Early Carriages and Roads

by Sir Walter Gilbey

CONTENTS.

	PAGE
Introduction	[1]
First Use of Wheeled Vehicles	[2]
Badness of Early Roads	[3]
Saxon Vehicles and Horse Litters	[4]
Continental Carriages in the 13th and 14th Centuries	[8]
Conveyances in Henry VI.’s Time	[11]
“Chariots” First Used on Great Occasions	[12]
First Use of Carriages: called Coaches	[13]
Coaches in France	[15]
Coaches First Used by Queen Elizabeth	[16]
Duke of Brunswick, 1588, Forbids Use of Coaches	[20]
The Stage Waggon	[21]
The Introduction of Springs	[23]
Steel Springs Introduced	[24]
The First Hackney Coaches	[26]
Excessive Number of Coaches in London	[28]
Hackney Carriages and the Thames Watermen	[30]
Hackney Carriages a Nuisance in London	[32]
Licensed Hackney Carriages	[33]
Coaches with “Boots”	[35]
Carriages in Hyde Park	[38]
Coach and Cart Racing	[40]
Regulations for Hackney Carriages	[41]
Pepys on Carriages	[43]
Glass Windows in Carriages	[45]
Improvements in Carriages	[47]
Pepys’ Private Carriage	[50]
Carriage Painting in Pepys’ Day	[52]
The First Stage Coaches	[54]
Objections Raised to Stage Coaches	[56]
Seventeenth Century High Roads	[62]
Hackney Cabs as a Source of Revenue	[66]
Manners of the Cabman	[69]
Cab-driving a Lucrative Occupation	[70]
Coaches and Roads in Queen Anne’s Time	[73]
Coaching in George I.’s and II.’s Reigns	[74]
Dean Swift on Coaches and Drivers	[76]
Roads in the 18th Century	[78]
Speed of the 18th Century Stage Coach	[80]
The Application of Springs	[84]
Outside Passengers	[87]
Roads in George III.’s Time	[88]
Improvements in Stage Coaches	[90]
The Mail Coach	[91]
Regulations for Mail and Stage Coaches	[94]
Mail Coach Parade on the King’s Birthday	[95]
The Mail Coachman and Guard	[97]
“The Road” in Winter	[100]
Passenger Fares	[102]
Difference Between Stage and Mail Coach	[102]
The “Golden Age” of Coaching	[104]
Fast Coaches	[106]
Heavy Taxation of Coaches	[111]
Early Cabs	[112]
Private and Stage Coaches, 1750-1830	[116]
Varieties of Carriage	[120]

ILLUSTRATIONS.

	PAGE
“Going to Bury Fair”	[Frontispiece]
Hammock Waggon	[5]
Horse Litter	[7]
Flight of Princess Ermengarde	[9]
Queen Elizabeth’s Travelling Coach	[17]
Hackney Coaches in London, 1637	[29]
Coach of Queen Elizabeth’s Ladies	[35]
The Machine, 1640-1700	[Face 56]
Mr. Daniel Bourn’s Roller Wheel Waggon, 1763	[79]
Travelling Posting Carriage (1), 1750	[83]
Travelling Posting Carriage (2), 1750	[85]
Portrait of Mr. John Palmer	[Face 92]
Portrait of Mr. Macadam	[104]
Royal Mail Coach	[108]
London Hackney Cab (Boulnois’ Patent)	[115]
Travelling Post, 1825-35	[Face 118]
King George IV. in His Pony Phaeton	[120]

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