Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Lohman, Stanley William, 1907- The geologic story of Colorado National Monument. (Geological Survey Bulletin 1508) Bibliography: p. 131 Includes index. 1. Geology—Colorado National Monument. 2. Colorado National Monument. I. Title. II. Series: United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1508 QE75.B9 no. 1508 [QE92.C6] 557.3s [557.88′17] 80-607952
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Contents
Page [Preface] XI [History of the Monument] 1 [Early history of the region] 5 [Prehistoric people] 5 [Late arrivals] 10 [Early settlement] 10 [The Brown-Stanton river expedition] 11 [Kodel’s gold mine] 12 [Recent cave dweller] 13 [Artesian wells] 14 [Geographic setting] 16 [The geologic story begins] 17 [Ancient rocks and events] 24 [A great gap in the rock record] 26 [The age of reptiles] 27 [Early landscape] 28 [Ancient sand dunes] 29 [The rains came] 32 [Another gap in the rock record] 35 [The sea to the west] 39 [Deposits and events east of the sea] 39 [Dinosaurs roam the Monument] 47 [Dinosaurs on the move] 53 [Yet another gap in the rock record] 54 [Peat bogs] 55 [The sea covers the Plateau] 56 [The sea’s final retreat] 56 [End of the dinosaurs] 60 [The age of mammals] 61 [Early deposits and events] 63 [Lake Uinta] 63 [The mountains rise again] 64 [Nearby lava flows] 71 [Ancestral Colorado River] 72 [Piracy on the high plateaus] 72 [The age of man] 76 [The ice age] 77 [Capture of East Creek] 78 [Canyon cutting] 78 [A look into the future] 83 [How to see the Monument] 85 [Trips through and around the Monument] 88 [From Grand Junction through the Redlands to the West Entrance of the Monument] 88 [From Fruita to the West Entrance of the Monument] 96 [Through the Monument from West to East Entrances] 97 [From the East Entrance to Grand Junction] 118 [Through Glade Park from the northwest arm of Ute Canyon to Columbus Canyon] 119 [From Glade Park to Grand Junction via the Little Park Road] 121 [Résumé of geologic history and relation to other National Parks and Monuments in the Colorado Plateau] 125 [Acknowledgments] 130 [References] 131 [Additional reading] 133 [Index] 135
Figures
Page
[Frontispiece. Balanced Rock] II [a]Figure] [1. John Otto] 2 [2. John Otto’s Monument] 4 [3. Map of Colorado National Monument] 6 [4. Petroglyphs] 9 [5. Cave] 14 [6. Independence Monument] 19 [7. Rock Column of Colorado National Monument] 20 [8. Geologic Map] 22 [9. Block diagrams of early Proterozoic events] 25 [10. Petrified sand dunes] 30 [11. The Coke Ovens] 31 [12. Red Canyon] 33 [13. Thin-bedded Kayenta Formation] 34 [14. Kayenta Formation] 36 [15. Gap in the rock record] 37 [16. Entrada Sandstone] 41 [17. Moab Member of Entrada Sandstone] 42 [18. Mottled salmon-and-white Slick Rock Member] 43 [19. White Entrada Sandstone] 44 [20. Summerville Formation] 46 [21. Morrison Formation] 48 [22. Excavating type specimen of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs] 51 [23. Skeletons of typical dinosaurs of Morrison Formation] 52 [24. Burro Canyon Formation and Dakota Sandstone] 54 [25. Mount Garfield] 57 [26. Photo index map] 58 [27. Common types of rock folds] 62 [28. Common types of faults] 65 [29. Ladder Creek monocline and Redlands fault] 66 [30. Lizard Canyon monocline] 67 [31. Kodels Canyon fault] 68 [32. Kodels Canyon fault] 69 [33. Geologic structures at Fruita entrance to Colorado National Monument] 70 [34. Probable drainage patterns and land forms near the Monument at four successive stages of development] 74 [35. Fallen Rock] 81 [36. Unaweep Canyon] 82 [37. Redlands fault] 89 [38. Closeup of updragged Wingate Sandstone along Redlands fault] 90 [39. Bronze plaque and monument marking the discovery of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs] 91 [40. Reverse part of Redlands fault] 92 [41. Northwest end of Redlands fault] 93 [42. Looking west into Monument Canyon] 94 [43. Looking west from divide on Broadway 2 miles east of West Entrance to Monument] 95 [44. New fill on Rim Rock Drive between two tunnels on west side of Fruita Canyon] 98 [45. Fruita Canyon] 100 [46. Campsites at north end of campground] 101 [47. Picnic area and parking lot] 102 [48. Window Rock] 103 [49. Pipe Organ] 104 [50. Visitor Center and the Saddlehorn] 106 [51. Independence Monument] 107 [52. Ute Canyon] 110 [53. Cold Shivers Point] 112 [54. Top of old Serpents Trail] 113 [55. Looking northeast from old Serpents Trail] 114 [56. South portal of tunnel through Wingate Sandstone] 115 [57. Devils Kitchen] 117 [58. Glade Park fault viewed from the ground] 122 [59. Glade Park fault viewed from the air] 123 [60. Ladder Creek monocline and Redlands fault] 124 [61. Geologic time spiral] 126