In addition to the above, the following occasional methods of producing stamps may be registered:
1. By the use of ordinary printer's type. (Examples may be found among the earliest issues, as in the case of the first stamps of British Guiana.)
2. By photographic means. (Example—the Mafeking stamps bearing the head of Baden-Powell.)
3. By means of rubber hand-stamps. (Example—first issue of New Republic, South Africa.)
4. Embossing. (Example—the current British stamped penny and halfpenny envelopes.)
After the various styles of printing have been recognized, the specialist must study the papers used in stamp-production. The chief varieties are—
1. Wove.—This paper possesses no patterns of any kind, but under the microscope appears to have a number of porous marks. It is used for the current British stamps.
2. Granite.—A variety of wove, used fairly frequently. It may be distinguished by the short, tiny, coloured hairs which are impressed upon the paper.
3. Laid.—This paper possesses a number of parallel ribs, which can only be seen when the stamp is held up to the light.
4. Quadrilled.—A paper bearing vertical and horizontal watermark lines of a somewhat obvious character.