[3] Elliot, vol. ii. p. 448. [↑]
[4] Muḥammad b. Qāsim invited the Hindu princes to embrace Islam, and the invaders who followed him were probably equally observant of the religious law. (Elliot, vol. i. pp. 175, 207.) [↑]
[5] Or Baran, the old name of Bulandshahr. [↑]
[6] Elliot, vol. ii. pp. 42–3. [↑]
[7] Gazetteer of the N.W.P., vol. iii. part ii. p. 85. [↑]
[8] “The military adventurers, who founded dynasties in Northern India and carved out kingdoms in the Dekhan, cared little for things spiritual; most of them had indeed no time for proselytism, being continually engaged in conquest or in civil war. They were usually rough Tartars or Moghals; themselves ill-grounded in the faith of Mahomed, and untouched by the true Semitic enthusiasm which inspired the first Arab standard bearers of [[258]]Islam. The empire which they set up was purely military, and it was kept in that state by the half success of their conquests and the comparative failure of their spiritual invasion. They were strong enough to prevent anything like religious amalgamation among the Hindus, and to check the gathering of tribes into nations; but so far were they from converting India, that among the Mahommedans themselves their own faith never acquired an entire and exclusive monopoly of the high offices of administration.” (Sir Alfred C. Lyall: Asiatic Studies, p. 289.) (London, 1882.) [↑]
[9] Firishtah, vol. i. p. 184. [↑]
[10] Ibn Baṭūṭah, tome iii. p. 197. [↑]