Phonipara. Bill more triangular, decidedly longer than deep, much compressed; culmen only slightly curved, or perfectly straight. Colors: dull olive-green and blackish, with or without yellow about the head.
C. Wing much shorter than the tail.
a. Head crested. Prevailing color red. Bill red or whitish.
Pyrrhuloxia. Bill pyrrhuline, very short, and with the culmen greatly convex; shorter than high. Hind claw less than its digit; not much larger than the middle anterior one. Tarsus equal to the middle toe. Nest in bush or low tree; eggs white, spotted with lilac and olive.
Cardinalis. Bill coccothraustine, very large; culmen very slightly convex. Wings more rounded. Feet as in the last, except that the tarsus is longer than the middle toe. Nest in bush or low tree; eggs white, spotted with lilac and olive.
b. Head not crested. Colors black, brown, or olive, without red. Bill dusky, or bluish.
Pipilo. Bill moderate; culmen and commissure curved. Hind claw very large and strong; longer than its digit. Tarsus less than the middle toe. Nest on ground or in low bush; eggs white sprinkled with red, or pale blue with black dots and lines round larger end.
Genus CALAMOSPIZA, Bonap.
Calamospiza, Bonap. List, 1838. (Type, Fringilla bicolor, Towns.)
Corydalina, Audubon, Synopsis, 1839. (Same type.)