(2) C is A.
B is C.
.'. B is A.
§ 883. The Fallacy of Non causa pro causa ([Greek: tò mè aîtion] or [Greek: aîtoin]) is another, the name of which has led to a complete misinterpretation. It consists in importing a contradiction into the discussion, and then fathering it on the position controverted. Such arguments, says Aristotle, often impose upon the users of them themselves. The instance he gives is too recondite to be of general interest.
§ 884. Lastly, the Fallacy of Many Questions ([Greek: tò tà déo èrotémata ên poieîn]) is a deceptive form of interrogation, when a single answer is demanded to what is not really a single question. In dialectical discussions the respondent was limited to a simple 'yes' or 'no'; and in this fallacy the question is so framed as that either answer would seem to imply the acceptance of a proposition which would be repudiated. The old stock instance will do as well as another—'Come now, sir, answer "yes" or "no." Have you left off beating your mother yet?' Either answer leads to an apparent admission of impiety.
A late Senior Proctor once enraged a man at a fair with this form of fallacy. The man was exhibiting a blue horse; and the distinguished stranger asked him—'With what did you paint your horse?'
EXERCISES.
These exercises should be supplemented by direct questions upon the text, which it is easy for the student or the teacher to supply for himself.
PART I.
CHAPTER I.
Classify the following words according as they are categorematic, syncategorematic or acategorematic;—
come peradventure why through inordinately pshaw therefore circumspect puss grand inasmuch stop touch sameness back cage disconsolate candle.