[35] Becker, Geschichte des östlichen Sūdān, p. 162–3. Blau, p. 322. Oppel, p. 289. At the close of the fourteenth century ʻUmar b. Idrīs moved his capital to the west of Lake Chad in the territory of Bornu, by which name the kingdom of Kanem became henceforth known. [↑]

[36] Maurice Delafosse, p. 87. [↑]

[37] Becker: Geschichte des östlichen Sūdān, pp. 161–2. [↑]

[38] R. C. Slatin Pasha: Fire and Sword in the Sudan, pp. 38, 40–2. (London, 1896.) [↑]

[39] Westermann, p. 628. [↑]

[40] Oppel, p. 292. Meyer, pp. 36–7. Westermann, pp. 629–30. [↑]

[41] Fulbe (sing. Pul) is the name by which these people call themselves; upwards of a hundred variants are applied to them by their neighbours, the commonest of which are Fulah and Fulani. (Meyer, p. 28.) [↑]

[42] Francis Moore, pp. 75–7. [↑]

[43] R. E. Dennett: Nigerian Studies, pp. 12, 75. (London, 1910.) [↑]

[44] Islam and Missions, pp. 71–3. The Moslem World, pp. 296–7, 351. [↑]