The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: a compendium prepared by officers of the Sudan government, Vol. 1 (of 2)

by Sudan. Wizarat al-Naql wa-al-Muwasalat

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LIST OF TRIBES AND SHEIKHS. (For Tribes in the Bahr El Ghazal Province, vide [Chap. VII.])

Tribe.	Head Sheikh.	Habitat.	Remarks.
BerberProvince. Population 83,000 (1904).
Ababda (Bilhush)	Abdel Azim Bey Wad Khalifa and MohammedNura.	Abu Hamed, Ban Nagaa, and Segadi		Branch of the Ababda in Egyptianterritory. Poor and unimportant.
Arteiga	Abu Fatma Wad Omar	Adarama		Nomads. Unimportant tribe.
Bisharin, Um Ali	No Nazir	Atbai		Sub-divided into Aliab, Shantirab, Amrab,and Hamadorab. Nomad Arabs, owners of camels, sheep, and goats; doa little cultivation.
„ Um Nagi	Karar Ahmed	R. Atbara, between Adarama and its mouth.Also in the Southern Atbai.		Sub-divided into Hanr, Nafab, Mansurab,Hamdab, Ariab, (Negemab, Kurbab, and Bilanib). Nomads asabove.
Fadnia (east)	Ahmed El Haj Taher	Um Hatab		Nomads. Owners of camels, cattle, andsheep, etc.
„ (west)	Abbas Shedid	Goz Naim		Mostly sedentary and cultivators withsagias.
				This tribe claims descent from Imam Ali,cousin of the Prophet, and therefore belong to the Alluia. They nowconsider themselves Jaalin.
Hāmak	Abdalla Wad El Aila	Near Berber		Very few. Nomads; originally belonging tothe Bisharin.
Hassania	Omar Idris El Fazari	Upper part of basin of Wadi Bayuda, andwhole of basin of Wadi Abu Dom. J. Gilif and J. Jakdul, Abu Tleh,and at times west bank of Nile, Metemma to Berber.		A large and important nomad tribe. Pay£250 tribute (1903). Owners of a few camels and cattle, but chieflyowners of sheep and goats. Small cultivators on rainland. Claim tobe descended from Zubeir Ibn El Awam (Zubeir’s mother was aunt ofthe Prophet) and therefore from the Beni Hashim tribe.
Jaalin	Hamad Suleiman Osman (nomads)	Debbaghat—El Hawad—Kabushia, etc. Bothbanks of the Nile from Metemma to the junction of the Atbara.		Nomads and sedentary. Formerly a largeand powerful tribe; now much reduced in wealth and numbers by theDervishes.
	Ibrahim Wad Ferah (sedentary)			Cultivators by sagias. Owners of sheepand goats. The Jaalin say they are descended from Abbas, uncle ofthe Prophet, and therefore belong to the Abbasia tribe.
Khawawir	Gar El Nabi Kador	Abu Safār		Nomads. Owners of camels, sheep andgoats.
Kimilab	Suleiman Hamad Salem	Shigla and El Nebis		This tribe was one of the first to settleon the Atbara, and fought the Bisharin who arrived later from theAtbai. They have now lost their pristine power and importance.
Monasir	Osman Suleiman Wad Gamr	Dar Monasir; left bank of Nile, south andsouth-west of Abu Hamed at Sani.		Mostly sedentary Arabs. Poor tribe livingin a poor country.
Nefeidab	Ali Wad Sebib	Atbara		Of tribes now on Atbara theNefeidab and Abdel Kerimab were the first to settle there. Formerlyowned right bank from Goz Regeb-El Kian. Now very few.
	Mohammed Abu Abda.
Rasheida	Abdalla Mubarak	Atbara and Gash		Nomads. Came from Arabia in 1846. TheDervish Emir Abu Girga, during the Mahdia, is said to have killed75 men of this tribe and captured 1,700 of their camels. They thentook refuge at Massaua and returned to the Sudan after the fall ofOmdurman. Part of this tribe live near Agik in SuakinProvince.
Robatab	Habiballa Abdel Majid	Both banks of the Nile from about the 5thCataract to a little below Abu Hamed.		Sedentary. Cultivators. Poor.
Shaigia, Onia (east)	Abdel Rahman Zayad	Goz El Basabir. Also east bank south ofMetemma.		Chiefly nomads. Owners of camels, sheep,and goats.
„ Onia (west)	Naim El Fiki Mohammed Kheir	Nasri Island and west bank.
„ Sauarab	Nasr El Meki	Wad Ban Naga		Nomads. Major part of thistribe lives in Dongola Province. Not a large tribe.
DongolaProvince.[245] Population 127,000 (1904).
Gararish	El Ata Abdalla	Right bank Nile between Kerma andDebba.		Nomads. Small and unimportant tribe.Owners of camels, sheep, and goats. Pay £E47 tribute.
Hawawir	Hassan Khalifa	Bayuda Desert between Korti, Debba, andGabra.		Nomads. Large tribe owning camels, sheep,and goats. Pay £E480 tribute (1903). Head Sheikh lives atKorti.
Kababish, Omatto	Fadi El Mula Wad Rekha	Wadi El Gab and south to Ein Hamed andGabra.		Nomads. Owners of camels, sheep, andgoats. Pay £E235 tribute.
„ Dar Hamed	Isawi Salem	Wadi El Gab and south to Ein Hamed andGabra.		Nomads. Owners of camels, sheep, andgoats. Pay £E25 tribute. Head Sheikh lives at Dongola.
Shaigia (Sauarab)	Ibrahim Wad El Kheir	Debba to Merowe and BirBayuda		Nomads. Not an importanttribe; it is under Sheikh Hassan Khalifa of the Hawawir.
Gezira (BlueNile) Province.[246] Population 132,000(1904)
Agaliin[247]	Mohammed El Fiki Ahmed	Right bank White Nile, Gezira Um Garf,between Kalakla and Um Arda. In rains at Fatjuba and El Arak.		Sedentary. Not a large tribe butmoderately wealthy. Owners of cattle and sheep; cultivators.
Ahamda	Mohammed Kheiralla Ali Abu Zaman.	Eastern part of Kamlin district.Mesellemia district.		Sedentary. Rich in cattle. Number about250 males. Comfortably off.
Alkamab	Abdel Bagi Ghabashi	Mesellemia district		Sedentary. Fairly well off.
Arakiin	Yusef Fadl El Mula	El Kreimet (Managil)		Sedentary. This section is neithernumerous nor wealthy.
	Ibrahim Ahmed El Natifa[247]	Maatuk (Kawa)		Sedentary. Numerous and well off; chieflycultivators.
Aramab[247]	Idris El Kinen and Mohammed Abu ElHassan.	Scattered on right bank White Nilebetween J. Breima and Geteina. In rains inland at Mikheirif ElKheiran, Kitra, and Abdel Magid.		Sedentary. Large tribe and very wealthy.During Mahdia and up to 1902 Mohammed Abu El Hassan was Nazir. Itis now split into two sections.
Arawab[247]	Magbul Ahmed Jar El Nebi	Scattered on right and left banks ofWhite Nile from J. Auli to El Mohammedia and inland at Garada,Hashaba, Malaga.		Sedentary. A large and very wealthytribe; chiefly cultivators.
Awamra[247]	Ahmed Idris El Fadl	Interior of Gezira, east of J. Auli, andon left bank of White Nile near Um Rummat.		Sedentary. Large and moderately wealthytribe.
Batahin	Ali Abudi	Um Daka (Managil)		Sedentary. Few and poor.
	Mohammed Zein Shakhib	Mesellemia district		Nomads. Poor; have a few camels.
	Mohammed Talha	Abu Deleig district		Nomads. Large tribe, rich in cattle, alsoowners of camels.
Bija[247]	Abdel Gader Ibrahim	Right bank of White Nile, Gezira Um Garf,and inland at Wazra.		Sedentary. A section of the Agaliin; few,but well off.
Dabassiin	Rahmatalla Kheir El Sid	Gab El Gedad, El Dabiba, etc.		Sedentary. About 260 males in tribe.Cultivators.
Danagila	Ahmed El Niama	Mesellemia district		Sedentary. Small tribe, but welloff.
	Mohammed Osman Abdel Rahman[247]	Geteina		Sedentary. Small tribe, but welloff.
Dar Mahareb[247]	Ahmed Mohammed Abu Afsh	Scattered on right and left banks ofWhite Nile from Hagar El Asalai to Jebelein.		Nomads. Divided into many branches; allfairly well off.
Diwa[247]	Ali Babikr	Aba Island (Kawa)		Sedentary. Very small tribe.
Eseilat	Mohammed El Haj Saad	Eseilat (Kamlin)		Sedentary Arabs. About 360 males.Cultivators.
Fardiin	Ahmed El Taif	Managil and Um Talha		Sedentary. Very small tribe, butwealthy.
Fung	Mohammed El Rih Guma	Dar Nail, Wad Odun (Managil)		Sedentary. Very small tribe, butwealthy.
Gemmuiya[247]	Nasr Ibrahim El Mek	Left bank of White Nile, between Omdurmanand Jebel Mandara.		Sedentary. Large tribe and well off.Cattle and sheep owners.
Halawin	Abdalla Wad Musaid	Mesellemia		Sedentary. Excellent cultivators.
Hassanab[247]	Abdalla Suleiman	Arak and Gezira, Um Garf (Geteina)		Sedentary. Very poor cultivators.
Hassania	Ali Wad Yusef	Mahriba (Kamlin)		Sedentary. Small section.
	Idris Habbani, Musellim Magbul, and AliMusa El Bida.[247]	Scattered on right and left bank of WhiteNile from Geteina to Dueim; also inland near eastern boundary ofGeteina district.		Sedentary. Related to the BerberHassania. A very large and very wealthy tribe. Idris was Sheikh ofwhole tribe during Mahdia, but it is now divided into threesections. Owners of cattle, sheep, and goats.
Hussanatt[247]	Ali Awadalla	Umat Shaar, Sharafat, J. Maturi(Kawa).		Sedentary. Large and wealthy tribe.Owners of cattle, goats, and few camels.
	Ahmed Sogheirun	Scattered on right and left banks ofWhite Nile between Wad Belal and Geteina.		Sedentary. Large and wealthy tribe.Owners of cattle, goats, and few camels.
Kawahla	Imam Ali Ibrahim El Bedawi	Abud, El Walia, and Kadibat(Managil).		Nomad and sedentary. Largest andwealthiest tribe in Managil district. Owners of camels and cattle.Good lighting men.
Lahawin[247]	Saleh Yagub El Imam	Um Hagar, Wad Badri (Kawa)		Sedentary. Not well off.
Mesellemia	Mohammed Gamal El Din[247]	Um Shedida (Kawa)		Sedentary.
	Awad El Bari Mohammed	Wad El Meslami (Managil)		Sedentary. Few and poor.
	Abbas Mohammed Badr (Sheikh ElObeid).	East of Kamlin district		Nomad and sedentary. Rich in cattle.Number about 500 males.
Mogharba	Mohammed Osman	El Abdanab, Wad El Zein (Managil)		Sedentary. Few and well off.
	Mubarak El Gezuli[247]	Um Sunta (Kawa)		Sedentary. Few and well off.
Mohammedia[247]	Abdalla Idris El Kereil	Scattered on right and left banks ofWhite Nile between Hellet Wad El Kereil and J. Breima. In rainsinland at Um Sidra.		Sedentary. Large and wealthy tribe.Owners of camels, cattle, and sheep.
Nefeidia	El Melik Rahma	Abu Siwa (Managil)		Nomad and sedentary. Large and wealthytribe.
Nurab[247]	Saleh Wad El Imam	Shawal (Kawa)		Sedentary.
Rufaa	Shai El Nur Tai El Din	El Azazi and Shukheir (Managil)		Sedentary. Few, but well off.
Shaigia	Ahmed Wad El Awad	Wad Kunjari (Managil)		Sedentary. Few, but rich.
	El Gazuli Omar[247]	Tura El Khadra (Geteina)		Sedentary. Few, and very poor.
Shenabla	Musaid Mohammed	Mesellemia district		Sedentary.
Shukria	Abdalla Awad El Kerim Abu Sin.	Rufaa district		Nomads and sedentary. Numerous, but nowpoor tribe.
„ Gadurab	El Zubeir El Nur	Eastern part of Kamlindistrict		Nomads and sedentary. Rich incattle. Number about 230 men.
Kassala Province.Population 74,700 (1904).
Beni Amer	Mohammed Osman (Wakil YagubMohammed).	Debeloeid		Nomads. This is only a small branch ofthe large tribe living in Eritrea. Pay £E150 tribute.
Debania	Awad El Kerim Wad Zaid (Wakil MustafaBakr Wad El Sultan).	Gedaref, Asar, Shasheina, Abu Gelud,Sofi, etc.		Sedentary Arabs. The Debania tribe arenow very poor and reduced in numbers. Sheikh Awad Wad Zaid is alsohead of all the Forawis and blacks under Mustafa Bakr.
Hadendoa	Sheikh Idris Gadi (Nazir)[249]	Kassala		The Hadendoa under theGovernor of Kassala pay £E480 tribute (1904). Their principalgrazing grounds are the right bank of the Atbara and the Gash,north of Kassala. Both these districts, however, are subject toinvasions of the Suakin Arabs. Filik, on the Gash, used to be andis now to a lesser extent a great centre of the Hadendoa tribe. TheHadendoa are nomads and own large numbers of camels sheep, andgoats, also cattle. They do a little cultivating. They speak aRotana similar to that of the Beni Amer and Bisharin, etc., whichis said to be allied to that spoken by the Somalis. They usuallycarry very neatly made spears with shafts about 5 feet long boundat intervals with silver or brass wire, also circular shields about2 feet 6 inches in circumference made of hippo, buffalo, or giraffehide. Like the Bisharin, Beni Amer, Kababish, etc., they wear theirhair in the well-known “fuzzy-wuzzy” style. The Wililiab are theleading family of the Hadendoa tribe.
„ El Berinab	Minni and Onur Ali, Mohammed AhmedAbbas.	Adarghayai.
„ „	Ahmed Belal	Maman.
„ Gemilab (Taulil)	Omar Lalai	Maman.
„ Haikolab	Mohammed El Hag	Tebilol.
„ „ (Odi)	Ahmed Wakili	Odi.
„ Kalulei	Ali El Hadab	Atbara.
„ Gism El Gash	Mustafa Hamed	Temitatei.
„ Shebodinab (Kokreb.)	Hammad Musa	Tendera.
„ Shebodinab (El Bahr.)	Hamed Isa	Atbara north of Goz Regeb.
Halenga	Jaafar Ali	Kassala		Sedentary Arabs. Cultivators.
Hamran Arabs	Omar Burbur	Setit		Sedentary Arabs. Very few and poor, butnearly all own horses. Omar Burbur is under Awad El Kerim WadZaid.
Shukria, Butana Section	Ali Awad El Kerim Abu Sin, called also“Ali El Had.”	Butana, Rera, El Sofeiya, Um Rueishid,Gileita, etc.		Nomads. Cultivators and graziers.Formerly owned many camels, now possess very few. Some of theLahawin, Kawahla, and Batahin live in the Butana under “Ali ElHad.” Pay £E450 tribute.
„ Atbara Section	Amara Mohammed Hammad Abu Sin.	River Atbara between K. Kutut and RametGaied.		The Lahawin (a White Nile camel-owningtribe), some of the Awaida, Kawahla, and Mogharba, also live on theAtbara under Amara Abu Sin. Pay £E325 tribute.
„ Gedaref Section	Hammad Abu Sin	Gedaref, Wad Kabu, Beila, Rahad, GalaatArang, etc.		Sedentary. Chiefly cultivators. There aremore than 220 villages in the Gedaref district.
Takarir	Sheraf Mohammed Abdalla	Gallabat and district		Shiekh Sheraf is head of allthe Gallabat district, the people of which are chiefly Takruris,Forawis, Kunjara, etc.
KhartoumProvince.[248] Population 81,000 (1904).
Ahamda	Mohammed El Ata	Geili		Sedentary. Small tribe. VideBlue Nile Province.
Batahin (Ashama)	Mohammed Talha Abdel Bagi	Geili-Elwan		Sedentary. Cultivators. Camel and sheepowners. Vide Gezira Province.
Butukab	Mohammed Talha Abdel Bagi	Geili-Elwan		Sedentary. Cultivators. Camel and sheepowners. Vide Gezira Province.
Ereikat	Jadalla Isa	Omdurman and Khartoum		Belong to Darfur. Like the Taaisha andHabbania are now poor and earn their living as best they can inKhartoum and Omdurman, or cultivate in Gezira.
Geriat	Mohammed Kirsha	Gaerin—Wadi Mogaddam		Nomads. Small tribe.
Habbania	Mahmud Abu Saad	Omdurman and Khartoum		Belong to Darfur. Many are employed byWorks Department, etc., at Khartoum.
Hassanab	Hassan Meki	Wad Hassuna		Vide Gezira.
Hassania	Awad El Kerim Suleiman Kasir	Wad Hassuna, Wadi Tibna, West Bishara,and north of Gabra.		Majority belong to White NileProvince.
Mashaikha	El Taib Abdel Salam	Um Dom, Karkoj, etc.
Mogharba (nomad)	Hassan Hamad El Deisis	Wad Ramla district		Vide Gezira Province.
„ (sedentary)	El Taib Abdel Salam	Melaha, etc.
Taaisha	Mahmud Abu Saad (of Habbania)	Omdurman, Khartoum, and scattered inGezira.		Belong to Darfur. Vide alsoEreikat.
Zeiadia	Jadalla Isa	Omdurman, Khartoum, andscattered in Gezira.		Belong to Darfur.Vide also Ereikat.
KordofanProvince. Population 550,000 (1904).
Agrab Nahud	Mustafa Ibrahim Abu Renat	Nahud		Sedentary.
Ahamda[250]	Abdel Rahim Taha	Dar El Ahamda		Very poor. Sedentary Arabs.
Aulad Hameid	Didan El Dervish	South of Dar El Ahamda		Baggara. Nomads. Poor and nowunimportant. Pay £E60 tribute.
Bederia	Abdel Samad Abu Safia	Birket Sungikai and Abu Haraz		Large sedentary tribe. Pay£E400 tribute (1903). Good fighting men.
	Ebeid El Hag	El Obeid.
Beni Jerar[250]	Ahmed Mohammed Nubawi	Helba and Homra		Nomads. Large tribe. Pay about £E130tribute. Camel and sheep owners. Good fighters.
Feraha	Omar Wad Gash	Khor Kheiran		Unimportant tribe.
Ghodiat	Ibrahim Baggara	Rahad		Unimportant tribe.
Gimma[250]	Ahmed El Bedawi Asaker	Gedid		Sedentary Arabs. Important tribe. Goodhorsemen. Cultivators and gum collectors.
Gowama	Yasin Yusef	Between El Obeid and Dueim		Large sedentary Arab tribe.Cultivators and collectors of gum, and owners of sheep, goats,etc.
	Adam Maznuk	Rahad.
„ (Nahud)	Bokhari Ali	Nahud.
Habbania	El Tom Audun	Sherkeila and Ageila		Sedentary Baggara Arabs. Not numerous.Branch of the Habbania of Darfur.
Hamar, Asaker	Ismail Mohammed El Sheikh	Nahud to Foga		Large and important Arabtribe. Camel owners and cultivators. Pay £E1,200 tribute (1903).Partly sedentary and partly nomad. Good fighting men.
„ Degegin	Hamid Bey Fatin.
„ Gherasia	Abdel Rahim Bey Abu Dagal.
Hawazma, Abdel Ali				A large and powerful Baggaranomad Arab tribe, scattered over the plains amongst the Nuba hills.Own many horses, cattle, sheep, etc. Pay about £E800 tribute(1903).
„ Dar Beti	Hamed Asosa	Sungikai, Nila, and Dilling.
„ Walad Ghabush.
„ Dar Gawad	Gad El Kerim.
„ Khalifa	Nur Hanur	J. Kadero to J. Gedir.
	Toto Mahub.
	Bedawi Gadum.
	Hamad Abu Shilluk.
„ Rowauga	Soma Lua	J. El Joghub and south.
	Mohammed Bahlul.
	Shein Tobein.
Homr	Ali Gula (Nazir)			Large and comparatively richBaggara tribe, owning cattle and horses. At present (1903) pay£E450 tribute.
„ Ageira Walad Omram	Mohammed Khadam	Muglad.
„ Ageira Walad Kamil	Masaud Iris	Muglad to Bahr El Arab.
„ Felaita	El Hag Wad Yagub	Keilak and Abiad Lakes.
Kababish	Ali Tom	Kagmar and north		Large nomad Arab tribe owning camels,sheep, etc. Pay £E850 tribute. Another branch lives in DongolaProvince.
Kaja (Serrug)	Ibrahim Gurud	Kaja		Sedentary tribe. Poor; robbers.
Kawahla	Abdalla Wad Gadalla	North-west of Bara		Large nomad Arab tribe,owning many camels. Pay £E1,000 tribute (1903).
	Badai Bakr	Dar Nuba.
Maagla	Beshir Dau El Beit	El Gleit.
Maalia	Abdalla Hanatir	El Mazrub		The bulk of this tribe belongs to Darfur.Pay £E60 tribute.
Maganin	Mohammed Ali El Akheida	Dar Hamid		Sedentary Arabs, living in Dar Hamid. Pay£E150 tribute.
Messeria	Mohammed El Fagir El Gaburi (Nazir).	Dar Messeria (east and south-east of ElEddaiya).		A large and powerfulBaggara tribe, owning large numbers of cattle and horses. Pay £E800tribute.
„ Un Selim.
„ El Ghazaya	Bigada Abu Edena	Dar Messeria (east and south-east of ElEddaiya).
„ El Derai	Nasr Mahil	Dar Messeria (east and south-east of ElEddaiya).
„ El Enenat	Zakharia Adam	Dar Messeria (east and south-east of ElEddaiya).
„ Aulad Abu Naaman	Omar Ahmed	Dar Messeria (east and south-east of ElEddaiya).
„ El Terg	Ahmed Nurein	Dar Messeria (east and south-east of ElEddaiya).
„ Aulad Haibun	Gebero Khalil	Dar Messeria (east and south-east of ElEddaiya).
Shanabla	Manhil Kheiralla	Between Um Dam and Dueim		Nomads. Camel and sheep owners. Pay £E400tribute.
Shankhab[250]	Gubara Wad Geifun	Left bank of White Nilebetween Kawa and Goz Abu Guma.		More or less nomadic. Owncattle and sheep. Cultivate and collect gum.

Some Nuba Mountains and their Meks.

Mountain.	Mek.	Remarks.
Daier	Abu Zeida, etc.	All these Meks own toa varying number of rifles, with which they have been wont to fighteach other, and which have hitherto been indispensable for defenceagainst the raids of the Baggara Arabs of the surroundingplains.
Dilling	Isa El Deif.
Eliri	Rizgalla Eluan (Hawazma Mowallad).
	Abdalla Kaka (Kawahla Mowallad).
Garada	El Fiki Fadl Zubeir.
Gedir	Bosh Dau El Beit.
Gulfan	El Ebeid El Nima.	Experience so farshows that neighbouring mountains will not support each other incombined opposition to the Government, but that rather almost anymountain is prepared to assist in the attack of any other.
El Joghub	Rahal Andal.
Kadero	Gader Bey Ibrahim.
Kawalib	Nasr Wad El Maksur.
Kowarma	Orlandi and Kafi.
Krongo	Kobang.
Miri	Hamed Abu Sikin.	The Nuba mountainspay about £E1,000 per annum tribute (1903).
Niyima	Sultan Arauga.
Rashad	Mohammed Zeibak.
Saburi	Kafi Hamed.
Sema	Gura Harun.
Shat	Daldum Taib.
Shuwei	Nasr Hamed.
Tagale	Geili Adam.
Tagoi	Mohammed Gedeil	At enmity with Mek Zeibak of Rashad.
Talodi	Sherif Am Omo (Homr Mowallad).
Teisr	Toto Kilia.
Tira El Akhdar	Ti Wad Ardila.
Tira Mandi	Newi Omba.

LIST OF TRIBES AND SHEIKHS (continued).

Tribe.	Head Sheikh.	Habitat.	Remarks.
SennarProvince.[251] (Population 117,000 (1904).
Agaliin	Mohammed Ahmed Abu Duma	Right bank of Blue Nile between Karkoj,Badus, and Khor Agaliin (K. Undul).		Partly nomads and partly sedentary. Poorand not numerous. Nomad portion graziers and breeders of camels,sheep, etc., and a few cattle.
				Sedentary, cultivators. Weapons: spearsand swords.
Arakiin	Mohammed Wad El Tom	Wad Medani and Arakiin Khor, in theMedani district.		Sedentary. Cultivators and breeders ofsheep and goats. Poor and not numerous; indifferent fighters.
Burun	Idris Wad Regab	Jebel Gule, Surkum, and south		A black race somewhat resembling theNuers, but not warlike like them. Spears and bows and arrows.
Dar Ageil	„ „ „	Northern portion, Dar Fung		Nomads. Breeders of cattle, sheep, andhorses. Small tribe.
Fung	„ „ „	Jebel Gule, etc.		Sedentary. Cultivators onsmall scale. Poor and not very numerous. Good fighters, about 150rifles, also swords and spears. Breeders of sheep, goats, and a fewcattle.
Hameg	„ „ „	J. Gerebin, Roro, and south.
„	Ahmed Abu Shotal	Roseires and vicinity, both banks of BlueNile.		Sedentary. Cultivators and breeders ofsheep, and goats. Neither wealthy nor numerous. Good fighters.Spears and swords.
Ingassana	Mohammed Ahmed El Fungiawi	J. Tabi and district.		Blacks. Armed with sickle-shapedswords.
Jaalin	Saad El Shafii, Medani Ahmed, MohammedMahmud Agamia, Omar Mohammed.	Wad Medani, Senga, Karkoj		Sedentary. Cultivators and breeders ofcattle, sheep, and goats. Wealthy and numerous. Good fighters.Spears and swords.
Jebelawiin	Regab Hussein	Fazogli and Khor Tumat		Sedentary. Cultivators and breeders ofsheep and goats. Fairly wealthy. Not numerous; fair fighters. 150rifles, some spears and swords.
Kawahla	Yusef Mohammed Wad Ais	Wad Medani on east bank of Blue Nile;also near Sennar.		Nomads. Poor, and are small section ofthe big tribe in Kordofan; breeders of camels, sheep, and goats.Fair fighters. Nomads are graziers. Spears and swords.
	Abdalla Shah El Din	Wad Medani and Kawahla Khot in Medanidistrict.		Sedentary. Cultivators and breeders ofsheep and goats. Poor and not numerous. Indifferent fighters.
Kenana, Abu Rihan	Hamed Abdalla Wad Gales	Wad Medani, between Rahad and Blue Nile.In rains move to El Butana.		Nomads. Small tribe. During the rainsthese nomads move into Kassala Province. Wealthy. Breeders ofcamels, cattle, and sheep, etc. Graziers, good fighters. Spears andswords. Pay £E270 tribute (1903).
„ Kawatil	Vacant	Senga district, in the Kenana Khot;during winter and spring move as far south as Roseires; in rainspartly to Segadi.		Partly sedentary (Abu Rihan), but ownmore cattle and less camels. A few horses; these are on theincrease. During the rains the nomad section moves to Segadi. Pay£E160 tribute.
„ El Siragia	Abd El Nabi Doheish	East bank of Blue Nile. Move to El Butanaduring rains.		Nomads. A few horses. Pay £E230 tribute(1903).
El Khawalda	Mohammed Wad El Dau	Wad Medani and Khawalda Khot, in WadMedani district.		Sedentary. Cultivators and breeders ofsheep and goats. Indifferent fighters. Numerous and wealthy. A fewspears and swords.
Rufaa El Hoi	Vacant	Left bank of Blue Nile, between Gesheishand El Disa.		Mostly nomads. Some sedentary. (Same asAgaliin.) Pay about £E100 tribute.
Rufaa El Sharg	El Agab Abu Gin	R. Dinder		Partly nomads, partlysedentary. Wealthy and numerous. The nomad portion are breeders andgraziers of camels, sheep, and goats. The sedentary portion arecultivators with few cattle. Spears and swords; fair fighters.During the rains a certain number move into Kassala Province. Pay£E200 tribute.
SuakinProvince.[252] Population 60,000 (1904); withoutNomads, 14,000.
Amarar, Fadlab	None appointed	Dissibil and Akarbei		The Amarar are a large and comparativelywealthy nomad tribe about whom, however, little is known atpresent. Their tribute was assessed at £E1,100 (1903). Hamed Beywas formerly Nazir, but is now so no longer. He is in receipt ofmonthly pension (£4) for his past loyalty to Government. There isat present (1904) no Nazir of this tribe.
„ Abdel Rahmanab	Onur Ali Lebab	Wadi Amur and Agent.
„ Kilab and Aliab	Mohammed Dobalob	Hadai and Wadi Amur		Another branch “Minniab” live on Atbaraunder Musa Adlan.
„ Kurbab (Hawan)	Mohammed Ali Hamed	Selalat and K. Haieit.
„ „ (Wagadab)	Hassan Bufori	J. Girba and K. Asser.
„ Nurab	Abu Fatma Hassab	Abdalla Rai, Tokar		Ali Adam, formerly Sheikh, is in receiptof monthly pension (£2) for past good services.
„ Musaiab	Ahmed Bakash	Ariab, Amur, etc.
„ Sandarait	Mohammed Gwali Or	Sotriba and Bawati		Gwali Or was the last Amarar Sheikh toacknowledge Government.
Arteiga	Badani Rashid	Tokar		Cultivate near Tokar.
Ashraf	O’Sheikh Walad Koi	Ambakta, Tantik, and Tokar.
Beni Amer	Mohammed Osman Hamed (Nazir)	Khor Haieit, Karora, Agik, and Tokar		Mohammed Osman lives at Kassala—SalehIdris is his Wakil at Suakin. The Suakin Beni Amer pay £350 tribute(1903).
Habab	Mahmud Kantibai	Adwan and Tokar		Came from Eritrea where greater part oftribe is still.
Hadendoa (Amerab)	Said El Hassan (Nazir)[253]	Sinkat		The Hadendoa are a powerful nomad tribeowning many camels, sheep and goats, and few cattle. They live,roughly speaking, between Suakin, Goz Regeb, and Kassala. Like theBisharin, Beni Amer, etc., they speak a Rotana said to be allied tothat of the Somalis. Vide also Kassala. The SuakinHadendoa pay £E600 tribute (1903).
„ (Bishariab)	Mohammed Adam Halgo	Hadarbab and Tebilol.
„ (Garieb)	Ismail Abu Aisha	Sidate, Dirbob, and K. Abent.
„ (Gemilab)	Abu Bakr Ahmed El Amin	Warriba, Dageint, Shaba, K. Osir, andSiterab.		A large sub-tribe, divided into two mainbranches “Hararwab” and “Taulil,” former belong to Suakin, latterto Kassala. Hararwab section pay £120 tribute (1903).
„ (Hamdab)	Abdel Gader Hamed Dau	Wadi Amur, K. Arab, Kokreb, andHareitri.		Cultivate a good deal of dura. Pay £150tribute (1903).
„ (Samarar — Abdel — Aar).	El Amin Mohammed Hamagab	Warateb.
„ (Samarar — Farag — aliab).	Musa Mohammed Ali	Khor Baraka		Part graze on Gash in autumn, partcultivate near Tokar.
„ (Sharaab)	Omar Tita	Erkowit		Visit the Gash for grazing in theautumn.
Kemilab	Mohammed Abdel Gader	Tokar and Durur		Most go to Gash for grazing in autumn,rest cultivate near Tokar.
Shaiab	Mohammed Musa Adam	Tokar and K. Langeb		Cultivate near Tokar. Pay £E150tribute.
Rasheida	Marshud Saleh	Atbara		In 1900 Marshud’s father,formerly Sheikh of this tribe, was imprisoned for slave-dealing andwas subsequently expelled from the Sudan. Vide also tribesof Berber Province.
Upper NileProvince.[254] Population 150,000 (?).
Agiba	Nadgweir	R. Gnatila and Agwei (Upper Pibor).		Visited for first time in September,1904.
Aliab	Anok	Left bank of Bahr El Jebel from a littlenorth of 5° 30′ to a little north of Bor.		Said to be a distinct tribe, neitherBaris nor Dinkas, but with characteristics of both. Rich in cattleand grain. Visited for first time in April, 1904.
Anuak[255] (Sobat)	Aiwil Agwot	Fatiwangyang; right bank of Sobat		A poor feeble tribe muchdown-trodden by the Nuers. Most of the Anuaks are under Abyssinia.The Sudan Anuaks appear to have lost their individuality and tohave become more or less absorbed by the Nuers.
„ (Pibor)	Okani or Okwai	Shian Okan
„ (Baro)	Geilo[255]	Itang		These Anuaks are friendly andindustrious.
Bari	Lowala (right bank), Leggi (rightbank).	Both banks of Bahr El Jebelfrom north latitude 6°, to Gondokoro and south.		Friendly but poor. Governmentnot yet much in touch with any except those near Mongalla.Cultivate a good deal of dura.
	Lado (right bank), Lado Kanga (rightbank).
	Mudi (left bank).
Beri or Beir (north)	Lom	About 60 miles inland from Bor (?)		Government has not yet visited thisbranch of the tribe (1904). Dinkas of Bor much afraid of Lom.
„ (south)	Alikori	J. Lafol, 47 miles east-south-east fromMongalla.		Friendly to Government. Visited byCaptain W. N. Borton, May, 1904.
Dinka (White Nile)				The Dinkas are cattle-ownersprincipally, but cultivate as a rule little more than is sufficientfor their own needs. They have no head Sheikh, but each section isindependent. Their characteristics and language vary considerably,according to the locality they inhabit. The only sections withwhich the Government is now (1904) really in touch are those livingon the White Nile. A census of these sections was made in February,1903, and their number was then estimated at 7,300 men, women, andchildren, possessing 8,000 cattle, 16,000 sheep, and 13,000 goats,on which their taxes are assessed at about £800.
„ Bowom	Yol Wad Kur	Right bank of White Nile at and nearRenk.
„ Akon	Bakhit Niok	Right bank of White Nile from 1 mile to10 miles south of Renk.
„ Giel	Salem Banga	Right bank of White Nile from Elwat toMeshra Zeraf-Awitong.
„ Ageir	Akol Wad Shol	Right bank of White Nile from MeshraZeraf to Khor Adar.
„ Beia	Anyan Wad Yor Din	Right bank of White Nile up KhorAdar.
„ Niel	Wol Wad Lual	Right bank of White Nile up Khor Adar andnear Kodok.
„ Dunjol (Sobat)	Aiyung Wad Agwot	Right bank of White Nile oppositeKodok.		The Dinkas of the Sobat and Bahr El Jebelare now (1904) being taken in hand, and the headquarters of theInspector for this district is at Abwong.
„ Gnok Deng	Maiang	Gokjak to Wang Nait. Right and leftbanks.		Pay £E450 taxes, 1904.These two sections own about 7,000 cattle and 7,500 sheep.
„ Rueng	Kur Mantoj	From Khor Filus across to J. Zeraf andbehind K. Atar.
„ Left bank White Nile, near LakeNo	Bilkwai	Left bank of White Nile near LakeNo.		During Mahdia lived near JebelIliri.
„ (Bahr El Zeraf)	Twi or Twich	Right bank of Bahr El Zeraf nearlyopposite to Shambe.		The chief with whom Mr. Grogan had somedifficulty. Appear to be not unfriendly to Government, but are noton good terms with the Dinkas at Bor.
„ (Bahr El Jebel)	Byor and Kur	Bor and neighbourhood		Much afraid of Sheikh Lom of the Beritribe. Very friendly to Government.
Nuer	Kwandai	At Torkoyt on the right bank of Sobatopposite Nasser. Fishing quarters on Pibor in January andFebruary.		Said to be friendly to Government.Frequently visits Nasser Post. Reported to have left Torgoytopposite Nasser, May, 1904, and to have moved into the Anuakcountry further west.
	Gang	Tawfot, east of Nasser, right bank ofSobat, and fishing quarters on River Mokwai and Pibor in Januaryand February.		Said to be unfriendly to Government(1904). Nyal, Sheikh of Ajungmir on Baro, who is under Gangappears, however, quite friendly.
	Jok	Koratong, fishing quarters lower down onPibor at Bil, etc.		Friendly to Government. Jok is a son ofthe late Sheikh Yohe.
	Denkur	Keik-Khor Filus		Sheikh of Lau section. Powerful and saidto be still opposed to the Government. Other Nuer chiefs on K.Filus are Kwoin Gol (Nerol), Lemtut Thiang (Wunleng), and Adol, thetwo former are said to be in favour of the Government, whilst thelatter adheres to Denkur.
	Fadur	Between Bahr El Zeraf and Bahr ElJebel.		Sheikh of Lak district. Believed to befriendly.
	Toi Wad Thief	Kuek, right bank of Bahr El Zeraf		Friendly to Government; visited KhartoumJanuary, 1904. Sheikh of Thiang district.
	Diu	Faki, right bank of Bahr El Zeraf, nearAjiung.		Said to be powerful and unfriendly toGovernment.
				The Nuers are very large cattle owners.Government is at present little in touch with them as they appearunable to eradicate from their minds the memories of the slaveraids in the time of the old Government. They are expert hunters ofelephants with spears, and great fishermen. They appear to be morepowerful than the other tribes adjoining them, but seem to havelittle combination. The Nuer tribal mark consists of six horizontallines across the forehead.
	Nyal	Island formed by Bahr El Jebel and BahrEl Zeraf.		Sheikh of Gaweir section. VisitedKhartoum May, 1904.
Shilluk	Fadiet Wad Kwad Keir	Mostly on left bank of White Nile fromKaka to Lake No. A few live further north, and there is a sectionliving on both sides of the Sobat near its mouth, also on KhorAtar.		The Shilluks are governed by a Mek orking elected according to tribal custom, subject to the approval ofthe Governor General. The Mek has judicial powers based on tribalcustoms, but all decisions are subject to the right of appeal tothe Governor at Kodok. Their number was estimated (1903) at 10,300males, and 29,000 women and children. In 1903 their cattle wasestimated at 12,200 and their sheep and goats at 63,000. They alsodo a good deal of cultivation, and in years of good harvest theirgrain is an important factor in the food supply of Omdurman andKhartoum.
Arabs, Gowama	Abu El Gasim	Fama		Small branch of Gowama from Taiara.
„ Hawazma	Abdel Wahab	Fama and J. Iliri		Branch of the Kordofan Hawazma.
„ Kenana	Faki Hamed	Atara, north-west of Kodok		Few and poor. Wear their hair brushedback in long curls or plaits.
„ Selim	El Hag Suleiman	Left bank of White Nile from Jebelein tonear Kaka.		Baggara Arabs, who, however,own few cattle, but many sheep and goats. Do little cultivating.Tribute, £200.
		Right bank from Jebelein to nearRenk.

List of Tribes in Darfur arranged according to their former Provinces.[256]

Name of Tribe.	Head Sheikh.	Residence.	Remarks.
I. FasherProvince.
Baza	El Fiki Mohammed	Fasher and surroundings	Sedentary. Small tribe.
Beni Fadl	Mohammed Nasr El Din	Burush to J. El Hella	Sedentary Arabs. Cultivators and smallowners of cattle and sheep.
Berti	Adam Tamim	From Melit to J. El Hella and Tagabo	Large tribe. Sedentary. Originallyslaves. Cultivators.
Beshir	Saleh Daud	Near Fasher	Arabs. Cultivators.
Fellata	Bakr Geigar	Masarra	Sedentary black tribe. Cultivators.
Fors, Kunjara	?
„ Masabat	?
„ Tungur	Ahmed Rashid	Kutum, and east of J. Marra, to J.Haraz.	Fors. Related to Royal Family.
Tarjam	Salem	Near Fasher	Fors. Cultivators.
Gimma	Under Sheikh of Berti	Ergud	Arabs. Small tribe. Cultivators.
Gimr	Ahmed Beida, Sultan Dar Gimr.	West of Kebkebia	Cultivating Arabs. Considered veryaristocratically bred.
Hawara	Hasabo	Around Fasher	Originally Egyptian Arabs. Very few.Traders and owners of cattle.
Jileidat	?	J. Oba, near J. El Hella	Arabs. Cultivators.
Kaja	?	Kaja Serrug	A large black tribe. Cultivators.
Kurubat	Fiki Fakhr El Din	Fasher	Arabs. Traders.
Meidob	?	Near El Fasher	Black sedentary tribe. Poor. Cultivators.Owners of sheep and donkeys.
Mima	Ahmed Bakr	J. Fafa; 2 days south of El Fasher	Small sedentary tribe. Originally fromBorgu. Cultivators.
Tireifia	Ahmed Karar	Fasher. Formerly living at Kobe	Sedentary Arabs. Originally from Dongola.Traders and owners of cattle.
Takarir	No Sheikh	El Fasher, and scattered aboutDarfur	Black tribe. Few. Traders.
Wahia	Dau El Beit	Around Fasher	Originally from the oases. Traders andcultivators. Very few.
Zaghawa	Mustafa Wad Bakr	Dar El Zaghawa, 1 day north of Fasher,and west to north of Wadai.	Black Arabs. Large tribe. Mostlysedentary. Cultivators and breeders of camels and cattle.
Zeiadia	Hemedo (Jadalla Isa, now atOmdurman).	Melit	Arabs. Cultivators. Formerly rich andbreeders of best horses in Darfur. Now small tribe, poor.
II. DaraProvince.
Beigo	Abu Bakr Naga (now with Ali Dinar atFasher).	South of Dara	Blacks. Originally from Faroge in B. ElGhazal. Cultivators. Sedentary.
Beni Helba	Abdel Rahman Habbo	South-west of Dara in Wadi Azum	Baggara Arabs. Nomads and sedentary.Cultivators, and formerly owners of large numbers of horses,cattle, sheep, and donkeys. Now poor.
Birgid	?	South of Dara	Blacks; not slaves. Cultivators.Sedentary.
Bornu	?	Menawashi	Black tribe. Traders and small cattleowners.
Dajo	Suleiman	Near Dara	A black tribe, poor. Cultivators.
Habbania	Bahri Wad Osman (Mohammed Abu Saad,Omdurman).	Kalaka	Large sedentary Baggara Arab tribe.Cultivators and traders (Sheikh Mohammed Abu Saad, Omdurman).
Maalia, Maaglia	Belal Wad Ahmed Dau Dau	Between Shakka and Taweisha	Arabs. Mostlysedentary. Cultivating dukhn and water-melons.
„ Um Kreim
Rizeigat, Um Ahmed.	Musa Madibbo	Abu Gabra and Shakka.(Bounded on north by Fors and Maalia; east by Homr; on south byBahr El Arab; and west by Habbania.	Large nomad Baggaratribe. Formerly most powerful tribe in Darfur, possessing 3.000horses. Now comparatively poor.
Rizeigat, Abu Salim
Taaisha	(Kubr Abd el Rahman, Omdurman).	Between Habbania on east and Dar Sula onwest; south of Beni Helba and north of Dar Fertit.	Formerly cultivating nomad Baggara Arabs.Now mostly sedentary. Cultivators. Formerly rich, now poor.
III. KebkebiaProvince.
Bedaiat	?	North and north-east of Wadai	Black nomad Arabs, connected with theZaghawa. Owners of camels, horses, and sheep. They never cultivate,but live on meat, milk, and dates.
Beni Hussein	?	West of Kebkebia	Nomad Arabs—now few in number.
Mahria, Ereigat	Mahakkar Mohammed Ali	From Kebkebia to Fasher, and atMelit.	Formerly nomad Arabs. Cultivators. Poortribe. Originally belonged to Rizeigat.
„ Nawaiba	?
„ Mahamid	?
Masalat	Abu Bakr Ismail	Dar Masalat, south of Dar Tama	A large independent black tribe.
Tama	Senin	Kebkebia, on west frontier of Darfur,between Zaghawa and Dar Masalat.	Black tribe owning horses. Cultivators.Will not acknowledge Ali Dinar.
Mountaineers	?	Nurnia, and other villages in J.Marra	Black tribes. Owners of cattle andcultivators of wheat, etc. Collectors of honey and salt.

GENEALOGICAL TREE SHOWING THE DESCENT OF THE PRINCIPAL BAGGARA TRIBES.