The Carpathians Cudweed (Antennaria carpathica), which is also common in Switzerland, differs from the Cat’s-foot in that its flowers are brown rather than white or pink, and that it does not send out runners.
Plate XXIII.
ANTENNARIA DIOICA. GÄRTNER.
The Cat’s-Foot, Mountain Everlasting, or Mountain Cudweed. Gnaphale dioique ou Pied de Chat. Echtes Katzenpfötchen oder Mayensässblume.
The Arnica
(ARNICA MONTANA)
A bright conspicuous plant is the Arnica, with its yellow star-like flower-heads. It grows in meadows, pastures, and on sunny moors, and is widely distributed in the Alps, from the lower mountain regions up to 8000 feet. It is much less common in limestone than in other districts. Four broad green leaves grow from the root in the form of a cross. In the centre of these rises the erect flower-stalk some 8 or 9 inches long, and covered with glandular hairs. On the flower-stalk are borne the one or two pairs of leaves, without stalks, and arranged opposite to one another. The flower-heads are drooping in the bud, but when they open they are large and conspicuous and of a deep yellow colour. They give forth a faint, resinous, not very pleasing, odour. The outer or ray florets of the flower-head have long projecting strap-shaped petals. Their purpose is to attract insects to the floral society, and the less conspicuous florets in the centre of the flower-head produce just as good seeds. At first but a single flower-head is formed, but later on, if the plant is vigorous, buds appear in the axils of the opposite stem-leaves, and two more flower-heads appear. This is what has happened in the two specimens here photographed, and a second pair of buds is seen in one of them. It is interesting to note that a mould-like fungus is found constantly associated with the roots of the plant. It is believed that the two plants grow together to the mutual advantage of each, the fungus assisting the Arnica to obtain nourishment from the soil, and in return receiving from it some of the organic matter manufactured from the air with the help of light. The root has a bitter aromatic taste. From it is made the tincture of Arnica, which is often applied to bruises, apparently, however, without any very considerable influence upon them.
Several other Alpine plants, the Doronicum and Aronics, for example, have bright yellow flower-heads like the Arnica, but as no similar Alpine plant has pairs of opposite leaves on the flower-stem, the recognition of the Arnica becomes a very simple matter.
Plate XXIV.