Fly.Fly is bad everywhere, and would be probably fatal to horses or camels. Strong healthy mules and donkeys seem to stand it, but weak, sickly and those with bad sores succumb.

Place.Miles.Description.
Inter-mediate.Total.
Ragaa——Track lies slightlyW. of S., good going through thick wood to small khor where alwayswater.
Khor1313
3½16½Another small khor where always water;whole country slightly undulating.
J. Legai723½Bare rocky mass about 100 feet high toright of track. Other hills, Tara, Jojeni and Goza, to E. andS.E.
5½29Cross deep narrow khor, now dry, and soonafter enter regular network of ridges of bare black granite calledMungiat. Track now slightly E. of S.
J. Mungiat1½30½Scattered village, Sheikh Zanga, underMusa Hamed. For next 4 miles track lies along narrow valley betweenridges of bare granite, crossing Khor Barmindiat, in which alwayswater, four times.
Shobindi5½36Scattered villages of Sheikh Shobindi,head Sheikh of all Mungiat district, an old man almost blind, underMusa Hamed. Sultan Nasser Andel also has people near here.
4½40½Khor about ¼ mile to left of track,always water. Track now lies S.E.; is narrow and impeded bybushes.
River Koko1252½Narrow river, always water; difficult tocross even when half full. Runs into Sopo.
1½54Small khor, always water.
River Sopo963Bad going through thick bush, and cross astony hill and River Sopo, 50 yards wide, good deal water still andslight current. Very difficult in rains.
Guji1275Beginning of Kreich villages under SheikhMinni Bey, which are scattered over several miles.
River Biri782Very similar to Sopo.
Deim Zubeir587Pass two small Kreich villages and arriveGovernment Post of Deim Zubeir, well situated on old site, onrising ground. Khor Ujuku at foot, now almost dry; fair water gotfrom wells. Reported healthy.

62.—KOJALI to TONJ.

By Lieutenant-Colonel Sparkes, July, 1901.

Place.Miles.Description.
Inter-mediate.Total.
Poste Arsenal or Kojali——Cross from left to right bank of JurRiver, which is 150 yards wide, 12 feet deep at banks, and 20 feetdeep in channel, current 4 miles an hour; crossing a matter of somedifficulty, as have only a small Berthon boat and a dug-out; ittakes some hours, but is effected without casualties.
Kana’s village5½5½The going on right bank much better thanon left bank. There is a good track, and grass as a rule not morethan waist high; on other side it was frequently 6 feet or 8 feethigh. Village of Kana-Rewa, a brother of Tembura’s, is well builtand well kept. Kana’s “Mbanga” or private enclosure surrounded bybanana trees. Cross two small khors en route. Village consists of40 to 50 scattered huts.
Khor38½Our track now lies to N.E., and wegradually leave Jur River. Khor is 12 feet wide and 3 feetdeep.
210½Ravine with small khor at bottom.
Khor Sur717½Twenty feet wide and 5 feet deep, runsinto Jur.
Khor Beilo½18Small khor 2 feet deep.
8½26½Marsh, but not bad crossing.
J. Hibi329½Rocky mass of sort of grey granite, siteof final battle between Nyam Nyams and Bongos, which lasted 6 days,when latter were utterly defeated.
Khor Kumio130½Fifteen feet wide, 2 feet to 6 feet deep.Village of Bongos, slaves of Sheikh Kana, just beyond khor.
Khor737½Small khor, 10 feet wide, 18 inchesdeep.
Ndoruma’s village239½Village of Ndoruma Rewa, another brotherof Tembura; it is quite new, only having been built within last fewmonths. Very similar in size, &c., to Kana’s village, and isthe extreme northern outpost of the Nyam Nyams.
2½42Marsh 100 yards wide, at present only 6feet deep; another marsh 200 yards wide, but not yet badcrossing.
Village5½47½Ndoruma’s old village, abandoned 2 monthsago, huts all still standing and in good order.
Khor1158½Small khor, dry in winter.
Khor2½61Small khor, dry in winter.
Khor Wolo1778Dry in winter.
Khor Kordabella3½81½More a marsh than a khor, said to benever dry, much cut up by elephant tracks, and have considerabledifficulty with animals in crossing.
Khor Gutong6½88Said to have always water running to N.,and rather fancy this may be River Mulmul under another name.
Khor Mungara391Always contains water, more a marsh thana khor, with muddy holding bottom and cut up by elephant tracks,100 yards wide, and have to carry loads across as laden animalsfall and stick in mud.
River Tonj15½106½River plain here, some 3 miles wide,follow left bank, trees up to river edge on right bank. Riveralmost full, and about 40 yards wide.
15½122River here makes great bend to W. andcomes up to edge of trees, the river plain now being on right bank,but this is only for a short distance, as a rule the plain is onleft bank.
Khor4126Deep khor runningfrom W. to river; cross by going 1½ miles to N.W.
Tonj Post3129

63—TONJ to RUMBEK.

By Captain E. H. Armstrong, February, 1903.

Place.Miles.Description.
Inter-mediate.Total.
Tonj——Road from Tonjcrosses river close to, but N. of station, and continues slightlyN. of E to forest 3 miles, and on N. along edge of forest 3 milesmore to where river approaches close to it. From there road E. andN.E. through forest, passing elephant swamp (dry by January) tovillage of Sheikh Senug. Rakuba, two wells, 20 feet N. of rakuba,distance 11 miles. Road from there past villages of Sheikh Bol andthrough forest, direction E. to well in Khor Mahok under agemmeiza tree.
33
36
Sheikh Senug1117
Wag Abak21½38½Village of Wag Abak, Sheikh Gehak. Nowater in between, distance 21½ miles. Water can be brought fromvillage Paag, N. of wood to spot 4½ miles W. of gemmeiza tree, ifword is sent beforehand. Road continues S.E. across Khor Mahok, wetin January, passing village of Riang (another Sheikh Gehak), alsovillage of Rihan.
Gochin745½Hamada, interpreter,to village of Gochin, Sheikh Mabiur; two empty forts on W. bank ofriver Gell, distance 7 miles. On E. across river, then N.E. throughvillage of Sheikh Markoj (Panchoi) to village of Sheikh Jok Dau, 6½miles. Pool of good water on S. of village, and post and rest housein village. Road continues across village through forest, passingcorner of Khor Toj to village of Sheikh Marnal; wells in villageand pool on E. side, 12 miles. From there road S.E. along edge ofKhor Toj through Fanagai, Sheikh Gran, distance 7 miles, and on 5miles more to village of Sheikh Ateng, and 1 mile more to KhorGurman (or Gulman), where there is a bridge. From there to KhorAbeir, 9 miles, and from Abeir to Rumbek 9 miles more.
Sheikh Jok Dau6½52
Sheikh Marnal1264
Khor Gulman1377
Khor Abeir986
Rumbek995

64.—RUMBEK to SHAMBE.

By Captain E. H. Armstrong, 11th February, 1903.