12535 ♂ ½ ½
Chamæpelia passerina.
This group embraces the most diminutive Doves known to naturalists. A single species is found abundantly in the southern United States; another is found in northern South America. They may be distinguished as follows:—
C. passerina. Feathers of jugulum with a dusky central spot; occiput and nape squamated with dusky. Hab. Southern Atlantic and Gulf States, whole of Mexico (including Lower California), Central America, New Granada, Venezuela, and West Indies.
C. griseola.[110] No central dusky spot to feathers of jugulum, and no scale-like markings on occiput or nape. Hab. Brazil and New Granada.
Chamæpelia passerina, Swainson.
GROUND DOVE.
Columba passerina, Linnæus, Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 285.—Latham, Ind. Orn. II, 1790, 611.—Wilson, Am. Orn. IV, 1811, 15, pl. xlvi.—Wagler, Syst. Av. Columba, No. 88.—Aud. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 471; V, 1839, 558, pl. clxxxii.—Ib. Birds Amer. V, 1842, 19, pl. cclxxxiii.—Sund. Ofv. 1869, 586 (St. Bartholemy.) Columba (Goura) passerina, Bonap. Obs. Wils. 1825, No. 181.—Nuttall, Man. I, 1832, 635. Chæmepelia passerina, Swainson, Zool. Jour. III, 1827, 358. Chamæpelia passerina, Bonap. List, 1838.—Ib. Conspectus, II, 1854, 77.—Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 311.—Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 606.—Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, 391 (Oaxaca); 1857, 205 (Xalapa); Ibis, I, 223 (Guatemala); P. Z. S. 1864, 178 (City of Mexico).—Cab. J. IV, III (Cuba).—Bryant, B. Pr. 1866 (Porto Rico).—Lawr. Ann. Lyc. IX, 134 (Costa Rica), 207 (Yucatan).—March, P. A. N. S. 1863, 302 (Jamaica).—Cooper, Orn. Cal. I, 1870, 516. Pyrgitænas passerinus, Reichenb. Handb. Taub. 13 (1861 ?), tab. 266, f. 2875–78; tab. 256, f. 1419, 1420. Chamæpelia granatina, Bonap. Consp. II, 77 (Bogota). Chamæpelia albivitta, Bonap. Consp. II, 77 (Carthagena). Chamæpelia var. pallescens, Baird, P. A. N. S. Philad. 1859 (Cape St. Lucas).—Cooper Orn. Cal. I, 1870, 517.
Sp. Char. Back, rump, exposed surface of tertials, and tail above, uniform grayish-olive; neck above and occiput tinged with bluish; forehead, sides of head, and neck, under parts generally, and lesser upper wing-coverts, light purplish-red, tinged with dusky towards the tail. Feathers of the head, neck, and fore-breast, margined with a darker shade of the ground-color; the forehead and chin, only, nearly uniform. Feathers of the breast dusky-brown in the centre, this most conspicuous on the jugulum. Under wing-coverts, axillars, and quills, brownish-orange; the latter margined externally and tipped with dusky-brown, the tertials almost entirely of this color. Middle tail-feathers like the back; the others mostly black, the outer one edged towards the tip with white. The exposed surface of the wing variously marked with blotches exhibiting black, steel-blue, and violet. Bill and feet yellow; the former tipped with brown. Female with little or none of the purplish-red. Young duller than the adult female, the feathers of upper parts with a narrow terminal bar of white. Length, 6.30; wing, 3.50; tail, 2.80.