Treatise on Poisons / In relation to medical jurisprudence, physiology, and the practice of physic

by Sir Robert Christison

INDEX.

• Absorption, its extreme rapidity, [15]
• — action of poisons through, [17]
• — effect of in removing poisons beyond the reach of analysis, [57]
• Acetatæ of lead, tests of, in its pure state, [398]
• — — — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, [423]
• — — — effects on the animal body. See Lead.
• Acetates of copper, their tests, [350]
• — — morphia, its tests, [533]
• Acid, acetic, its tests in the pure and mixed state, [164]
• — — effects on man and animals, [165]
• Acid, arsenious, its chemical properties, [200]
• — — its taste, [200]
• — — its solubility in various menstrua, [201]
• — — its tests when in the solid state, [203]
• — — its tests when in solution, [206]
• — — its liquid tests give complete evidence conjunctly, not separately, [209]
• — — its tests when mixed with organic substances, [215]
• — — Marsh’s process for, [211], [217]
• — — Reinsch’s process for, [214], [216]
• — — process for by hydrosulphuric acid, [217]
• — — process for by Fresenius and Von Bab, [218]
• — — fallacies in the process for detecting, [219]
• — — its effects on the body. See Arsenic.
• Acid, carbonic. See Gas.
• — carbazotic, a poison, [610]
• — citric, not poisonous, [180]
• Acid, hydrochloric, tests for, in its pure and mixed state, [146]
• Acid, hydrocyanic, its action on the body, [582]
• — — rapidity of its action, [582], [590]
• — — acts in all its chemical combinations, [585]
• — — acts through every animal tissue, [584], [592]
• — — enters the blood and communicates its odour, [594]
• Acid, hydrocyanic, why its odour is not always perceptible in the blood, [594]
• — — contained in many plants, renders them poisonous, [600]
• — — its tests when pure, [578]
• — — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, [580]
• — — symptoms it induces in man, [587]
• — — may cause instant death, [582], [590]
• — — morbid appearances caused by it, [593]
• — — treatment of poisoning with, [596]
• Acid, meconic, its tests, [532]
• Acid, nitric, its tests in the pure and mixed state, [142], [143]
• — — process for stains produced by, [143]
• Acid, oxalic, its action on the animal body, [173]
• — — its morbid appearances, [177]
• — — symptoms caused by it in man, [173]
• — — its symptoms are occasionally of themselves complete proof of poisoning, [179]
• — — its tests when pure, [168]
• — — process for, in organic mixtures, [170]
• — — treatment of poisoning with, [178]
• Acid, phosphorous, a feeble poison, [152]
• — — sulpho-cyanic, not a poison, [587]
• Acid, sulphuric, its tests in the pure state, [123]
• — — process for it in the mixed state, [126]
• — — process for stains occasioned by, [125]
• — — action on animals, [128]
• — — morbid appearances, [135]
• — — the morbid appearances are at times of themselves complete proof of poisoning, [139]
• Acid, sulphuric, symptoms in man classified, [129]
• — — the symptoms are at times alone complete proof of poisoning, [135]
• — — throwing of, to disfigure or disable, is a capital crime, [122]
• — — treatment of poisoning with, [140]
• Acid, sulphuric, effects of on the intestines after death, [139]
• Aconitina, the alkaloid of monkshood, [662]
• Aconitum, poisoning with, [662]
• Acrid poisons of the vegetable and animal kingdoms, [451]
• Action of poisons, [9]
• — — — by absorption, [17]
• — — — causes which modify the, [27]
• — — — local, [9]
• — — — remote, [11]
• — — — organs acted on by the remote, [22]
• — — — rapidity of the, [14], [582]
• — — — through sympathy, [12]
• — — — applied to the discovery of antidotes, [37]
• Administration of poison by prisoner, necessity of the proof of, on trials, [72]
• — — — by prisoner, may be proved by pure medical evidence, [73]
• Æthusa, poisoning with, [662]
• Aggregation, state of, its effects on the action of poisons, [28]
• Alcohol, poisoning with, [725]
• — morbid appearances induced by, [731]
• — poisoning of with other poisons, [734]
• — symptoms of poisoning with, in its several degrees, [725]
• — treatment of poisoning with, [735]
• Alkalies and Alkaline salts, fixed, [180]
• — — — — their mode of action, [183]
• — — — — morbid appearances caused by them, [186]
• — — — — symptoms caused in man, several varieties of, [183]
• — — — — tests for, [181]
• — — — — treatment of poisoning with, [187]
• Alkaline sulphurets. See Sulphurets.
• Almond. See Bitter-Almond.
• Alum, effects of on man and animals, [509]
• Ammonia and its salts, tests of, [193]
• — — — — their effects on man and animals, [193]
• Ammoniacal gas, effects of, on man, [194]
• Amygdalus. See Bitter Almond.
• Anemone, its effects as a poison, [463]
• Angustura bark, false, its effects on man and animals, [692]
• Animal acrids, general observations on their effects, [470]
• Animal matter poisoned by disease, [487]
• — — poisonous from ordinary putrefaction, [490]
• — — poisonous from modified putrefaction, [492]
• Animals, evidence of poisoning from experiments on, [62]
• Animals, effects of suspected articles of food on, [63]
• — effects of suspected matters of vomiting or contents of stomach on, [67]
• — experiments on, may illustrate physiological points disputed on trials, [71]
• — various effects of poisons on different, [63]
• Antidotes, by what principles the search for them must be regulated, [37]
• Antimony, tests for its compounds, [367]
• — tartrate of. See Tartar-emetic.
• Apoplexy, distinction between it and narcotic poisoning, drawn from symptoms, [511]
• — distinction between it and narcotic poisoning, drawn from morbid appearances, [514]
• — congestive appearances of, [517]
• — from extravasation, [517]
• — serous, [517]
• — simple, [515]
• Arseniate of potass, its tests, [224]
• Arsenic, tests for its compounds, [198]
• — action of, illustrated by experiments on animals, [227]
• — acts through all the animal tissues, [229]
• — acts in all its chemical forms, except in the metallic state, [230]
• — action of, is a little impaired by the effects of mixture—not by habit, [233]
• — acts when applied to ulcers and eruptions, [251]
• — acts when applied to the sound skin, [257]
• — acts when introduced into the rectum, [253]
• — acts when thrust into the vagina, [254]
• — acts powerfully when inhaled, [254]
• — does it exist in the blood of those poisoned with it?, [228]
• Arsenic, dose required to cause death, [232]
• — morbid appearances caused by it, [262]
• — morbid appearances sometimes not caused by it at all, [262]
• — morbid appearances caused by it after death, [282]
• — does it prevent the bodies of those poisoned with it from putrefying?, [273] 273
• — symptoms it causes in man classified according to three varieties, [234]
• — symptoms of, at times supply alone complete evidence of poisoning, [259]
• Arsenic, symptoms of, occasionally very trifling, even where fatal, [286]
• — symptoms of, how soon may they begin, and how long may they be delayed?, [234]
• — symptoms of, how soon may they kill?, [239]
• — symptoms of, how long may they last?, [248]
• — treatment of poisoning with, [283]
• — treatment of, no antidotes known, [285]
• — changes it undergoes in the stomach after death, [268]
• — metallic, not a poison, [230]
• — oxide of. See Acid, arsenious.
• — sulphurets of. See Sulphurets.
• Arsenite of copper, its tests, [223]
• — — — seldom contained in mineral green, [223], [346]
• — of potass, its tests, [223]
• Arseniuretted-hydrogen, [227]
• — — its effects, [256]
• Arum maculatum, poisoning with, [465]
• Asagræa officinalis, [672]
• Atropa, poisoning with, [639]
• — symptoms induced by it in man, [640]
• — morbid appearances caused by it, [643]
• Atropia, alkaloid of belladonna, [639]
• Bacon, poisonous at times, [497]
• Baryta, poisoning with its compounds, [446]
• — muriate of, tests for, [446]
• — — — and carbonate, their effects on man and animals, [448]
• — morbid appearances caused by, [450]
• — treatment of poisoning with, [450]
• Bee, its poisonous sting, [487]
• Belladonna. See Atropa.
• Bichloride of mercury. See Corrosive Sublimate.
• Bicyanide of mercury, [303]
• Biliary ducts, rupture of, imitates irritant poisoning, [97]
• Bilious vomiting, imitates irritant poisoning, [100]
• Bismuth, poisoning with its compounds, [383]
• Bitartrate of potash, a poison in large doses, [507]
• Bitter-almond, its poisonous effects, [602]
• — may cause death, [603]
• — essential oil of, its effects as a poison, [604]
• — essential oil of, its composition, [601]
• — essential oil of, its formation, [602]
• Bitter-apple, poisoning with, [460]
• Bitter cassava, poisoning with, [457]
• Bitter-sweet, a feeble poison, [576]
• Blood, discovery of poisons in the, [21]
• Boiling water, effects of, when swallowed, [505]
• — — causes cynanche laryngea, [506]
• Bombyx processionaria, its poisonous effects, [477]
• Brain, inflammation of its membranes, distinguished from narcotic poisoning, [523]
• — inflammation of its substance, distinguished from narcotic poisoning, [524]
• — hypertrophy of, distinguished from narcotic poisoning, [526]
• Bread, adulteration of, with the sulphate of copper, [354]
• — effects of spoiled, [720]
• Bromine, tests for, [161]
• — its effects on animals, [162]
• Brucea antidysenterica, not the False Angustura tree, [692]
• Brucia, alkaloid of false angustura bark, [692]
• Bryony-root, effects of, on man and animals, [459]
• Calomel, its tests, [292]
• — can it be considered an irritant poison?, [332]
• Calthapalustris, its effects as a poison, [463]
• Camphor, its effects on animals, [694]
• — morbid appearances caused by, [696]
• — symptoms excited by, in man, [694]
• Cantharides, physical characters of, [471]
• — action of, on animals, [471]
• — morbid appearances caused by, [476]
• — symptoms it excites in man, [472]
• — treatment of poisoning with, [476]
• Carbonate of ammonia, [193]
• — of baryta, tests of, [446]
• — of lead, tests of, [398]
• — of lead is formed on lead by the action of air and water,—and see Lead, [399]
• Carbonates of potass and soda, tests of, [181]
• Carbonic acid. See Gas.
• Carbonic oxide gas, effects of, on man, [624]
• Carburetted-hydrogen gas, its effects on man, [622]
• Cassada, bitter, its effects, [457]
• Castor-oil-seeds, effects of, on man and animals, [456]
• Cerasus Lauro-cerasus. See Cherry-laurel.
• Cevadilla, a poison, [672]
• Cheese, occasionally poisonous without intentional adulteration, [494]
• Chemical analysis, evidence of general poisoning from, [54]
• — — may be rendered unavailing by vomiting and purging, [55]
• — — may be rendered useless by absorption, [57]
• — — may be fruitless, because the poison has been decomposed, [58]
• — — is often successful after long interment, [58]
• Chemical combination, its influence in modifying the operation of poisons, [28]
• Chemical decomposition, its effects in removing poisons beyond the reach of analysis, [58]
• Chemical evidence not always indispensable to the proof of poisoning, [59]
• Cherry-laurel water, a deadly poison, [605]
• — essential oil of, is the same as the oil of bitter-almond, [605]
• — effects of the distilled water and oil on animals and man, [605], [606]
• Chlorine, its effects on man and animals, [152], [616]
• Chloride of barium, [446]
• — of iron, poisoning with, [392]
• Chlorides of soda, potassa and lime, their action as poisons, [191]
• Cholera imitates irritant poisons, and how to be distinguished, [100]
• — its shortest duration, [101]
• — supposed to have been caused by emanations from a cess-pool, [621]
• — impairs the activity of some poisons, [35]
• — malignant, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, [102]
• Chrome, poisoning with the compounds of, [385]
• Cicuta, its effects on man and animals, [662]
• Cinnabar, its tests, [290]
• Citric acid, not a poison, [180]
• Classification of poisons, [90]
• Cluster-cherry, its distilled water and essential oil are active poisons, [608]
• Cocculus indicus, its effects on man and animals, [696]
• Colchicum autumnale, effects of, on man, [674]
• Colchina, alkaloid of colchicum, [674]
• Cold water, death from drinking it, imitating irritant poisoning, [98]
• Colic, how it is distinguished from irritant poisoning, [109]
• Colica pictonum, causes of, [426], [431], [437]
• — — trades which are subject to suffer, [436]
• Colica pictonum, precautions for preventing it in workmen, [443]
• Colocynth, effects of, on man and animals, [460]
• Common salt, a poison in very large doses, [508]
• Compound poisoning, [740]
• Conduct of prisoner, illustrated by medical evidence, may prove his guilt, [73]
• Conia, alkaloid of hemlock, [653]
• Conium, effects of, on man and animals, [654]
• Copper, poisoning with, [345]
• — action of its compounds, [358]
• — adulteration of bread with, [354]
• — corrosion of, by articles of food and drink, [350], [353]
• — corroded by saline solutions, [350]
• — corroded by wine and vegetable acids, [352]
• — corroded by fatty matters, [352]
• — metallic, not poisonous, [360]
• — morbid appearances caused by, [364]
• — process for detecting its salts when pure, [346]
• — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, [355]
• — sulphuret not poisonous, unless long exposed to the air, [361]
• — symptoms of poisoning with in man, [361]
• — treatment of poisoning with, [365]
• — contained in most vegetable substances, [355]
• — is it contained in the blood of animals poisoned with it?, [360]
• Coriaria myrtifolia, poisoning with, [698]
• Corrosion caused by poisons, examples of, [9]
• Corrosive sublimate, action on animals. See Mercury.
• — — action on dead intestine, [341]
• — — chemical properties of, [291]
• — — is decomposed by organic principles, [297]
• — — process for, in the solid state, [292]
• — — process by reduction when it is dissolved, [292]
• — — process by liquid tests when it is dissolved, [293]
• — — process for it in organic mixtures, [296]
• — — additional tests for it in the pure state, [294]
• — — symptoms caused by it in man. See Mercury.
• Cream of tartar, a poison in large doses, [507]
• Creasote, a poison, [739]
• Croton-oil and seed, effects of, [459]
• Cuckow-pint, poisoning with, [465]
• Cupping-glasses, in the treatment of external poisoning, [38]
• Cyanide of mercury, tests for, [303]
• — its effects on man, [332]
• Cyanogen gas, its effects on animals, [636]
• Cyanous acid, a feeble poison, [587]
• Cytisus Laburnum, its poisonous effects, [723]
• Daffodil, its effects as a poison, [467]
• Daphne, effects of its different species on man and animals, [465]
• Darnel-grass, its effects on man, [721]
• Datura, poisoning with, [644]
• Daturia, alkaloid of thorn-apple, [645]
• Dead-tongue, poisoning with, [658]
• Death-bed, evidence in cases of poisoning, its importance, and hints for collecting it, [84]
• Delirium tremens, impair the activity of some poisons, [35]
• — — the effect of alcohol, [731]
• Delphinia, alkaloid of stavesacre, [464]
• Delphinium, poisoning with, [464]
• Digestion of poisons, tends to remove them beyond the reach of analysis, [58]
• Digitalis, poisoning with, [678]
• Dippel’s oil, a poison, [737]
• Diseases, their influence on the operation of poisons, [35]
• Distension of stomach, death from, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, [95]
• Dysentery impairs the activity of opium as a poison, [35]
• Eels sometimes poisonous, [484]
• Elaterium and elaterin, their poisonous properties, [461]
• Emeta, its poisonous properties, [682]
• Empyreumatic oils are active poisons, [737]
• Epilepsy, distinction between it and narcotic poisoning from the symptoms, [519]
• — distinction of, from narcotic poisoning by morbid appearances, [521]
• Epsom salt, a poison in large doses, [506]
• Ergot. See Spurred rye.
• Ervum Ervilia is a poison, [722]
• Ether, effects of, on man and animals, [736]
• Euphorbium, its effects on man and animals, [454]
• Evidence of poisoning. See Symptoms. Morbid Appearances. Chemical Evidence. Animals.
• — of general poisoning from symptoms, [43]
• — — — — from morbid appearances, [51]
• — — — — from chemical analysis, [54]
• Evidence of general poisoning from experiments on animals, [62]
• — — — — from moral circumstances, [71]
• Evidence, medical, of the administration in charges of poisoning, [72]
• — — may prove the prisoner’s intent, [78]
• — — on death-bed, [83]
• Fainting, mortal, distinction between it and narcotic poisoning, [527]
• Feigned poisoning, [86]
• Ferro-cyanate of potass not poisonous, [586]
• Fever impairs the activity of some poisons, [35]
• Fish-poison, [477]
• Fly-powder, tests for, [199]
• Fool’s parsley, effects on man and animals, [661]
• Foxglove, its effects on man and animals, [678]
• Fowler’s solution, tests of, [223]
• Fungi, list of the wholesome, [700]
• — list of the deleterious, [701]
• — circumstances which modify their qualities, [702]
• — rules for knowing poisonous, [703]
• — active principles of, [704]
• — symptoms of poisoning with, [704]
• — morbid appearances caused by, [708]
• — treatment of poisoning with, [709]
• — poisoning of wholesome kinds with other poisons, [709]
• Gamboge, poisoning with, [466]
• Gas, carbonic acid, morbid appearances caused by, [632]
• — — — is poisonous positively, not negatively, [614], [624]
• — — — symptoms caused by, when pure, [625]
• — — — symptoms it causes when diluted with air, [625]
• — — — symptoms, when from burning charcoal, [626]
• — — — symptoms, when from burning coal, [631]
• — — — symptoms, when from burning tallow, [630]
• — — — symptoms when formed by respiration, [632]
• — — — treatment of poisoning with, [634]
• Gas, carbonic oxide, its effects on man, [634]
• — carbureted-hydrogen, effects on man, [622]
• — coal and oil, effects on man, [622]
• — chlorine, its effects on man, [616]
• — cyanogen, its effects on animals and plants, [636]
• — hydrosulphuric acid, effects when injected into the veins, [613]
• — — — effects when breathed by man, [618]
• — — — effects on vegetables, [618]
• Gas, hydrosulphuric acid, morbid appearances caused by, [619]
• — — — proves fatal though applied to the skin only, [614], [617]
• — muriatic acid, very poisonous to plants, [617]
• — nitric oxide and nitrous acid, effects when injected into the veins, [614]
• — nitrous acid, effects on man, [615]
• — nitrous oxide, its effects on man and plants, [635]
• — oxygen, a positive poison, [636]
• — sulphurous acid, extremely poisonous to plants, [631]
• Gases, poisonous, medico-legal importance of, [611]
• — which of them are negatively, and which positively poisonous, [612]
• Gastritis. See Stomach.
• General poisoning, evidence of, [39]
  • and see Evidence.
• Glass-powder, is it a poison?, [503]
• Gold, poisoning with its compounds, [383]
• Goulard’s extract, tests for, [399]
• Grain, sometimes poisonous, [710]
• — unripe, its supposed effects on man, [719]
• Green vitriol. See Sulphate of Iron.
• Gullet, perforation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, [108], [119]
• Habit, its effect in modifying the action of poisons, [34]
• Hæmatemesis, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, [109]
• Heart, organic diseases of, may imitate narcotic poisoning, [528]
• Hellebore, effects of its different species on man and animals, [672]
• Hellebore, white. See Veratrum.
• Hemlock, its effects on man and animals, [653]
• — dropwort, its effects as a poison, [660]
• Henbane. See Hyoscyamus.
• Hippomane Mancinella, its poisonous effects, [458]
• Hot liquids cause symptoms of irritant poisoning, [505]
• Hydrochlorate of ammonia. See Ammonia.
  • Also, [193]
• Hydrochlorates. See Muriates.
• Hydrochloric acid. See Acids.
• Hydrocyanic acid. See Acid.
• Hyoscyamus, its effects on man and animals, [573]
• Hydrophobia impairs the activity of some poisons, [35]
• Hypertrophy of brain. See Brain.
• Hysteria lessens the effect of opium, [35]
• Idiosyncrasy, its influence in modifying the action of poisons, [32]
• — sometimes renders wholesome articles deleterious to individuals, [33], [68]
• Iliac passion imitates irritant poisoning, [109]
• Imaginary poisoning, [85]
• Imputed poisoning, [88]
• Inflammation of brain. See Brain.
• — of intestine. See Intestines.
• — of stomach. See Stomach.
• Insects, poisonous, [486]
• Intent in the administration of poison may be sometimes proved by medical evidence, [78]
• Interment for years may not prevent the detection of poisons, [58]
• Intestines, inflammation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, [99]
• — obstruction of, may imitate irritant poisoning, [109]
• — perforation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, [108], [119]
• Iodide of potassium, effects, [157]
• — — — tests of, [158]
• Iodine, its effects on man and animals, [154]
• — its tests in the pure and mixed state, [152]
• Ipecacuan, poisoning with, [682]
• Ipomæa Purga, a poison, [467]
• Iron, poisoning with the salts of, [391]
• Irritant poisons, general observations on, [92]
• — — distribution of into orders, [121]
• — — morbid appearances of, contrasted with those of various natural diseases, [110]
• — — symptoms of, contrasted with those of various natural diseases, [93]
• Irritation, examples of, caused by poisons, [9]
• Jalap, its effects as a poison, [467]
• Jatropha, its effects on man and animals, [457]
• Juniperus Sabina, its poisonous effects, [468]
• King’s yellow, its tests and composition, [225]
• Laburnum seeds poisonous, [723]
• Lacluca, poisoning with, [575]
• Lathyrus Cicera is a poison, [722]
• Lead, tests for its compounds, [396]
• — action of air and water on, [399]
• — adulteration of wines with, [420]
• — adulteration of spirits with, [422]
• — adulteration of a mechanical nature, [422]
• — corrosion of, by distilled water, [401]
• — corrosion of, by water prevented by salts in solution, [403]
• — corrosion of, prevented by excessively minute proportions of some salts, [403]
• — corrosion of, by natural waters, [406]
• — corrosion of, by rain and snow-water, [406]
• Lead, corrosion of, by spring waters, how prevented, [414]
• — corrosion of, not caused by some spring waters, [408]
• — dissolved by many acidulous fluids, [415]
• — dissolved by these fluids much more rapidly if it is oxidated, [419]
• — metallic, is not poisonous, [427]
• — mode of action on the animal body, [424]
• — does it exist in the blood or organs of animals poisoned with it?, [426]
• — morbid appearances caused by, [439]
• — process for detecting its compounds, [396]
• — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, [422]
• — sulphuret of, not poisonous, [427]
• — symptoms caused by, in man, classified according to two varieties, [429]
• — symptoms caused by, as an irritant, [429]
• — symptoms of, constituting the disease colica pictonum, [431]
• — tradesmen who are subject to suffer from poisoning with, [436]
• Lead, treatment of poisoning with, [441]
• Lead glazing is rapidly acted on by acidulous fluids in some circumstances, not in others, [419]
• Lettuce-opium, effect of, on animals, [575]
• Lime, poisoning with, [192]
• Liver of sulphur. See Sulphurets.
• Litharge, tests for, [396]
• Lividity is no evidence of poisoning, [51]
• Local action of poisons, [9]
• Lolium temulentum, its effects on man, [721]
• Maize, spurred, [718]
• Manchineel, its effects on man and animals, [458]
• Mania impairs the activity of some poisons, [35]
• Marsh marigold, its effects on man and animals, [464]
• Meadow-saffron, its effects on man, [674]
• Mechanical irritants produce the same effects as irritant poisons, [501]
• Meconic acid, its tests, [53]
• — — is not poisonous, [562]
• Meloe proscarabæus, its poisonous effects, [477]
• Melanosis of stomach imitates the effects of irritant poisons, [112]
• Melæna, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, [109]
• Meningitis, how distinguished from narcotic poisoning, [523]
• Menispermum Cocculus, poisoning with, [696]
• Mercurial salivation in cases of poisoning, when does it begin?, [314]
• Mercurial salivation, phenomena of, [316]
• — — can it be confounded with any other disorder?, [319]
• — — may it return after a long intermission?, [322]
• — — its duration, [322]
• — — in what modes it may prove fatal, [324]
• Mercurial tremor, [324]
• Mercury, action of its soluble compounds on the animal body, [303]
• — acts through all animal tissues, [327]
• — acts in all soluble chemical compounds, [329]
• — acts not, when in the metallic state, [330]
• — acts not, in the form of sulphuret, [331]
• — acts not, when its soluble compounds are decomposed by organic principles, [336]
• — existence in the blood of those who have taken it is extremely probable, [306]
• — morbid appearances caused by, [337]
• Mercury, processes for its compounds when pure, [289]
• — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, [299]
• — symptoms of poisoning with, classified according to three varieties, [310]
• — symptoms of corrosive poisoning with, their longest duration, [312]
• — symptoms of, their shortest duration in fatal cases, [313]
• — symptoms of, sometimes furnish of themselves decisive evidence of poisoning, [337]
• — treatment of poisoning with an antidote, [342]
• Metals, not poisonous unless oxidated, [230], [329], [360], [427]
• Mezereon, its effects on man and animals, [465]
• Milk at times poisonous without intentional adulteration, [496]
• Mineral-green, tests of, [347]
• — See Arsenite of Copper.
• Mixture, its effect in modifying the action of poisons, [29]
• Momordica Elaterium, its poisonous properties, [461]
• Monkshood, its effects on man and animals, [662]
• Moral evidence of poisoning, [71]
• Morbid appearances, evidence of general poisoning from, [51]
• — — sometimes supply alone full proof of poisoning, [139]
• Morphia, its tests, [532]
• — its effects on man and animals, [557]
• Mosses, poisonous, [710]
• Mountain-ash is poisonous, as containing hydrocyanic acid, [609]
• Muriate of baryta. See Baryta.
• Muriate of morphia, its tests, [533]
• Muriate of mercury. See Calomel—Corrosive Sublimate.
• Muriate of soda, a poison in large quantity, [508]
• Muriatic acid, [146]
• Muriatic acid gas, [617]
• Muscles are occasionally poisonous, [479]
• — causes why they become poisonous, [481]
• — copper cannot account for their effects, [481]
• — decay, does it render them poisonous?, [481]
• — disease, will this explain their effects?, [482]
• — idiosyncrasy sometimes makes them poisonous, [482]
• — insects of a poisonous nature entering their shell, will this explain their effects?, [483]
• Muscles, principle of a poisonous nature not yet discovered in them, [482]
• — symptoms and morbid appearances caused by the poisonous, [479]
• Mushrooms. See Fungi.
• Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus, a poison, [467]
• Narcotico-acrid poisons, general remarks on, [637]
• Narcotic poisoning, its symptoms and morbid appearances, contrasted with those of natural disease, [510]
• Narcotics, their active principles, [529]
• Narcotine, its tests, [534]
• — its effects on animals, [560]
• Nervous local impressions, examples of, caused by poisons, [10]
• Nicotiana Tabacum. See Tobacco.
• Nicotianin, poisonous principle of tobacco, [647]
• Nightshade. See Solanum—Atropa.
• Nitrates of mercury, their tests, [303]
• Nitre, its tests, [187]
• — its action and symptoms in man, [188]
• — morbid appearances caused by, [191]
• Nitric acid. See Acids, Mineral.
• Nitric oxide gas, its effects on animals, [614]
• Nitrous acid vapour, its effects on man, [615]
• Nitrous oxide gas, its effects on man, [635]
• Nux-vomica, action of, on animals, [688]
• — morbid appearances caused by, [689]
• — symptoms it excites in man, [686]
• Nux-vomica, symptoms of, sometimes alone are complete evidence of poisoning, [690]
• — its tests, [686]
• — treatment, [690]
• Œnanthe, poisoning with, [653]
• Oil of Dippel, [737]
• Oil of tar, [738]
• Oil of turpentine, [738]
• Oils, empyreumatic, are poisonous, [737]
• Opium, frequently used for the purpose of poisoning, [530]
• — action of, illustrated by experiments, [539]
• — acts as a poison through every animal tissue, even the skin, [556]
• — chemical history of, [530]
• — chemical analysis cannot detect it in the blood, [541]
• — morbid appearances caused by, [562]
• — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, [534]
• — may cause death and not be discoverable in the stomach why?, [537]
• Opium, symptoms of, in man, [539]
• — symptoms of, how soon may they begin, and how long may they be delayed?, [543]
• Opium, ordinary, shortest, and longest duration of fatal poisoning with, [547]
• — smallest fatal dose of, in adults, [549]
• — fatal dose in infants extremely small, [549]
• — principles contained in, [531]
• — tests for the principles of, when pure, [532]
• — treatment of poisoning with, [566]
• Opium-eaters, are they short lived?, [551]
• Orpiment, [224], [230]
• Osmium, [395]
• Oxygen, a poison, [636]
• Oysters, sometimes poisonous, [483]
• Peach flowers may cause fatal poisoning, [608]
• Pepper, a poison in very large doses, [506]
• Perforation. See Stomach—Intestines—Gullet.
• Peritonæum, inflammation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, [105]
• Phosphorus, its effects on man and animals, [149]
• Phosphorous acid, a feeble poison, [152]
• Picrotoxin, active principle of Cocculus Indicus, [696]
• Pretended poisoning, [85]
• Protochloride of Mercury, See Calomel.
• Prunus Lauro-cerasus. See Cherry-Laurel.
• Prunus Padus. See Cluster-Cherry.
• Prussiate. See Ferro-cyanate.
• Prussic acid. See Hydrocyanic.
• Putrefaction of the body, not a proof of poisoning when premature, [51]
• — does not always prevent the detection of poisons, [59]
• — does arsenic preserve the body from?, [273]
• Putrefied animal matter, its effects as a poison on man and animals, [492]
• Quantity or dose, its influence in modifying the action of poisons, [27]
• Ramollissement. See Brain.
• Ranunculaceæ, their effects on man and animals, [462], [662]
• Ranunculus, its poisonous effects, [462]
• Realgar, its tests, [224]
• Remote action of poisons, through what channel is it carried on?, [12]
• Red-lead, tests for, [397]
• Red precipitate, tests for, [290]
• Redness of Stomach. See Stomach.
• Ricinus. See Castor oil.
• Rue, poisoning with, [681]
• Rupture of stomach, death from, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, [97]
• Rupture of duodenum, death from, how distinguished from irritant poitant poisoning, [97]
• Rupture of biliary ducts, [97]
• — of uterus, [98]
• Rust of wheat is not poisonous, [719]
• Rye. See Spurred rye.
• Sal-ammoniac, its tests, [193]
• — its action on animals, [196]
• Salivation may be caused by various poisons, [319]
• — may be caused by ulcerated sore throat, [319]
• — sometimes an idiopathic disease, [319]
• — sometimes arises from the influence of the imagination, [321]
• Salivation, mercurial. See Mercurial.
• Salmon, pickled or kippered, sometimes injurious, [499]
• Salt, common, a poison in very large quantity, [508]
• Savin, its effects on man and animals, [468]
• Sausages, occasionally poisonous, [492]
• Scilla maritima, effects on man and animals, [671]
• Secale cornutum. See Spur.
• Secret poisoning, [39], [249]
• Serpents, venomous, [484]
• Silver, poisoning with its compounds, [380]
• Simultaneous illness of several persons, important proof of general poisoning, [80]
• Skin, poisons act slowly or not at all through the sound, [30]
• Skin, poisons act through it sometimes when long applied or rubbed in, or in the gaseous state, [257], [328], [435], [556], [614], [618], [625]
• Snakes, venomous, [484]
• Solanum, effects of its species on man and animals, [576]
• Sorbus aucuparia. See Mountain-ash.
• Spinal cord, diseases of, distinguished from narcotic poisoning, [527]
• Spirituous liquors. See Alcohol.
• Sprats smoked, sometimes poisonous, [499]
• Spur, what kinds of grain are attacked by, [711]
• Spurred maize, [718]
• Spurred rye, its causes, [711]
• — chemical analysis of, [713]
• — effects on man and animals, [714]
• — miscarriage supposed to be induced by, [717]
• Squill, poisoning with, [670]
• Stavesacre, its effects on man and animals, [464]
• St. Ignatius’ bean, effects of, on man and animals, [691]
• Stomach, distension of, death from, contrasted with irritant poisoning, [95]
• — fibrinous and mucous effusion in, imitates the effects of irritant poisoning, [113]
• — gelatinization of, a cause of perforation, [107]
• — inflammation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, [102]
• — inflammation of, is it in its acute state ever a natural disease?, [102]
• — partial laceration of, contrasted with irritant poisoning, [97]
• — redness of, from natural causes, imitates the effects of irritant poisons, [110]
• — rupture of, contrasted with the effects of irritant poisons, [96]
• — spontaneous perforation of, distinguished from irritant poisoning, [105]
• — spontaneous perforation of, its symptoms and varieties, [105]
• — spontaneous perforation of, its morbid appearances, nature and causes, [113]
• — ulceration of, how distinguished from the effects of irritant poisons, [113]
• Stomach-pump, discovery of, [567]
• Stramonium, its effects on man and animals, [645]
• Strontia, its salts not poisonous, [451]
• Strychnia, alkaloid of the Strychni, effects of, on animals, [683]
• Strychnos, which of its species are poisonous, [683]
• Sugar of Lead. See Acetate.
• Sulphate of copper, tests for, [348]
• — — — adulteration of bread with, [354]
• — — iron occasionally poisonous, [392]
• — — magnesia, poisonous in very large doses, [506]
• — — mercury, its tests, [290]
• — — potash, poisonous in large doses, [507]
• — — zinc, tests of when pure, [386]
• — — — effects on animals, [387]
• — — — effects on man, [388]
• — — — morbid appearances by, [391]
• — — — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, [386]
• Sulpho-cyanic acid a feeble poison, [586]
• Sulphur, its effects on man and animals, [152]
• Sulphurets of the alkalis, effects on man, morbid appearances, and treatment of poisoning with, [196]
• Sulphurets of antimony, tests of, [367]
• — — arsenic, tests of, [224]
• — — arsenic, its effects as a poison, [230]
• Sulphuret of copper, not poisonous unless long exposed to the air, [360]
• — — lead not poisonous, [428]
• — — mercury its tests, [290]
• — — mercury, not poisonous, [331]
• Sulphuretted hydrogen. See Gas.
• Sulphuric acid. See Acids, Mineral.
• Sympathetic effects of poisons, [12]
• Symptoms of poisoning, evidence from, [42]
• — — — general character of, contrasted with those of the symptoms of natural disease, [42], [46]
• — — — suddenness of the invasion of, [43], [46]
• — — — commence after a meal, [45], [47]
• — — — commence during health, [49]
• — — — regularity of their increase, [44], [47]
• — — — uniformity of their nature, [45], [47]
• — — — may sometimes of themselves be complete evidence of poisoning, [179], [259], [337], [691]
• Syncopal asphyxia, how distinguished from narcotic poisoning, [527]
• Tartar-emetic, action of, on animals, [371]
• — action on the skin, [375]
• — morbid appearances caused by, [376]
• — process for detecting it in a pure solution, [368]
• — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, [369]
• — symptoms excited in man by, [372]
• — sometimes not poisonous in large doses, [373]
• Tartar-emetic, treatment of poisoning with, [377]
• Tartaric acid, not a poison, [180]
• Tetanus lessens the activity of some poisons, [35]
• Thorn-apple effects on man and animals, [645]
• Ticunas, an American poison, [693]
• Tin, poisoning with its compounds, [378]
• Tissues, influence of different, in modifying the action of poisons, [30]
• Tobacco, effects on man and animals, [649]
• — effects of, by the way of injection, [650]
• — not injurious to workmen who manufacture it, [652]
• Toffana, alleged effects of the Aqua Toffana, [249]
• Trachinus has poisonous spines, [478]
• Tremblement metallique, its nature and causes, [325]
• Treatment of poisoning, general inferences as to, drawn from the physiological action of poisons, [36]
• Turbith-mineral, its tests, [290]
• Unripe grain, its supposed deleterious effects, [719]
• Upas antiar, [698]
• — tieuté, [691]
• Uterus, rupture of, imitates irritant poisoning, [97]
• Vegetable acrids, general remarks on their effects, [451]
• Venomous insects, [486]
• Venomous serpents, [484]
• Veratria, alkaloid of veratrum, [673]
• Veratrum, poisoning with the different species of, [672]
• Verdigris, artificial, tests of, [349]
• Verdigris, natural, tests of, [348]
• Verditer, tests of, [347]
• Vermilion, tests of, [290]
• Vitriol, blue. See Sulphate of Copper.
• Vomiting, effects of, in removing poisons beyond the reach of analysis, [55]
• Wasp, its poisonous effects, [480]
• Water-hemlock, effects of, on man and animals, [658]
• Weever, poisonous spines of, [478]
• Wheat, rust of, is hardly poisonous,
• White-lead, tests for, [397]
• White vitriol. See Sulphate of Zinc.
• White precipitate, [332]
• Worms perforating the intestines may imitate irritant poisoning, [108]
• — producing epilepsy may imitate narcotic poisoning, [521]
• Woorara, an American poison, [693]
• Yew, poisoning with, [699]
• Zinc, poisoning with its compounds, [386]
• — sulphate of. See Sulphate.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE.

1. Small funnel-shaped tube for testing minute portions of liquids.

2. Apparatus for the distillation of fluids suspected to contain acids, one-seventh the natural size.

3. Tube for reducing very small portions of arsenic or mercury. The figure is of half the natural size. The ball may be blown larger, if the material to be reduced is bulky.

4. A small glass funnel for introducing the material into the tube Fig. 1, without soiling its inside.

5. The ordinary apparatus for disengaging sulphuretted-hydrogen. The funnel must be a little longer than the emerging tube. The fluid should not be at any time much higher than in the figure, in order to secure the operator against its effervescing up into the emerging tube. The figure is a fourth of the natural size.

6. Instrument for washing down scanty precipitates on filters. It is a thin bottle capable of standing heat—half-filled with water, which may be boiled on occasion,—and having its cork pierced with a small tube drawn at its outer end to a very fine bore. The breath is impelled into the bottle, and, the bottle being then reversed, a very fine stream issues with great force.