[13] Jūzjānī, pp. 448–50. Raverty, pp. 1288–90. [↑]

[14] So notoriously brutal was the treatment they received that even the Chinese showmen in their exhibitions of shadow figures exultingly brought forward the figure of an old man with a white beard dragged by the neck at the tail of a horse, as showing how the Mongol horsemen behaved towards the Musalmans. (Howorth, vol. i. p. 159.) [↑]

[15] Raverty, p. 1146. Howorth, vol. i. pp. 112, 273. This edict was only withdrawn when it was found that it prevented Muhammadan merchants from visiting the court and that trade suffered in consequence. [↑]

[16] Howorth, vol. i. p. 165. [↑]

[17] Jūzjānī, pp. 404–5. Raverty, p. 1160 sqq. [↑]

[18] De Guignes, vol. iii. p. 265. [↑]

[19] In the thirteenth century, three-fourths of the Mongol hosts were Turks. (Cahun, p. 279.) [↑]

[20] C. d’Ohsson, vol. iii. p. 121. [↑]

[21] Rashīd al-Dīn, pp. 600–2. [↑]

[22] Blochet, pp. 74–7. [↑]