| [INTRODUCTION.] | |
| [I.] | |
| | PAGES |
| The Revenge of the Moors. | [3‑13] |
| Centuries of piracy, [3]—The Moslems take to the sea, [4]—African
fleets, [7]—Effects of the expulsion of the Moors from
Spain, [8]—The delights of piracy, [9]—Retaliation of the Moors,
[10]—Don Pedro Navarro, [12]—The building of the Peñon de
Alger, [13]. | |
| [II.] | |
| The Land of the Corsairs. | [14‑27] |
| The Barbary Peninsula, [14]—Command of the narrow seas, [15]—Barbary
ports and havens, [16]—Character of the country,
[20]—North-African dynasties, [21]—Relations between the rulers
of Barbary and the Christian States, [22]—Piracy discountenanced,
[24]—Christian Corsairs, [25]—Growth of sea-roving, [26]—The
coming of the Turks, [27]. | |
| [PART I.] | |
| THE CORSAIR ADMIRALS. | |
| [III.] | |
| Urūj Barbarossa. 1504-1515 | [31‑44] |
| Lesbos, [31]—Birth of Urūj and Kheyr-ed-dīn Barbarossa, [31]—Arrival
of Urūj at Tunis, [32]—Capture of Papal galleys, [35]—The
epithet Barba-rossa, [36]—Galley slaves, [39]—Jerba, [40]—Unsuccessful
siege of Bujēya, [40]—Doria besieges the Goletta of
Tunis, [43]—Second attack on Bujēya, [44]—Urūj becomes king
of Jījil, [44]. | |
| [IV.] | |
| The Taking of Algiers. 1516-1518 | [45‑52] |
| Death of Ferdinand, [45]—Algerines appeal to Urūj to deliver
them from the Spaniards, [46]—His doings at Algiers, [49]—Defeat
of a Spanish armada, [50]—Victory over the prince of
Tinnis, [50]—Great authority of Urūj, [51]—Expedition of the
Marquis de Comares, [51]—Death of Urūj Barbarossa, [52]. | |
| [V.] | |
| Kheyr-ed-dīn Barbarossa. 1518-1530 | [53‑60] |
| Departure of the Spanish troops, [53]—Character of Kheyr-ed-dīn,
[53]—Policy towards the Sultan, [54]—Is made Beglerbeg of
Algiers, [54]—Disaster to Don Hugo de Moncada, [55]—Kheyr-ed-dīn’s
cruises and his captains, [56]—“Drub-Devil” at
Majorca, [57]—Defeat of Portundo, [58]—Storming of the Peñon
de Alger, [59]—Kheyr-ed-dīn’s fleet, [59]. | |
| [VI.] | |
| The Ottoman Navy. 1470-1522 | [61‑75] |
| Rise of the Turkish navy, [61]—Rivalry of Genoa and Venice,
[62]—The fleet of Mohammed II., [65]—The Knights Hospitallers,
[66]—Ship building at Constantinople, [66]—The Battle
of Zonchio, [68]—Fall of Lepanto, [71]—Decline of Venice, [71]—Siege
of Rhodes, [73]—Kheyr-ed-dīn summoned to the Porte, [75]. | |
| [VII.] | |
| Doria and Barbarossa. 1533 | [76‑83] |
| Andrea Doria, [76]—Change of sides, [77]—The two rivals, [78]—Doria’s
conquest of Coron, [78]—Relief of Coron, [81]—Kheyr-ed-dīn
sails to Constantinople, [82]—Is made Admiral, [83]—Building
galleys, [83]. | |
| [VIII.] | |
| Tunis Taken and Lost. 1534-1535 | [84‑93] |
| Kheyr-ed-dīn ravages the coasts of Italy, [84]—Giulia Gonzaga,
[84]—The Benī Hafs of Tunis, [85]—Conquest of Tunis by
Kheyr-ed-dīn, [86]—Charles V. goes to Tunis, [86]—Defeat of
Kheyr-ed-dīn, [89]—Brutality of the Imperial troops, [90]—Joy
throughout Christendom, [91]—Kheyr-ed-dīn’s expedition to
Minorca, [93]. | |
| [IX.] | |
| The Sea-fight off Prevesa. 1537 | [94‑104] |
| Kheyr-ed-dīn and Venice, [94]—Venetian provocations, [95]—Doria
off Paxos, [95]—Kheyr-ed-dīn lays waste the Apulian
coast, [96]—Siege of Corfu by the Turks, [96]—Abandoned, [97]—A
raid among the isles of Greece, [97]—Rich prizes, [97]—Kheyr-ed-dīn
sails to combat Doria, [98]—Battle off Prevesa, [101]—Doria’s
galleasses, [102]—Hesitation of the Christians, [103]—Doria’s
seamanship and Kheyr-ed-dīn’s audacity, [104]. | |
| [X.] | |
| Barbarossa in France. 1539-1546 | [105‑111] |
| Kheyr-ed-dīn retakes Castelnuovo, [105]—Is invited by Francis
I. to come to Marseilles, [106]—Attacks Nice, [109]—Winters at
Toulon, [109]—Ransoms Dragut, [110]—Returns to Constantinople,
and dies, [111]—His tomb at Beshiktash, [111]. | |
| [XI.] | |
| Charles at Algiers. 1541 | [112‑123] |
| Barbarossa’s successors at Algiers, [112]—Charles V. resolves to
destroy piracy, [113]—The expedition to Algiers, [113]—Stormy
voyage, [114]—The Christian fleet, [114]—Landing at Algiers,
[117]—Effects of the rains, [118]—Repulse of the besiegers, [118]—Panic
in the camp allayed by the Emperor, [119]—The
Storm, [119]—Charles orders a retreat, [120]—The remnant of
the army sails away, [121]—Another tempest, [122]—Total failure
of the expedition, [123]. | |
| [XII.] | |
| Dragut Reïs. 1543-1560 | [124‑140] |
| Dragut or Torghūd the Rover, [124]—His captivity, [127]—His
lair at Jerba, [128]—The city of “Africa,” [128]—Early siege of
“Africa” by the Duke of Bourbon, [131]—Retreat, [133]—“Africa”
(Mahdīya) taken by Dragut, [133]—Retaken by Doria
and Garcia de Toledo, [134]—Dragut’s escape from Jerba, [135]—He
joins the Ottoman navy, [136]—Attack on Malta, [136]—Siege
and conquest of Tripoli, [137]—Christian fleets assemble
for recapture of Tripoli, [138]—Disaster at Jerba, [139-140]. | |
| [XIII.] | |
| The Knights of Malta. 1565 | [141‑159] |
| Activity of Maltese galleys, [141]—Fortifications of Malta, [142]—Description
of Malta, in 1565, [143]—The Turkish forces,
[144]—Jean de la Valette, [145]—Arrival of Dragut, [146]—Siege
of Fort St. Elmo, [147]—Fall of St. Elmo, [149]—Death of
Dragut, [149]—Siege of Fort St. Michael, [150]—Ten assaults,
[155]—A false alarm, [157]—Last assault, [158]—Arrival of relieving
army, [158]—The survivors of the siege, [159]. | |
| [XIV.] | |
| Lepanto. 1571 | [160‑178] |
| Results of the siege of Malta, [160]—Ochiali, [161]—The Turks
lay siege to Cyprus, [162]—Jealousies among the Christian
admirals, [163]—Cyprus occupied by the Turks, [164]—Efforts
of Pope Pius V., [164]—Don John of Austria, [167]—Muster
of the Christian fleets, [167]—The Turkish armada, [173]—Meeting
of the hostile fleets, [173]—Giovanni Doria’s tactics, [175]—Marshalling
of the Turkish array, [175]—Beginning of the
battle, [176]—The victory, [177]—Cervantes, [177]—Subsequent
career and death of Don John, [178]. | |
| [PART II.] | |
| THE PETTY PIRATES. | |
| [XV.] | |
| The General of the Galleys. 16th-18th Centuries | [181‑199] |
| The last of the great Corsairs, [181]—Ochiali, [182]—Pashas of
Algiers, [185]—Renegades succeeded by Turks, [185]—Beys of
Tunis, [186]—Blackmail levied on the Christian Powers, [186]—Deys
of Algiers, [187]—Violent deaths, [187]—Morocco, [188]—Salē
rovers, [188]—Delgarno, [188]—Chevalier Acton, [191]—Murād
Reïs, [192]—’Ali Pichinin, [194]—Defeated by Venetians,
[194]—His slaves, [195]—His theology, [199]. | |
| [XVI.] | |
| Galleys and Galley Slaves. 16th Century | [200‑225] |
| The Renegade Corsairs, [200]—Their cruises, [201]—Description
of different classes of galleys, [205]—Furttenbach’s account, [206]—Rig
and armament, [213]—Galley-oars, [214]—Sufferings of the
slaves, [215]—The boatswains, [216]—Christian galleys, [217]—Ship’s
company, [218]—Barbary galleot, [218]—Building, [219]—Strength
of Algerine fleet, [219]—Captains, [220]—Launching a
galley, [220]—The rowers and owners, [221]—Soldiers, [221]—Food,
[222]—Auguration, [222]—Time of cruising, speed, and
manoeuvre, [222-223]—Ports of refuge, [223-4]—Mode of attack,
[224]—Division of spoils, [224]—Return to port with a prize,
[225]. | |
| [XVII.] | |
| The Triumph of Sails. 17th Century | [226‑234] |
| European ship-builders in Barbary, [226]—The galley superseded
by the galleon or ship, [229]—Depredations of the Algerine
sailing-ships, [229]—Fighting a Turkish caramuzel, [231]—Raids
on Madeira, Denmark, Iceland, and Ireland, [232]—Losses of
the French, [234]. | |
| [XVIII.] | |
| The Redemption of Captives. 17th and 18th Centuries | [235‑255] |
| Slaves on shore, [235]—Dan’s account, [236]—Cruelty the exception,
[241]—Government slaves, [242]—Sale of captives, [243]—Pitiful
history of four Knights of Malta, [244]—Cervantes
in captivity, [246]—Attempts to escape, [247]—The Order of
the Redemption, [251]—Father Dan and the mission of Sanson
le Page, [252]—Arrival of the new Pasha at Algiers, [253]—The
Bastion de France, [254]—Father Comelin, [255]. | |
| [XIX.] | |
| The Abasement of Europe. 16th to 18th Centuries | [256‑273] |
| Arrogance of the Barbary States, [256]—Humiliations imposed
upon foreign envoys, [257]—Extortion of blackmail from European
Powers, [259]—Treatment of consuls, [260]—Piracy on
the high sea, [265]—Mr. Spratt’s captivity, [266]—Ransoms by
English government, [267]—Adventures of captives, [267]—Admiral
Blake at Porto Farina, [269]—False passes, [270]—Failure
of all remonstrances, [271-3]. | |
| [XX.] | |
| The United States and Tripoli. 1803-5 | [274‑291] |
| Piracy on American ships, [274]—Threats of the Pirates, [275]—Squadrons
sent to refuse tribute, [276]—Commodore Preble,
[276]—Tangiers brought to reason, [277]—The loss of the
Philadelphia, [279]—Decatur succeeds in burning her, [287]—Attack
on Tripoli, [289]—Treaty signed, [290]. | |
| [XXI.] | |
| The Battle of Algiers. 1816 | [292‑300] |
| Proceedings of the Mediterranean fleet, [292]—American
treaty with Algiers, [293]—Lord Exmouth’s expedition, [293]—His
success at Tunis, [294]—Princess Caroline, [295]—Bombardment
of Algiers, [297]—Treaty ineffectual, [299]. | |
| [XXII.] | |
| The French in Africa. 1830-1881 | [301‑310] |
| French quarrel with Algiers, [301]—Duperré’s expedition, [302]—Surrender
of Algiers and departure of the last Dey, [302]—Cruelties
in French occupation of Algiers, [303]—’Abd-el-Kādir
leads the Arabs, [305]—His victories and reverses, [306]—His
submission and exile, [306]—Subsequent French policy in
Algiers, [307]—The invasion of Tunis, [307]—Perfidy of the
French Government, [308]—A reign of terror, [309]. | |
| [Index.] | [311] |
