Llachi, isle of the Archipelago of Chiloe, ii. [287].
• Llamas, or Peruvian sheep, ii. [255].
• Llano del Corazon, plain of Popayan, i. 281.
• Lloque Yupanqui, 3d Inca of Peru, ii. [85].
• Llulia and Chiloas, district of Peru, i. 126.
• Lobos isles, Pacific, ii. [297].
• ----, isle of the Rio de la Plata, ii. [300].
• Logwood trees, i. 171.
• Longavi, mountain of Chili, ii. [249].
• Londres, town of La Plata, ii. [213].
• Lora, town of Chili, ii. [275].
• Loretto, mission of, California, i. 78.
• Los Charcas. See Charcas.
• Los Llanos, or the Plains of Caraccas, ii. [9].
• Los Llanitos, mountains of New Spain, i. 102.
• Los Paredones, ruins of an ancient Peruvian palace, i. 309.
• Los Santos, town of New Granada, i. 239.
• Lucanas, district of Peru, ii. [140].
• M
• Macanao, Cape, Margarita isle, ii. [298].
• Macareo, a mouth of the Orinoco, ii. [41].
• Macas, town and province of New Granada, i. 335.
• Maccabaw snuff, origin of the name, ii. [64].
• Madera river, i. 328. ii. [194].
• Magalhaens, discovery of the passage into the South Pacific by, ii. [292].
• Magdalena, Rio Grande de, i. 246. 254.
• Magnificent gift sent to Cortez by Montezuma, i. 23.
• Maguey, or Agave, i. 39. 84.
• Mahogany trees, i. 171.
• Maita Capac, 4th Inca of Peru, ii. [85].
• Maize, plantations of, support the Indians in New Spain, i. 37.
• Sugar made from its stalks by the Mexicans, 38.
• Maldonado, city of La Plata, ii. [227].
• Malpays, i. 136.
• Mama Oello, ii. [84].
• Mameis, i. 245.
• Mamore river, ii. [194].
• Manati, or sea cow, i. 333.
• Mançanillo, or poison apple, i. 242.
• Manco Capac, 1st Sovereign of Peru, ii. [84].
• ---- ——, 16th Inca of Peru, ii. [86]. 97.
• Mandiha, lake of La Plata, ii. [163].
• Manflos, mountain of Chili, ii. [249].
• Manioc, cultivation of, in New Spain, i. 37.
• Manoa, or El Dorado, pretended city of Guiana, ii. [71].
• Manta, flat fish, destructive to pearl divers, i. 235.
• ---- blancas, offensive little insects, i. 244.
• Manzanares, river of Caraccas, ii. [42].
• Mapimis, Fort de, in New Spain, i. 94.
• Maracay, town of Caraccas, ii. [54].
• Maracaybo, province of Caraccas, boundaries, soil, population, Indian towns on the lake, ii. [58].
• History, rivers, [59].
• Climate, capital, [60].
• Towns, [63].
• ----, city of Caraccas, scite, climate, buildings, ii. [60].
• Foundation, population, slaves, ship-building, manners and customs of the inhabitants, [61].
• History of the plunder of by the bucaniers, [62].
• ---- lake, ii. [15].
• Maranon river, description of, i. 325.
• Margarita island, Caribbean sea, situation, discovery, ii. [73].
• Ports, population, commerce, climate, soil, capital, recent events, [74].
• ---- island, Pacific Ocean, i. 200.
• Maria de Escobar, sows the first wheat in Peru, ii. [131].
• Marias, Las Tres, isles, Pacific Ocean, i. 201.
• Mariguitar, village of Caraccas, ii. [40].
• Mariquita, town of New Granada, i. 269.
• Maruisas, a mouth of the Orinoco, ii. [41].
• Marquess del Valle de Oaxaca, title granted to Cortez, i. 30.
• Mas-afuera isle, Pacific Ocean, ii. [295].
• Mataguayos Indians, ii. [211].
• Matte, or Paraguay tea, ii. [200].
• Maule, district of Chili, ii. [274].
• Mausolea of Chachapoyas in Peru, ii. [104].
• Maynas, province of New Granada, i. 324.
• Mayo, district and river of New Spain, i. 89.
• Maypure cataract, i. 221.
• Mayros Indians, ii. [154].
• Measurement of a degree of the meridian in Quito, i. 297.
• Mechoacan. See Valladolid.
• Medellin, birth-place of Cortez, i. 21.
• Melipilla, city and province of Chili, ii. [270].
• Menchuan isle, Pacific, ii. [287].
• Mendoza, city of La Plata, ii. [218].
• Mentuosa, isle, Pacific, i. 203.
• Mercaderes, town of Popayan, limit of Peruvian conquests, i. 281.
• Mercury of Antioquia, i. 272.
• ----, quantity used in the Mexican mines, i. 44.
• Merida, province of New Spain. See Yucatan.
• ----, city of New Spain, i. 158.
• ----, province of New Granada, i. 261.
• ----, city of New Granada, i. 262.
• Mestizoes of New Spain, i. 47.
• Meta river, ii. [67].
• Method of travelling over the passes of Popayan, i. 277.
• The plains of La Plata, ii. [209]. 222.
• ---- of carrying the post letters in Quito, i. 323.
• Mexicana river, i. 5.
• Mexico, viceroyalty of. See New Spain.
• ----, intendancy of, boundaries, ancient and modern history of, i. 103.
• Climate, produce, animals, 122.
• Minerals, 125.
• Ancient inhabitants, 126.
• Features, 129.
• Antiquities, 132.
• Towns, 133.
• ----, New, province of, extent, boundaries, features, i. 68.
• Climate, capital, towns, 69.
• Mines, population, rivers, 70.
• Indians, 71.
• Antiquities, 75.
• ----, city of, attack and capture of by Cortez, i. 29.
• Description of, scite, architecture of the public edifices, &c., i. 57.
• Population, 58.
• Market-place, aqueducts, police, municipal body, courts of justice, 59.
• Viceroy's court and splendour, 60.
• Troops, archbishopric, clergy, ecclesiastical courts, university, 61.
• Colleges, patron saint, character of the people, 62.
• Manners and customs, 63. Scenery in the vicinity, 64.
• Public walks, climate, 65.
• Antiquities, lakes, 66.
• Lazaroni, 67.
• Mexicans, ancient, i. 119. Modern, 125.
• Mexitli, the Mexican god of war, i. 57.
• Michuacan kingdom, i. 104.
• Micuipampa, mines of, Peru, ii. [79].
• Town of, Peru, [125].
• Mimbrenos Apaches Indians, i. 73.
• Minas, basin of, in Nova Scotia, subject to the bore, i 332.
• Mineral pitch of Maracaybo, ii. [16].
• Mines of New Spain, many abandoned for want of proper machinery, number of, i. 42.
• The most valuable of, 43.
• ---- of New Granada, i. 214.
• ---- of Peru, produce of, ii. [78].
• Description of, ii. [79].
• ---- of talc in La Plata, ii. [184].
• ---- of La Plata, produce of, ii. [167].
• ---- of Potosi, ii. [174].
• ---- del Azogue, in La Plata, ii. [187].
• ---- of Salcedo, in La Plata, ii. [188].
• ---- of Chili, ii. [251].
• Mint of Mexico, quantity of coinage issued from since the conquest, i. 53.
• ---- of Santa Fé de Bogota, coinage of, i. 228.
• ---- of Popayan, coinage of, i. 228.
• Miraculous fountain in Florida, i. 9.
• Mission villages of Paraguay, ii. [203].
• Missionary town, description of one, ii. [34].
• ---- war with the Indians, i. 48.
• Missions of California, i. 78-82.
• Misteriosa island, i. 198.
• Mita, a law obliging the Indians to work in the mines, ii. [107].
• Mitla, temple of the ancient Mexicans, i. 154.
• Mixteca, country of New Spain, i. 154.
• Mizque Pocona, town and district of La Plata, ii. [192].
• Mocha isle, Pacific Ocean, ii. [282].
• Mompox, town of New Granada, i. 250.
• Monclova, town of New Spain, i. 97.
• Mondego, river of La Plata, ii. [165].
• Monkeys of Panama, eaten by the natives, i. 232.
• Montana Reale, country of Peru, ii. [153].
• Monte Capiro, mountain of Porto Bello, i. 236.
• Monteleone, Duke of, a descendant of Cortez, i. 48.
• Monterey, town of California, i. 82.
• Bay of ditto, 85.
• ----, town of New Spain, i. 97.
• Monteses Indians, ii. [203].
• Montes Claros, town of New Spain, i. 92.
• Monte Video, city of La Plata, scite, name, ii. [225].
• Harbour, buildings, climate, vicinity, population, commerce, [226].
• Taking of, by the British, [227].
• Montezuma Ilhuicamina, Emperor of Mexico, i. 111.
• Montezuma Xocotzin, Emperor of Mexico, magnificent reception of Cortez by, i. 25.
• Made prisoner, 27.
• Slain, 28.
• History of, 114.
• Moquehua, district and town of Peru, ii. [149].
• Moqui Indians, i. 71.
• Moquihuix, King of Tlatelolco, i. 111.
• Morgan the freebooter, sack of Panama by, i. 233.
• Taking of Porto Bello by, 238.
• Plunder of Maracaybo by, ii. [62].
• Moro Castle, i. 189.
• Morrope, town of Peru, ii. [123].
• Mosquito shore, i. 171.
• ---- Indians, i. 172.
• Mountains near the river Magdalena, curious structure of, i. 225.
• Mouths of the Orinoco, ii. [11]. 41.
• Moyobamba, town of Peru, ii. [126].
• Moxos, territory of La Plata, ii. [194].
• Mugillon Isle, in the Pacific, ii. [282].
• Mulattoes of New Spain, i. 47.
• Musky smell and white colour of the rivers frequented by alligators, i. 318.
• Muyscas or Moscas Indians, ancient tribe of New Granada, i. 217. 227.
• Muzo, town of New Granada, i. 270.
• Muzos, singular Indian nation, i. 270.
• N
• Nacogdoch, Fort of Texas, in New Spain, i. 98.
• Narvaez, defeat of, by Cortez, i. 28.
• Napo river, i. 332.
• Naptha, spring of, in Caraccas, ii. [31].
• Nasca, town of Peru, ii. [134].
• Nata, city of New Granada, i. 238.
• Nauhcampatepetl, mountain of New Spain, i. 150.
• Neembucu, lake of La Plata, ii. [163].
• ----, town of La Plata, ii. [204].
• Negroes in New Spain, i. 48.
• ---- in New Granada, i. 272.
• Nevada de Toluca mountains, i. 129.
• ---- de Santa Marta, i. 220.
• ---- de Merida mountains, i. 220.
• Neveri, or Enipiricuar, river of Caraccas, ii. [42].
• New Albion, explored and named by Sir Francis Drake, i. 77.
• New Andalusia, province of, boundaries, history, ii. [18].
• Features, climate, capital, [25].
• New Barcelona, province of, ii. [18].
• New Biscay, or Durango, intendancy of, boundaries, extent, i. 92.
• Population, capital, 93.
• Inhabitants, towns, &c., 94.
• New Caledonia, i. 241.
• New California. See California.
• New Granada, viceroyalty of, boundaries and extent, i. 209.
• Territorial and political and divisions, discovery and history, 210.
• Audiences, viceroy, population, 214.
• Archbishopric, commerce, revenues, 215.
• Mines, produce, Indians, 216.
• Ancient inhabitants, 217.
• Climate, 218.
• Features of, 219.
• Capital, 225.
• Provinces of, 229.
• New Leon, province of New Spain, boundaries, extent, and capital, i. 97.
• New Mexico, province of. See Mexico.
• New Santander, province of New Spain, boundaries, extent and description of, i. 97.
• Mines, capital, towns and rivers, i. 98.
• New Santander, city of New Spain, i. 98.
• New Spain, viceroyalty of, government history, and discovery, i. 20.
• Political and territorial divisions, 32.
• Boundaries, 33.
• Extent and climate, 34.
• Features, productions and mines, 35.
• Rivers, 45.
• Lakes, 46.
• Temperature, 47.
• Population, 21. 47.
• Antiquities and manufactures, 52.
• Commerce, 53.
• Revenues, 55.
• Army, 56.
• Recent events, 56.
• Metropolis, 57.
• Provinces of, 68.
• Neyva, town of New Granada, i. 281.
• Nicaragua, province of Guatimala, boundaries, climate, features, i. 166.
• Productions, trade, mines, population, animals, capital, i. 167.
• ----, town of Guatimala, i. 168.
• Nicoya, town of Guatimala, i. 176.
• Nicuessa, voyage of, i. 212.
• Nirgua, town of Caraccas, ii. [58].
• Noanamas, village of New Granada, i. 274.
• Nobles of New Spain, i. 32.
• Norte, Rio Grande del, i. 45. 98.
• Nuestra Senora de la Vittoria. See Tabasco.
• O
• Oaxaca or Guaxaca, intendancy of, boundaries, i. 151.
• Mines, inhabitants, manufactures, capital and towns, 152.
• Mountains, antiquities, rivers, grant to Cortez, 154.
• Oaxaca, city of New Spain, scite, vicinity, climate, i. 152.
• Public buildings and population, 152.
• Obelisks in Cuyo, ii. [218].
• Ocana, town of New Granada, i. 259.
• Ocona, town of Peru, ii. [148].
• Ocumara, town of Caraccas, ii. [56].
• Olives, cultivation of, forbidden in New Spain, i. 38.
• Ojeda, voyages and discoveries of, i. 211.
• Omaguas Indians, i. 324.
• Omasuyos, district of La Plata, ii. [183].
• Omoa, town of Guatimala, i. 175.
• Orchilla island, Caribbean Sea, ii. [298].
• Orellana, discovery of the Maranon by, i. 291.
• Origin of the slave trade, ii. [22].
• Orinoco river, ii. [10]. 41.
• Oro, platina mine in New Granada, i. 274.
• Oropesa, city of La Plata, ii. [181].
• Orizaba, volcano of New Spain, i. 150.
• ----, town of New Spain, i. 147.
• Oruro, district of La Plata, ii. [178].
• ----, city of La Plata, ii. [179].
• Ostimuri, district of New Spain, i. 89.
• Ostrich of America, ii. [259].
• Otabalo, jurisdiction of New Granada, i. 303.
• ----, city of New Granada, i. 304.
• Otomacs Indians, ii. [15].
• Ovando refuses Columbus leave to refit his ship at Hispaniola, i. 210.
• P
• Pacajes, district and town of La Plata, ii. [184].
• Pachachaca, river of Peru, ii. [146].
• Pachacamac, a deity of the Peruvians, ii. [105].
• Temple of, in Peru, [103].
• ----, isle in the Pacific, ii. [296].
• Pachacutec, 10th Inca of Peru, ii. [85].
• Pachitea, river, ii. [127].
• Pachuca, town of New Spain, i. 134.
• Pachuquilla, the most ancient village of the vale of Anahuac, i. 134.
• Pacific Ocean, discovered by Vasco Nuñez de Balboa, i. 213.
• Pagi, or Puma, of Chili, ii. [256].
• Pajaro, Chilian island, ii. [282].
• Paillamachu, toqui of the Chilese, ii. [241].
• Paintings, Mexican, i. 52. 123.
• Pampas of Buenos Ayres, ii. [222].
• Pampas del Sacramento, ii. [151].
• Pampatar, in Margarita, recent events at, ii. [74].
• Pamplona, city of New Granada, i. 263.
• Panama, province of, i. 229.
• Boundaries, discovery, climate, soil, forests, mountains, trade, produce, 230.
• Mines, rivers, animals, capital, 232.
• Bay, pearl fishery, and cities, 235.
• ----, city of New Granada, scite, i. 232.
• History, government, public offices and buildings, inhabitants, bay, tides, 234.
• Panos Indians, ii. [152].
• Panuco, river of New Spain, i. 134. 149.
• Papantla, pyramids of, i. 151.
• Papaws, i. 244.
• Paragoana, peninsula of, in Caraccas, ii. [50].
• Paraguay, government of, boundaries, extent, history, discovery, &c., ii. [195].
• Climate, and productions, features, &c., [199].
• Animals, [201].
• Rivers, commerce, [202].
• Missions, capital, and towns, [203].
• Paraguay river, small declension of, ii. [161].
• Description of, [164].
• Paramo de Guanacas, pass of, i. 265. 276.
• ---- de la Summa Paz mountain, i. 265.
• ---- del Assuay, road over the, i. 308.
• Parana river, ii. [166]. 224.
• Paria, district and city of La Plata, ii. [179].
• Paria, province of Caraccas, ii. [18].
• Pariagoto Indians, ii. [13].
• Parima lake, ii. [17].
• Parina Cocha lake, ii. [140].
• Parina Cocha, district of Peru, ii. [140].
• Parral, town of New Spain, i. 95.
• Pasco, town of Peru, ii. [130].
• Pasco mines, in Peru, ii. [79].
• Pascuaro, town of New Spain, i. 137.
• Pasquaro, town of New Spain, i. 94.
• Pass of Guanacas, i. 276.
• Passo del Norte, fort of New Spain, i. 69.
• Pasto, town of New Granada, i. 281.
• Patagonians, ii. [229].
• Pataz, gold works of Peru, ii. [80].
• Pataz, district of Peru, ii. [126].
• Paucarcolla, district and town of La Plata, ii. [187].
• Paucartambo, district of Peru, ii. [144].
• ---- river, i. 326. ii. [144].
• Paullu, Inca, gives Pizarro battle, ii. [95].
• Pausa, town of Peru, ii. [140].
• Paynenauca, toqui of the Chilese, ii. [240].
• Payta, town of Peru, ii. [122].
• Pearl fishery of Panama, i. 230.
• Pedro Arias de Avila, governor of Terra Firma, i. 213.
• Pedro de la Gasca, third governor of Peru, ii. [100].
• Pehuenches Indians, ii. [288].
• Pendulous bridges in South America, i. 224.
• Pensacola, city of Florida, i. 13.
• Perdido bay and river, boundary of the United States and
• Florida, i. 7. 16.
• Perote, plain of, i. 144.
• Peru, viceroyalty of, boundaries and extent, ii. [75].
• Political and territorial divisions, population and government, [76].
• Commerce, [77].
• Produce of the mines, [78].
• Mines, [79].
• Climate, features, &c., [81].
• History, discovery, &c., [83].
• Ancient Peruvians, [103].
• Antiquities, [104].
• Modern Peruvians, [105].
• Recent events in, [108].
• Capital, [114].
• Provinces of, [120].
• Peruvians, ancient, ii. [103].
• Peruvians, modern, ii. [105].
• Peruvian sheep, ii. [255].
• Peteroa, volcano of Chili, ii. [249]. 274.
• Petorca, city of Chili, ii. [269].
• Pichinca volcano, i. 298.
• Pico de Orizaba volcano, i. 35. 150.
• Pico de Tancitaro mountain, i. 135.
• Piedra Blanca, Pacific, i. 201.
• Pihuen, or Chilese pine tree, ii. [247].
• Pilaya y Paspaya, province of La Plata, ii. [179].
• Pilcomayo river, ii. [166]. 173.
• Pillan, name of the Deity in ancient Chili, ii. [233].
• Pimeria, province of New Spain, boundaries, climate, inhabitants, i. 86.
• Rivers, 87.
• Forts, 88.
• Pinos isle, Cuba, i. 192.
• Pique, insect, i. 244.
• Piritoo isles, ii. [300].
• Piros Indians, ii. [152].
• Pisco, town of Peru, ii. [133].
• Piura, district of, and oldest town in Peru, ii. [120].
• Pizarro, history of the conquest of Peru by, ii. [86].
• Pizarro Gonzalo assumes the government of Peru, ii. [99].
• ---- —— exploratory journey of, to the false Maranon, i. 290.
• Plain of the Maranon, i. 223.
• Plains of Barcelona, ii. [32].
• Platina of Choco, i. 274.
• Poitos, slaves of the mission Indians, ii. [15].
• Pomabamba, province and town of La Plata, ii. [182].
• Pongo de Manseriche, or crevice of the false Maranon, i. 322. 333.
• Ponce de Leon explores Florida, i. 9.
• Popayan, government of New Granada, i. 275.
• ----, city of New Granada, scite, environs, rivers, i. 279.
• Volcanoes, buildings, population, 280.
• Popo, silver mines of La Plata, ii. [178].
• Popocatepetl volcano, i. 35. 141.
• Population of New Spain, i. 47.
• Of Mexico, 58.
• Of Puerto Rico, 182.
• Of Cuba, 187.
• Of New Granada, 214.
• Of Caraccas, ii. [2].
• Of Peru, [76].
• Of Spanish America, [108]. 318.
• Of La Plata, [156].
• Of Chili, [253].
• Porco, city of La Plata, ii. [177].
• ----, mountains of La Plata, ii. [177].
• Porcupine, American, ii. [257].
• Pore, city of New Granada, i. 264.
• Porrudos, river of La Plata, ii. [165].
• Port Sir Francis Drake, i. 4. 76. 77.
• Port San Francisco, i. 4. 77.
• Porto Bello, city of New Granada, scite, foundation, i. 235.
• Fortifications, harbour, climate, [236].
• Inhabitants, commerce, [237].
• Edifices, &c., [238].
• Porto Cavello, city of Caraccas, scite, history, ii. [50].
• Buildings, population, trade, [51].
• Climate, &c., [52].
• Portuguesa, river of Caraccas, ii. [6]. 66.
• Potatoe, not indigenous to Mexico, only found in South America at the conquest, i. 38.
• Poto mines of La Plata, ii. [189].
• Pototaca lead mines of La Plata, ii. [179].
• Potosi, mines of, ii. [174].
• Potosi, city of La Plata, scite, climate, environs, mines, ii. [174].
• Foundation, mint, population, buildings, ii. [175].
• Precipice of the Silla de Caraccas, ii. [8].
• Price of provisions in Choco, i. 273.
• ---- given for European animals in the early times of the Spanish colonies of Peru, ii. [131].
• Produce of the mines in the New World, not so great as has been imagined, i. 42.
• Actual amount of, ii. [320].
• Pron, bundle of threads used to record events in Chili, ii. [233].
• Protector of the Indians, title of Las Casas, ii. [22].
• Pucara, remarkable ruins in La Plata, ii. [190].
• Puchacay, province of Chili, ii. [277].
• Puda, or wild goat of Chili, ii. [256].
• Puebla, La, province of New Spain, boundaries, extent, i. 138.
• Produce, history, climate, and ancient capital, i. 139.
• Present capital, 140.
• Mountains and antiquities, 141.
• Towns, 142.
• Rivers, 143.
• ---- de los Angelos, city of New Spain, situation, cathedral, buildings, bishopric, trade, environs, population, height, i. 140.
• ---- Nueva, city of New Granada, i. 179.
• Puelches Indians, ii. [288].
• Puerto Rico island, situation, extent, history, i. 180.
• Land-crabs, produce, 181.
• Population, capital, 182.
• ---- ——, city of, i. 182.
• ---- Viejo, district of New Granada, i. 311.
• Pulque, strong liquor made from the agave, i. 39.
• Puma, or American Lion, ii. [256].
• Puna, city of La Plata, ii. [188].
• ---- island, i. 312.
• Punta de la Galera, so called on account of Columbus' ship touching at it, ii. [27].
• ---- de Santa Elena, district of New Granada, i. 312.
• Purace, volcano, i. 280.
• ----, village of Popayan, i. 281.
• Purissima Concepcion de Catorce, mines of New Spain, profit of, i. 44.
• Puros river, ii. [194].
• Puruays, ancient inhabitants of Quito, i. 284.
• Pusambio, or Vinegar River, i. 281.
• Putacuao, lake of Caraccas, i. 40.
• Pyramid erected on the banks of the Paraguay, as a boundary mark between Spanish and Portuguese America, ii. [164].
• Q
• Quaquas Indians, ii. [14].
• Quebrada, or crevice of Tipe, i. 254.
• Quelendama mountain, i. 299.
• Quelenes, Indian country of Guatimala, i. 164.
• Quesaltenango, district of Guatimala, i. 163.
• Queretaro, city of New Spain, i. 133.
• Quesada, Gonzalo Ximenes de, conquest of New Granada by, i. 214. 267.
• Quetlavaca, or Cuitlahuatzin King of Mexico, i. 117.
• Quiabaslan, i. 24.
• Quibo, or Caybo isle, i. 204.
• Quicaras isles, Pacific, i. 203.
• Quichuan, language of Peru, ii. [154].
• Quillota, province and city of Chili, ii. [267].
• Quinchuan, isle of Chiloe, ii. [287].
• Quindiu mountain, i. 221. 276. Pass of, 277.
• Quiriquina, Isle of Chili, ii. [282].
• Quispicanchi, district of Peru, ii. [143].
• Quito, presidency of New Granada, boundaries, i. 283.
• Extent, districts, history, 284.
• Capital, 293.
• Features and mountains, 297.
• Provinces, 303.
• ----, city of, foundation, scite, vicinity, i. 293.
• Climate, earthquakes, population, 294.
• Manners and customs of the inhabitants, public buildings, i. 295.
• Trade, height, 296.
• Rivers, 297.
• ----, jurisdiction of New Granada, i. 305.
• Quixos y Macas, government of New Granada, i. 334.
• R
• Raleigh, Sir Walter, voyage of, to Guiana, ii. [71].
• Ramirez, isle in Lake Tamiagua, i. 193.
• Rancagua, province and city of Chili, ii. [272].
• Ransom, immense, given by Atabalipa, ii. [93].
• Rapel, village and cavern in Chili, ii. [274].
• Raspadura canal, unites the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, i. 273.
• Region of perpetual snow in Mexico, i. 47.
• Real de los Alamos, town of New Spain, i. 92.
• Realejo, town and port of Guatimala, i. 167.
• Religion of New Spain, i. 48.
• Of ancient Mexicans, i. 126.
• Of the Muyscas, 218. 227.
• Of the ancient Peruvians, ii. [104].
• Of the wandering tribes on the banks of the Maranon, [153].
• Of the ancient Chilese, [233].
• Repartimientos, history of, ii. [106].
• Revenue of New Spain, i. 55.
• Of New Granada, 215.
• Of Peru, ii. [76].
• Of Spanish America, [320].
• Revillagigedo isle, i. 202.
• Riobamba, district of New Granada, i. 306.
• ---- city of New Granada, i. 307.
• Rio Bravo del Norte, i. 45. 70.
• ---- Colorado, New Spain, i. 45.
• ---- Conchos, or de Salinas, New Spain, i. 94.
• ---- de la Hacha, district and town of New Granada, i. 259.
• ---- de la Plata, discovery of, ii. [156].
• Description, [164].
• ---- Grande de la Magdalena. See Magdalena.
• ---- Negro, i. 327. 332. ii. [72].
• ---- Santiago, or Rio Lerma, New Spain, i. 100.
• ---- Vermelho, or Vermejo, ii. [166].
• ---- Verde, New Spain, i. 155.
• Riochico, town of New Spain, i. 90.
• Rioxa, city of La Plata, ii. [213].
• Rivers of Florida, i. 14.
• Of New Spain, 45.
• Of Caraccas, ii. [10].
• Of La Plata, ii. [164].
• Of Chili, [250].
• Road of the Mexican plain, great length of, i. 35.
• From Cumanacoa, highly picturesque, ii. [33].
• From Buenos Ayres to Potosi, [209].
• Roads of New Spain, i. 41.
• Over the Andes, in Chili, ii. [248].
• Roca Partida isle, i. 202.
• Roderic de Triana first sees the American land, i. 2.
• Roebuck isle, Florida, i. 19.
• Roguagualo lake of La Plata, ii. [194].
• Roncador isle, i. 199.
• Rosario, mine of, New Spain, i. 92.
• Ruatan isle, i. 198.
• Ruminagui usurps the sceptre of Quito, i. 288.
• Ruminavi mountain, i. 299. 300.
• S
• Sacrifices of the Muyscas, i. 218. 227.
• ----, island of, i. 193.
• Salado, river of La Plata, ii. [207].
• Salamanca, town of New Spain, i. 102.
• Salis, discovery of the Rio de la Plata by, ii. [156]. 164.
• Salt plains and lakes of La Plata, ii. [208].
• ---- works of Araya, in Caraccas, ii. [30].
• Salta, city of La Plata, ii. [214].
• Saltillo, town of New Spain, i. 94.
• Sana, town and district of Peru, ii. [123].
• San Antonio, town of Caraccas, ii. [69].
• ---- —— de Bejar, fort of Texas, i. 98.
• ---- —— de los Cues, ancient fort, i. 153.
• San Bartolomeo de Chillan, town of Chili, ii. [277].
• ---- Benedito isle, Pacific, i. 202.
• ---- Benito isle, Pacific, i. 200.
• ---- Bernardo de Tarija, town of La Plata, ii. [177].
• ---- ——, bay in the gulf of Mexico, i. 199.
• ---- Blas, port of New Spain, i. 101.
• ---- Buenaventura mission, California, i. 83.
• ---- Carlos, town of Caraccas, ii. [56].
• ---- ——, fort of Guiana, ii. [70].
• ---- ——, town of Chiloe, ii. [286].
• San Christoval de Acochala, silver mine, ii. [178].
• ---- ——, lake of Mexico, i. 130.
• San Felipe, city of Chili, i. 270.
• ---- ——, town of Caraccas, ii. [57].
• ---- —— y San Jago, town of New Spain, i. 92.
• San Fernando de Apure, town of Caraccas, ii. [68].
• ---- ——, town of Chili, ii. [273].
• San Francisco, mission of California, i. 82.
• ---- Jayme, town of Caraccas, ii. [68].
• ---- Joachin de Omaguas, Spanish fort on the Maranon, ii. [151].
• ---- Josef, town of Florida, i. 14.
• ---- Jose, mission of California, i. 82.
• ---- Juan de la Frontera, city of La Plata, ii. [219].
• ---- —— de los Llanos, province and town of New Granada, i. 263.
• ---- —— del Pao, town of Caraccas, ii. [57].
• ---- —— del Rio, town of New Biscay, i. 94.
• City of Mexico, 133.
• ---- ——, river of Florida, i. 15.
• Town of Nicaragua, 168.
• River of Nicaragua, importance of, 169.
• San Lazaro, fort of Carthagena, i. 247.
• ---- Luis de Cura, town of Caraccas, ii. [57].
• ---- —— de Gonzaga, city of Chili, ii. [280].
• ---- ——, island in the bay of San Bernardo, i. 193.
• ---- —— de Loyola, city of La Plata ii. [219].
• ---- —— Potosi, intendancy of New Spain, boundaries, extent, population, climate, i. 95.
• Mines, capital, 96.
• ---- —— ——, city of New Spain, i. 96.
• San Martin isle, Pacific, i. 200.
• ---- Miguel, town and district of Guatimala, i. 162.
• ---- —— de Ibarra, city and province of New Granada, i. 303.
• ---- Nicolas, isle in the Pacific, i. 200.
• ---- Pablo de Omaguas, Portuguese fort on the Maranon, ii. [151].
• ---- Pedro, town of Caraccas, ii. [64].
• Town of Peru, 123.
• ---- Salvador isle, Pacific, i. 200.
• ---- ——, town and district of Guatimala, i. 162.
• ---- Sebastian, colony founded by Ojeda, i. 212.
• ---- Sebastian de Buenavista, town of New Granada, i. 250.
• ---- —— de los Reyes, town of Caraccas, ii. [57].
• Santa Ana, mission of California, i. 84.
• ---- Barbara, mission of California, i. 82.
• Santa Catalina, or Providence Isle, i. 199.
• ---- Cruz, mission of California, i. 82.
• ---- —— isle, Pacific, discovered by Cortez, i. 201.
• ---- ——, town of Cuba, i. 192.
• ---- ——, village of New Mexico, i. 69.
• ---- —— de la Sierra, province and town of La Plata, ii. [192].
• Santa Fé, province of New Granada, i. 264.
• ---- —— de Bogota, capital of New Granada, scite, foundation, buildings, height, population, i. 225.
• Climate, viceroy, archbishopric, environs, 226.
• Mint, 228.
• ---- ——, city of New Spain, i. 69.
• ---- ——, city of Paraguay, ii. [227].
• ---- ——, aqueduct of Mexico, i. 66.
• ---- —— de Antioquia. See Antioquia.
• Santa Maria, name of the ship in which Columbus sailed, i. 2.
• ---- —— el Antigua del Darien, colony founded by Balboa, i. 212.
• First settlement in Spanish North America, 240.
• Santa Maria, or Talca, isle of Chili, ii. [282].
• Santa Marta, province of New Granada, boundaries, discovery, history, i. 252.
• Climate, productions, features of, 253.
• Rivers, 254.
• Cacao plant, 257.
• Population, capital, 258.
• Towns, 259.
• ---- ——, city of New Granada, i. 258.
• Santa Rosa de Cosiquiriachi, town of New Spain, i. 94.
• Santa Rosa isle, Pacific, i. 202.
• Santanilla isle, i. 199.
• Santiago, capital of Chili, scite, population, streets, buildings, squares, suburbs, ii. [263].
• Cathedral, mint, governor, bishopric, trade, ii. [264].
• Santiago, province of Chili, ii. [271].
• Santiago del Estero, city of La Plata, ii. [212].
• Santo Tomé, capital of Guiana, ii. [72].
• St. Anastasia, isle of, Florida, i. 19.
• St. Augustine, city of Florida, i. 11.
• St. Felix and St. Ambrose isles, Pacific, ii. [296].
• St. John's, river of Florida, i. 14.
• St. Lorenzo isle, Pacific, ii. [296].
• St. Mark's, town of Florida, i. 12.
• St. Martin, plains of, ii. [221].
• St. Mary's river, boundary between Florida and the United States, i. 14.
• St. Saverio, town of Chili, ii. [275].
• Sangai, or Mecas, volcano, i. 301.
• Sangallan isle, Pacific, ii. [296].
• Sansonate, town and district of Guatimala, i. 162.
• Sapotes, i. 245.
• Sariacu, village on the Maranon, ii. [152].
• Savannah of the Orinoco, i. 223.
• Sayri Tupac, 17th and last Inca of Peru, ii. [86].
• Scotch Darien Company, i. 241.
• Sechura, town of Peru, ii. [122].
• Sensitive plant, i. 242.
• Serrana isles, i. 199.
• Serranilla isles, i. 199.
• Settlements formerly made in the Straits of Magellan, ii. [291].
• Sicasica, province and town of La Plata, ii. [181].
• Sierra de Canatagua divides North from South America, i. 5. 230.
• ---- Madre, range of mountains, i. 35. 68. 73.
• ---- de las Grullas, i. 36. 75.
• ---- Gorda, i. 98.
• ---- Verde, i. 36.
• ---- de San Martin, i. 151.
• ---- —— Pacaraimo, i. 222.
• ---- —— Quineropaca, i. 222.
• ---- —— Paria, ii. [39].
• ---- —— San Carlos, ii. [154].
• Silla de Caraccas, i. 220. ii. [8].
• Silla Casa, mercury veins in Peru, ii. [136].
• Silva, exploratory journey of, in Guiana, ii. [71].
• Silver exported from New Spain, i. 42.
• ---- produced annually in New Spain, i. 43.
• ---- native, found in Batopilas, i. 43.
• Sinaruco river, ii. [67].
• Sinchi Roca, 2d Peruvian Inca, ii. [85].
• Singular monuments in Cuyo, ii. [218].
• Sir Francis Drake takes Porto Bello, i. 238.
• ---- —— —— takes Carthagena, i. 249.
• Sisal, port of Yucatan, i. 158.
• Slave trade, origin of, ii. [22].
• Slaves of New Spain, i. 48.
• Snow, limits of perpetual snow in Mexico, i. 47.
• Socorro, town of New Granada, i. 270.
• Socorro isle, Pacific, i. 202.
• Soconusco, district and town of Guatimala, i. 161.
• Solola, district of Guatimala, i. 162.
• Sombrerete, town and mines of New Spain, i. 99.
• Sonora, intendancy of New Spain, boundaries, districts of, capital, i. 86.
• ----, district of New Spain, i. 88.
• ----, city of New Spain, i. 89.
• Sotara, volcano, i. 280.
• Sources of the Apurimac or Maranon, ii. [149].
• ---- of the Magdalena and Cauca, i. 277.
• Steam engine much wanted in the American mines, i. 42.
• Suchitepeque, town and province of Guatimala, i. 162.
• Sucumbios missions of New Granada, i. 336.
• Sumasinta, river of New Spain, i. 149.
• Sunchuli mountain, celebrated for its gold mines, ii. [185].
• Sutiles, or limes, use of in cookery, i. 245.
• T
• Tabasco, province of New Spain, former extent of, i. 147.
• Climate, productions, chief town, 148.
• Lakes, towns, rivers, 149.
• Volcanoes, 150.
• ---- island, i. 148. 194.
• ----, city of New Spain, i. 148.
• ---- river, i. 149.
• Tacames, province of New Granada, i. 282.
• ----, city of New Granada, i. 283.
• Tacarigua, Indian name of Lake Valencia, ii. [17].
• Tacna, town of Peru, ii. [150].
• Tacubaya, town of New Spain, i. 133.
• Talca, or San Augustin, city of Chili, ii. [275].
• Talcaguana, road of, in the bay of Concepcion, ii. [279].
• Tambo, or palace of the Incas, i. 301.
• Tamiagua lake, i. 149.
• Tampico river, i. 149.
• Taquari, river of La Plata, ii. [165].
• Tarabitas, or flying bridges, i. 257.
• Tarma, intendancy of Peru, ii. [126].
• ----, city of Peru, ii. [128].
• Tavantin-suyu, ancient name of Peru, ii. [155].
• Tasco, city of New Spain, i. 133.
• Tea of Paraguay, ii. [200]
• Tehuantepeque, city of New Spain, i. 153.
• Temperature of the air in Mexico, i. 46.
• Temple of the Sun at Cuzco, ii. [143].
• Teneriffe, town of New Granada, i. 259.
• Tenochtitlan, original name of Mexico, i. 107.
• Teocallies, or Mexican temples, i. 52.
• Teotihuacan, San Juan de, temple, i. 132.
• Teotl, name of the Deity in Mexico, i. 126.
• Tequehuen, isle of Chonos Archipelago, ii. [287].
• Tequendoma, cataract of, i. 224. 226.
• Tradition concerning, 228.
• Texas, province of New Spain, i. 97.
• Tezcuco, lake of Mexico, i. 129.
• Tiahuanaco, singular monuments at, ii. [184].
• Tibiquari, river of La Plata, ii. [166].
• Tiburon isle, Gulf of California, i. 201.
• Tides, great difference of, at Panama and Porto Bello, i. 234.
• Tierra Firme, general name for Panama, Veragua, and Darien, i. 229.
• ---- —— Proper, or Panama. See Panama.
• ---- ——, conjecture concerning the application of this name to Panama, i. 229.
• Tiguesgalpa, district and town of Guatimala, i. 162.
• Timana, town of New Granada, i, 281.
• Tinta, town of Peru, ii. [145].
• Tipuanis, river of La Plata, ii. [177].
• Tisingal, mine of Guatimala, i. 176.
• Titicaca, or Chucuito Lake, ii. [163]. 185.
• Tlacopan kingdom, i. 104.
• Tlacotalpan, town of New Spain, i. 149.
• Tlascala, city of New Spain, i. 139.
• Tlascalan republic, i. 139.
• Tlatelolco town, i. 108.
• Tlaxcallan republic, i. 103.
• Tocaima, town of New Granada, i. 271.
• Tocunos, river port of Varinas, ii. [65].
• Tocuyo, city of Caraccas, ii. [52].
• ----, river of Caraccas, ii. [45].
• Todo Hierro, castle of Porto Bello, i. 236.
• Tolosa, first Captain General of Caraccas, ii. [21].
• Tolu balsam, i. 242. 250.
• ----, town of New Granada, i. 250.
• Toluca, city of New Spain, i. 133.
• ---- mountain, i. 129.
• Tomahave, mines of La Plata, ii. [177].
• Tomina, district of La Plata, ii. [176].
• Topia, cordillera of, i. 73.
• Topocalma, port of Chili, ii. [274].
• Toqui, great chief of the Araucanians, ii. [290].
• Tortuga Salada isle, ii. [298].
• Totonicapan, district of Guatimala, i. 163.
• Totoral, isle of Chili, ii. [282].
• Toultecs or Toltecs, nation, i. 104.
• Traditions of the Muyscas, i. 228.
• Trexo or Truxo, a negress, great age of, ii. [206].
• Trinidad, discovery of, by Columbus, ii. [19].
• ----, town of Cuba, i. 191.
• Triste isle, Gulf of Mexico, i. 194.
• Truxillo, intendancy of Peru, boundaries, climate, districts, ii. [120].
• Capital, [124].
• Truxillo, jurisdiction of Peru, ii. [124].
• ----, city of Peru, scite, foundation, buildings, population, fortifications, ii. [124].
• ----, city of Caraccas, ii. [64].
• ----, city of Guatimala, i. 175.
• Tucuman, government of La Plata, boundaries, ii. [204].
• Climate, features, history, [205].
• Capital, [211].
• ----, city of La Plata, ii. [211].
• Tula, river of New Spain, i. 134. 149.
• Tulmero, town of Caraccas, ii. [54].
• Tumbez, town of Peru, ii. [121].
• Tumbibamba, battle of, i. 287.
• Tumiriquiri mountain, ii. [34].
• Tumulus, singular one in Quito, i. 301.
• Tumuli of Quito, i. 304.
• Tunguragua mountain, i. 302.
• ----, or false Maranon river, i. 326.
• Tunja, disappearance of Bochica at, i. 217. 271.
• ----, town of New Granada, i. 271.
• Tupac Amaru, the 1st, revolt of, and death, ii. [100].
• ---- ——, the 2d, or, Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui, revolt of, crowned by the Peruvians, wages dreadful war against the whites, ii. [101].
• Tupac Yupanqui, 12th Inca of Peru, ii. [86].
• Tupungato, mountain of Chili, ii. [249].
• Tuquillo, plains of, i. 221.
• Turbaco, village and volcanitos of, New Granada, i. 251.
• Turco, mines of La Plata, ii. [180].
• Turneff isle, i. 197.
• Tuy, river of Caraccas, ii. [46].
• Tuyu, territory of Buenos Ayres, ii. [228].
• Tuxtla, volcano of New Spain, i. 151.
• Tzapoteca, district of New Spain, i. 154.
• U
• Ucayale, or true Maranon, i. 326.
• Ucucuamo mountain, a supposed El Dorado, i. 222.
• Ulmens, chiefs of the Araucanians, ii. [290].
• Ulua, St. Juan de, island of, fort of, light-house, i. 193.
• Umama, peak of, i. 221.
• Unare, river of Caraccas, ii. [41].
• University of Mexico, i. 61.
• Urcos, town of Peru, ii. [143].
• Urubamba river, ii. [144].
• Uruguay, Jesuits' territories, ii. [199].
• ----, or river of the Missions, ii. [166]. 224.
• Uspallata, silver mines of Chili, ii. [217]. 252.
• V
• Vaca de Castro, government of Peru by, i. 292. ii. [99].
• Valdivia, conquest of Chili by, ii. [235].
• ----, fortress and city of Chili, history, buildings, fortifications, environs, harbour, ii. [281].
• Valencia, city of Caraccas, ii. [55].
• ----, lake of Caraccas, ii. [16].
• Valenciana, mines of, the richest in New Spain, description of, expences of, profit, i. 43.
• Height of, 102.
• Valladolid or Mechoacan, intendancy of New Spain, boundaries and extent, i. 134.
• Features, 135.
• Volcano of Xorullo, 135.
• Population, 137.
• Capital and towns, productions, 137.
• Valladolid, city of New Spain, scite, description of, aqueduct, population, &c., i. 137.
• Valley of Caraccas, i. 254.
• Of Aragua, ib.
• Of Monai, or the Llanos, ib.
• Of the Orinoco, ii. [9].
• Valparaiso, city and port of Chili, scite, history, ii. [267].
• Buildings, trade, [268].
• Harbour,[269].
• Vampyre bat, i. 243.
• Varinas, province of Caraccas, ii. [65].
• ----, city of Caraccas, ii. [68].
• Varu isle, Caribbean Sea, ii. [297].
• Venezuela, origin of the name, ii. [16]. 43.
• ----, province of, boundaries, population, soil, climate, ii. [43].
• Features, [44].
• Commerce, [47].
• Capital, [49].
• Vasco Nuñez de Balboa, discovery of the Pacific by, i. 213.
• Vega de Supia, silver mines of New Granada, i. 272.
• Vela Blasco, first viceroy of Peru, ii. [99].
• Velez, town of New Granada, i. 270.
• Vera Cruz, intendancy of New Spain, boundaries, extent, climate, i. 143.
• Singular features of, productions, population, 144.
• Capital, 145.
• Towns, 146.
• Volcanoes, 150.
• Antiquities, 151.
• ----, city of New Spain, situation, defence, port, history, buildings, i. 145.
• Population, vicinity, yellow fever, 146.
• Vera Cruz el Antigua, town of New Spain, i. 147.
• Veragua, first European colony established on the continent of America, i. 179.
• ----, province of New Granada, i. 229.
• Boundaries, discovery of, by Columbus, i. 177. 211.
• Description of, climate, mines, capital, 178.
• Towns, 179.
• ----, Duke of, title of Columbus, i. 177.
• ----, city of New Granada, i. 178.
• Vera-Paz, province of Guatimala, boundaries, i. 165.
• Extent, climate, features, trade, capital, 166.
• ----, or Coban, city of Guatimala, i. 166.
• Vermelho, or Vermejo river, ii. [166]. 207.
• Vernon, Admiral, attack on Porto Bello by, i. 238.
• Attack on Carthagena by, 249.
• Vicente Yanez Pinzon, discovery of the Maranon by, i. 329.
• Explores Paria, ii. [10].
• Viceroys of New Spain, i. 31.
• Of New Granada, 214.
• Of Peru, ii. [100].
• Viceroyalty of New Spain. See New Spain.
• ---- of New Granada, erection of, i. 293.
• ---- of Peru, ii. [75].
• ---- of Buenos Ayres, or La Plata, ii. [155].
• Victoria, town of Caraccas, ii. [54].
• ----, or Tabasco, town of New Spain, i. 148.
• Vicuna, or Peruvian camel, ii. [137]. 253.
• Vilcamayo river, i. 326. ii. [144].
• Vilcanota, chain of, boundary between Peru and La Plata, ii. [146].
• Vilcas Guaman, district and town of Peru, ii. [139].
• Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, founded by Cortez, i. 23.
• Villa Rica, town of Paraguay, ii. [204].
• ---- ——, volcano of Chili, ii. [249].
• ---- ——, lake of Chili, ii. [250].
• Villa Hermosa, town of New Spain, i. 149.
• Villa de Leon, town of New Spain, i. 103.
• Villa del Principe, town of Cuba, i. 191.
• Vilumilla, toqui of the Chilese, ii. [243].
• Vinegar river, singular stream of Popayan, i. 281.
• Violence of the winds on the Andes, i. 302.
• Vizcacha, or Chilese fox, ii. [256].
• Volcanitos de Turbaco, i. 251.
• Volcano of Guayna Patina, in Peru, ii. [148].
• ---- of Peteroa, in Chili, ii. [249]. 274.
• ---- of Villa Rica, in Chili, ii. [249].
• Volcanoes of New Spain, i. 36.
• ---- of the Andes, i. 224.
• ---- of Chili, ii. [249].
• Voyages of Columbus. See Columbus.
• ---- of different travellers on the Maranon, i. 330.
• ---- of Father Girval up the Maranon, ii. [151].
• ---- of Magalhaens, ii. [292].
• W
• Welsers, a German company, to whom Caraccas was intrusted, ii. [20].
• West India Isles of Spain, number of, political divisions, i. 179.
• Wheat, introduction of, into Quito, i. 305.
• ----, quantity cultivated in New Spain, i. 38.
• Whites, number of, in New Spain, i. 47.
• ----, number of, in Spanish America, ii. [319].
• Workmen and labourers in the Mexican mines often steal the metals, i. 44.
• X
• Xalapa, city of New Spain, gives its name to jalap, i. 39.
• Population, scite, climate, height, i. 147.
• Xaquijaguana valley, place where Gonzalo Pizarro was taken prisoner, ii. [144].
• Xarayes, lake of La Plata, ii. [162].
• Xauxa, district and town of Peru, ii. [137].
• ----, or Jauja, river of Peru, ii. [127].
• Xexemani, suburb of Carthagena, i. 246.
• Xexuy, river of La Plata, ii. [166].
• Xochicalco lake, i. 130.
• ----, monument of, i. 132.
• Xorullo volcano, singular formation of, i. 135.
• Xuxuy, or San Salvador, city of La Plata, ii. [213].
• Y
• Yaguache, district of New Granada, i. 312.
• Yanos, fort of New Spain. See Janos.
• Yahuar Huacac, 8th Inca of Peru, ii. [85].
• Yapura river, i. 327. 332.
• Yaracuy, river of Caraccas, ii. [46].
• Year of the Moscas, i. 218.
• Yecorato, mines of New Spain, i. 91.
• Yellow fever at Caraccas, ii. [6].
• At La Guayra, [7].
• Yopez, river of New Spain, i. 143.
• Ypacary, lake of La Plata, ii. [163].
• Ypoa, lake of La Plata, ii. [163].
• Yquilao, isle of the Archipelago of Chonos, ii. [287].
• Yvari river, ii. [154].
• Yucatan or Merida, intendancy of, boundaries, extent, productions, climate, i. 155.
• Mountains, rivers, inhabitants, British settlers, 156.
• Logwood cutting, Indians, 157.
• Population, capital, towns, 158.
• Yupanqui, 11th Inca of Peru, ii. [85].
• Yuranqui, plain of, place where a degree of the meridian was measured by the Spanish and French mathematicians, i. 297.
• Yurba river, ii. [154].
• Yutay river, ii. [154].
• Z
• Zacatecas, intendancy of, boundaries, extent, population, mines, capital, and towns, i. 99.
• ---- ——, city of New Spain, i. 99.
• Zacatula, town of New Spain, i. 134.
• ----, river of New Spain, i. 134.
• Zamba, town of New Granada, i. 251.
• Zaque or Xaque, title of the Prince of the Moscas, i. 321.
• Zeruma, town of New Granada, i. 321.
• Zinu, town of New Granada, i. 251.
• Zippas, chiefs of the Moscas, i. 217.
• Zitara, canal of, unites the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, i. 273.
• Zumpango, lake of Mexico, i. 130.

FINIS.