§ 286. As we cannot be sure which of these two relations of A to B is meant, the predicate B has to be reckoned undistributed, since a term is held to be distributed only when we know that it is used in its whole extent.
§ 287. To say 'No A is B,' however, is to say that A falls wholly outside of B, which involves the consequence that B falls wholly outside of A.
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§ 288. Let us now apply the same mode of illustration to the particular forms of proposition.
§ 289. If I be taken in the strictly particular sense, there are, from the point of view of extension, two things which may be meant when we say 'Some A is B'—
(1) That A and B are two classes which overlap one another, that is to say, have some members in common, e.g. 'Some cats are black.'
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(2) That B is wholly contained in A, which is an inverted way of saying that all B is A, e.g. 'Some animals are men.'
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§ 290. Since we cannot be sure which of these two is meant, the predicate is again reckoned undistributed.