[1] The translations before 1681 are The Visions of Dom Francisco de Quevedo (1667); A Guide to Eternity (1672); Five Love-letters from a Nun (1677); The Gentleman-Apothecary (1678); Seneca's Morals (1678); Twenty Select Colloquies of Erasmus (1679); and Tully's Offices (1680).
[2] Various perspectives on L'Estrange's life and works can be found in the following: George Kitchin, Sir Roger L'Estrange (London, 1913) for L'Estrange's life and impact on the Restoration press; J. G. Muddiman, The King's Journalist (London, 1923) for L'Estrange's rivalry with Henry Muddiman, editor of the Oxford [London] Gazette; David J. Littlefield, "The Polemic Art of Sir Roger L'Estrange: A Study of His Political Writings, 1659-1688" (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Yale University, 1961) for an overview of L'Estrange as a political pamphleteer.
[3] In 1679 L'Estrange wrote six new pamphlets and reprinted three old ones; in 1680 eleven new and seventeen old; at the start of 1681, ten new and seventeen old. A probable norm of 1000-1500 copies per pamphlet edition has been estimated by Joseph Frank, The Beginnings of the English Newspaper, 1620-1660 (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), p. 314; two orders of 1500 pamphlets each were given to the Restoration printer Nathaniel Thompson, as noted by Leona Rostenberg, "Nathaniel Thompson, Catholic Printer and Publisher of the Restoration," The Library, 3rd ser., X (1955), 195.
[4] Heraclitus Ridens was considered by generations of historians as the first newspaper in dialogue; most recently, James Sutherland (English Literature of the Late Seventeenth Century, Oxford, 1969, p. 241) has given precedence to The City and Country Mercury.
[5] Studies in the Early English Periodical (Chapel Hill, 1957), p. 38.
[6] Ibid., pp. 38-39.
[7] Walter Graham, English Literary Periodicals (New York, 1930), pp. 38, 63, 168.
[8] On English Prose (Toronto, 1965), pp. 72-74.
[9] The Spectator, No. 10, ed. Donald F. Bond (Oxford, 1965), I, 44.
[10] The Review, ed. Arthur Wellesley Secord (Facsimile Text Society, New York, 1938), I, 4.