By Captain H. H. Wilson, January, 1903.

Place.Miles.Description.
Inter-mediate.Total.
Jebel Ahmed Agha——The track up Khor Rauruns northwards for 2 miles and then crosses the khor, and turningeastwards follows it closely. Country well wooded, though in placesthe forest gives place to bush.
22
Gaibek7¾9¾A village of the Dinka district of Gi-el,sub-division Baanwen. The whole of this country is in certain yearsunder water, not from the local rains, but from the overflow ofKhor Rau, which brings water down from the Abyssinian mountains.After such a flood, extraordinary dura crops are harvested, beingsown as late as October, when the waters subside.
Debba Mabiu5⅛14⅞On R. bank of khor, which is here some 60yards wide, with pools of water in places. Scene of fight betweenDinkas and Government troops in reign of Said Pasha.
¾15⅝Cattle zeriba of Kwach, part of Gi-el.Lake filled with weeds and ambach.
Birket Rau116⅝Another cattle zeriba of Kwach, and justup stream a large open lake or swamp, filled up with weeds, &c.Quantities of wildfowl and snipe; also lion, giraffe and antelope,all of which were seen.
From here a track runs inland to theDinka villages, and a track exists up the khor, the ultimatedestination of which it is impossible to judge from native reports.Track inland very bad, cracked cotton soil, and long, rank, unburntgrass, which, bent down by the strong north wind, presents all itsspikes at the face of anyone marching northwards.
Awitong622⅝Built on a mound which is surrounded bywater in flood years. Country wooded, small trees.
325⅝Very fine dura cultivation extending formiles. Large white dura; one “head” which was counted contained2,600 grains.
Dry lake¾26⅜Extends some miles and track winds alongit. Many fruit-bearing sidr trees in bed of it.
Water hole127⅜Situated in thick forest; Dinkas inzeriba near here water their cattle from this and do not go toriver until it is dry. Elephants had drunk here the previousnight.
Woniat¾28⅛Cattle zeriba of these Dinkas. From herea good track goes to Jebel Gerawi, two days’ march; no water to begot on route.
Debba Fobung2¼30⅜High sandy debba, from here a small hillcan be seen, Jokdit, direction was pointed out by a Dinka up atree; bearing 355°.
¼30⅝Water hole at N., foot of debba,dries up latter on.
Track is now excellent, running throughsandy goz, ground high and forest of fine trees (sabakh). This roadis passable all through the rains, and devoid of long grass andmud. Leads to Renk.
131⅝Two small dry ponds.
Goz Kash-Kash2¼33⅞Heavy sandy ground; very fine forest ofbig trees. Six wells dug in the sand, water said to be availableall the year round. One huge ardeib tree by wells. Many treescalled “dorod” by Arabs, “gia” by Dinkas. An old track runs to theriver on the Ahmed Agha—Renk road, which it joins at the spot wherethe old Dinka elephant pits are, but it is now disused and chokedwith grass.

45.—ITINERARY UP KHOR ADAR.

By Captain H. H. Wilson, January, 1903.

Place.Miles.Description.
Inter-mediate.Total.
Mouth of Khor Adar——Khor at mouth is about 40 yards wide andseveral feet deep, the depth being, from about 100 yards up-stream,uniformly 4 to 5 feet. Dinkas say there is a current in therains.
1¼1¼Cattle zeriba of Beia R.; bank; big DebbaL.
¾2Cross a small khor that runs in fromN.
3¾5¾Cattle zeriba on leftbank. Khor bends off to the R., and is joined again at 6¾ miles,when track follows it. Cattle zeriba on L. bank ¾ mile away.Country is open grass plain, except close to mouth of khor where itis wooded, and a few patches of scrub here and there along thebanks.
16¾
17¾Cattle zeriba Beia onR. bank. Khor bends off and is joined again at 9¾ miles, from whereit makes a big bend southwards, and is not seen again tillRengachuk is passed.
29¾
Going so far very bad over much crackedsoil and few shade trees.
Track now runs over a rank grass plain tothe first Dinka village at
Tedao8½18¼District of Beia; Sheikh Amwot wad Aiwel.From here villages can be seen ahead on all sides. Few trees,practically a vast plain, intersected with depressions that in thedry seasons are hard to define, and which in the rains might beserious obstacles.
Bekjuka2½20¾Another village of Beia.
Abai-at2¼23Village of Ni-el; mostly cattlethieves.
Jokdwet1¾24¾Village of Jokdwet, of districtNi-el.
Wuntao1¾26½ „ „ „ „
2½29Fairly thick trees and bush lasting 1mile.
Rengachuk5¼34¼Village of Ni-el, of the Addora people.Consists of two portions. From here track runs down to khoragain.
2½36¾At this point the khor is of greaterdimensions than at the mouth, being 60 yards and 5 to 6 feet deep;choked however with long reeds and sudd.
¾37½Track here crosses a small khor, dry inJanuary.
Khor Niagweia¼37¾This is another important khor that isreported to come from the Burun country, but it was reported dry afew miles up (January, 1903). It is probably the khor shown on somemaps as “Ez Zamma,” a name which is not recognised by anyinhabitants, 60 to 100 yards wide and 4 to 5 feet deep.
Track now runs through jungle for 3miles.
Khor Adar7¾45½Khor Adar is met here again, having,since fording Khor Niagweia, been on the R. at varying distances.Track now follows it. Country here is very uninteresting, no gameand few trees, but the ever present long grass. Path meets the khorat
Raduk¼45¾Width here 40 yards, depth 4 feet; trackcuts across a bend and meets khor at
Gwatan3¼49Cattle zeriba of Ni-el; people mostlywanted by the police, and who have retired to a safe distance. Khorclose on L.
2¼51¼Track crosses a khor that is dry 100yards up.
Many elephant tracks on edge of khor, butmade in the rains. From here a track exists through a country ofunburnt elephant grass, the actual ground being well-nighimpassable, being ploughed up by elephants, and overgrown with atangle of vegetation, through which nothing but fire or elephantscould make a path. Looking from the top of an high ant-heap, thecountry is seen to be more wooded inland.
Khor Benatat758¼Is said to join Khor Adar about 7 milesup. Dinkas also state that two other khors joins Khor Adar ahead,one from S. Khor Aturuk, and one from N. Khor Fao-eng.
From here to the Nuer country isvariously described as being from 2 to 5 days.

46.—J. JEROK, viâ J. ERI, KILWEGA, TO WAD DELUKA (about 52 miles S.E. of Melut).

By Major G. de H. Smith, May 1904.

N.B.—This is not a route that is much used, but it was opened up by cutting the bush, etc., in May, 1904, with a view to its possibly being suitable as a trade route from Beni Shangul to the White Nile at Melut. The going is nearly all over bad cotton soil and the water supply is at present very uncertain. It would no doubt be difficult during the rainy season.

Place.Miles.Description.
Inter-mediate.Total.
J. Jerok——Site of MilitaryPost. From here route to J. Maiak is that taken by the Wad Mahmudexpedition in February, 1904. Water in pools in Khor Ahmar1½ miles before reaching this hill.
J. Maiak1919
J. Eri1130Pond of rain-water, very uncertain, about1½ miles from the hill.
Villages of Gum Gum people939About 7 miles from Eri, a khor withrain-water (May) is crossed, and further on, the villages of GumGum people are reached. They drink from pools to the east of KhorGemmeiza and, at certain seasons, from rain pools about 1 mile W.of villages.
K. Gemmeiza847Water in pool inkhor. A rain pool is passed about 4 miles further on, and thevillages of Burun from Gum Gum, called Kilwega, are reached.
Kilwega754
Sami (K. Gemmeiza)1064K. Gemmeiza now runs, in a very windingbed, a mile or two to the south of and parallel to the track. Apath has been cut to a watering place in the khor, called Sami.Past old burnt village of Kurara Buruns, who now occupy village onnew road-cultivation here, and water used by people from J. Ulu indry season. Khor very narrow and covered up with willows; on bothsides are swamps. Khor losing traces of sand. Two water holes herecould be much improved.
From Sami, track cut along high ground untilUlu track is met, going to
Khamiret El Tin1478Khamiret El Tin, about 4 miles off. Thisis a good track and much used but very tortuous, and follows alongridge of high ground. Before this, at 3rd mile, a track from Ulu toUm Adil on Khor Sami is crossed; this is apparently called Um Ebeilon Pruyssenaere’s route.
About one hour from Khamiret El Tin,track leaves khor and goes along a depression in which, later on,the 7 Hafiras of Khamiret El Tin village are. These areroofed-in ponds of marsh water and zeribaed to prevent animals,etc., drinking; water unpleasant; 5 of these now full ofwater.
Khamiret El Kurda684There are two water holes in Khor Sida,which is the same as Khor Sami, S.W. of village and used by somepeople who live there. This is better water. From here 6 miles offis Khamiret El Kurda; people from here now drink at Kumara HelletBishara. These villages are under Sheikh Ata Mannan.
Kumara Hellet Bishara791Khor, after Khamiret El Kurda, as alsohere, goes into Farashes and is apparently lost.
Hellet Bitter12103From here, 12 miles, general directionS., is Hellet Bitter; water not obtainable here all the year round;people drink at Bishara, etc., according to time of year.
Hellet Banjom6109No water here at present; road badgoing.
Wad Deluka14123About 14 miles off, in S.W. direction.Water here in two wells, one has fallen in.
Melut52 (?)175 (?)On the White Nile.

47.—URYONG on the SOBAT to the WHITE NILE opposite KODOK.