2. Bill from forehead, .80 or more; wing, 4.00; tail, 2.50. Lower mandible as strong as the upper. Hab. Rocky Mountains of United States, and mountainous regions of Mexico … var. mexicana.
3. Bill from forehead, .60 or less; wing, 3.30; tail, 2.20. Hab. North America generally … var. americana.
L. leucoptera. Wings deep black, with two broad white bands.
1. Body and head pomegranate-red; black of scapulars nearly meeting across lower back. Hab. Northern North America; “Himalayas”; “Japan” … var. leucoptera.
2. Body, etc., cinnabar-red; back nearly wholly red. Hab. Europe … var. bifasciata.[111]
Loxia curvirostra var. americana, Baird.
RED CROSSBILL.
Curvirostra americana, Wils. Am. Orn. IV, 1811, 44, pl. xxxi, f. 1, 2.—Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 426.—Cooper & Suckley, 198.—Dall & Bannister, Tr. Ch. Ac. I, 1869, 281 (Alaska).—Cooper, Orn. Cal. 1, 148.—Samuels, 291. Loxia americana, Bon. List, 1838.—Bon. & Schlegel, Mon. Loxiens, 5, tab. vi.—Newberry, Zoöl. California and Oregon Route, P. R. R. Rep. VI, IV, 1857, 87.—Bon. & Schlegel, Mon. Lox. 5, pl. vi. Loxia curvirostra, Forster, Phil. Trans. LXII, 1772, No. 23. Aud. Biog. II, 1834, 559; V, 511, pl. cxcvii.—Ib. Birds Am. III, 1841, 186, pl. cc. "Loxia pusilla, Illiger” (Bp.). “Loxia fusca, Vieillot” (Bp.).
Sp. Char. Old male dull red (the shade differing in the specimen, sometimes brick-red, sometimes vermilion, etc.); darkest across the back; wings and tail dark blackish-brown. Young male yellowish. Female dull greenish-olive above, each feather with a dusky centre; rump and crown bright greenish-yellow. Beneath grayish; tinged, especially on the sides of the body, with greenish-yellow. Young olive above; whitish beneath, conspicuously streaked above and below with blackish. Male about 6 inches; wing, 3.30; tail, 2.25.
