By Major C. W. Gwynn, C.M.G., D.S.O., June, 1901.

Place.Miles.Description.
Inter-mediate.Total.
Roseires (Abramat)——The road to Abu Ramla is a very narrowtrack much shut in by thick bush and grass. After rain the heavyclay soil produces a particularly heavy and sticky mud.
For 5 miles from the river the bush isvery thick and soil very heavy. From the 5th to 10th mile the soilbecomes more sandy and the bush is thinner. At 12th mile 3 largeadansonias are passed; soil heavy clay but bush still open.
El Geri (Sheikh’s Village)2323At the 16th mile the road reaches the ElGeri hills and turns sharply north-east skirting their foot. Thesehills are not more than 200 feet high and are covered with lowtrees. They form a continuous mass though much broken and rocky.Along the northern slopes there is a quantity of bamboo, and road is stony.Skirting round north and north-east foot of the hills, road comesto a small Hameg village. Water (the first since Roseires) isobtained up a steep valley 1 mile south of the village. Road skirtsthe hills to this point, and then strikes off east again to J.Migin. Ground is nearly flat and clay very heavy, bush thick exceptat the 31st mile where there is a slight rise and open ground.Number of giraffe along the road.
J. Migin1437J. Migin is a small rocky hill. At itsnorthern end is a water hole in the rocks, which seldom is emptied,but which does not appear to be fed by a spring, so should not bedepended on. There are said to be other water holes on thehills.
J. Abu Ramla1754No water from this to Abu Ramla exceptafter rain. Khor Madar, which flows to Khor Zagoli, crossed firstbranch at 44th mile, and second ½ mile further on. Road passes 1mile south of J. Withwith and strikes the Abu Ramla mountainhalf-way along its west side, crossing the large dry Khor Aluk amile before. Road then turns north and skirts round the northernfoot of the mountain.
Mek’s Village458Mek Adam Wad Dafeir’s Village is at thefoot of the north-east corner of the mountain. Several other smallvillages are passed before reaching. Water is obtained from wellsin Khor Ramla, a mile east of the mountain, quality not good, but100 animals were easily kept in water.
Mek is of Fung origin, but theinhabitants chiefly Gumz.
From Abu Ramla, the trade road to Dunkurpasses through Abu Mendi my party left the main track however atthe first point where Dinder is met, and after that no well definedtrack was found till a couple miles before the Khor Adabiba.
Khor Ramla159Leaving Abu Ramla, road strikes almostdue east. The soil is much more sandy, and even in wet weatherfairly good going. Bush generally very thick, principally lowtrees.
Khor Babeheir968Large pool in KhorBabeheir; a khor about 10 yards wide, rising in the Bongo Hills andflowing to the Dinder. Road skirts north of J. Abu Nesag, a lowrocky hill. Road stony, and several small dry khors to cross.
J. Abu Nesag1½69½
Khor Abujar (Abu Holgar)574½Khor Abujar, sandy bottom, was in floodwhen crossed, but would probably always contain water in pools orin wells, 50 yards wide, banks easy.
Khor Ainki478½Khor Ainki was in flood, only justfordable, gravelly bed, 50 yards wide; water always obtainable.Good camping ground, east bank. Just east of the khor there is aslight gravelly rise, but bush still very thick; no viewobtainable. Road turns north-east to the Dinder.
Khor Barageili5½84Khor Barageili. Fair camping ground;water in pools.
Dinder R.1½85½Dinder is reached at the foot of smallrocky hill, J. Mogumbi. Main road to Dunkur appears to skirt alongthe bank, but the ground is very broken and path is almostinvisible. With a view to taking the most direct road, theexpedition crossed the river—about 100 yards wide, stony, androcky. Rapid flow of water, 2 feet deep. Guides missed the track,which was said to exist, but of which there was little or no sign,and when the Dinder was met again it was above the ford the guideshad been making for. River was followed to the mouth of the KhorAbu Gemmeiz, where it was just fordable. Bush traversed was verythick; quantities of water buck, roan antelope, and othergame.
Dinder and Khor1499½River forded just above the junction—100yards wide. River in partial flood, 3 feet deep. Skirted along leftbank of Dinder along a disused track.
Khor Damu5½105Khor Damu, 20 yardswide, rocky with steep banks. Left river and reached 1st Terracewhich marked the beginning of the foot hills. Path came in fromsouth apparently from Abu Mendi.
1st Terrace2107
Khor Adabiba1½108½Khor Adabiba, small khor with largepools; water always found.
Dunkur (Sheikh Nasser’s)9½118The road touches the Dinder at 55th mile,and then turns towards the chief village of the Dunkur district,which lies in undulating ground about 2½ miles south of the Dinder.There is a considerable amount of cotton grown, and tribute toKwara is paid in cotton. The natives are of a mixed Hamag and Gumzstock. Many of them can speak Amharic as well as Arabic. A fewAbyssinians are generally to be found here.

131.—DUNKUR to GALLABAT.

By Major C. W. Gwynn, June, 1901.

Place.Miles.Description.
Inter-mediate.Total.
Dunkur——
Dinder2½2½About 100 yards wide, 3 feet deep; stream3 miles an hour (but this was after rain). Banks easy, bed stony; agood deal of limestone in the river bed.
Khor Ajban3½6Country on north bank fairly open. Poolof good water in Khor Ajban.
Sheikh Hassan’s1½7½Sheikh Hassan’s Village small, and manyof inhabitants have moved to Gallabat. At the first village, ½ milebeyond Khor Ajban, road branches east to Kwara.
Dardakara6½14Road stony, and crosses a number ofkhors—some dry, but most with good pools—before reaching thepractically deserted village of Dardakara.
Adzko115Adzko also deserted.
Khor Adzko1½16½Large pool of good water in khor: road,very rough, skirting north side of J. Wadrabah.
Site of old Dunkur village in hills toeast of road.
Khor Gelagu420½Village of Gelagu, on south side of khor,only contains 3 or 4 families. Khor is 20 yards wide; unlimitedwater supply, though little stream is apparent.
From Gelagu there is a road round theUmzenidi hill, but the more direct road is over the pass N.E. ofthe village—this is stony but fairly easy.
El Gulut (Khor Afar)6½27El Gulut is aconsiderable Kunjara village on the Khor Afar (a good sized khorwith water in pools). From Gulut there is a road to Kwara. A gooddeal of cotton is grown in neighbourhood. There is a direct routefrom El Gulut to the Khor Dibaba, near J. Bayisa, but a moreeasterly route through Magumbal (a deserted village) avoids thecotton soil.
Magumbal532
Khor Dibaba6½38½Khor Dibaba, 30 yards wide with largepools, is crossed about 1 mile west of J. Bayisa. A very large wildfig tree at the crossing.
Seraf Ardeiba9½48Up to this point water is plentiful, butnone is met with crossing the watershed between Rahad and Dinder.Road is well marked and good. Very little water in the SerafArdeiba. Road skirting this khor is rough.
Rahad R.553Rahad about 50 yards wide, very slightflow of water between large pools. Bed stony. Many crocodiles inpools. Good camping grounds either bank.
Khor Andeiogo457On north bank ofRahad there is cotton soil, trees not so thick but more grass. KhorAndeiogo would generally be dry but there is a small pool east ofthe road. J. Dagarish, a low wooded hill, lies on the road at 59thmile. Khor Teir is a large dry khor.
Khor Tair6½63½
No water obtainable.
Shortly after crossing Khor Teir, ascentof the escarp, extending from J. Madbura to J. Belula, and formingthe watershed between Rahad and Atbara, begins.
The ascent of the lower spurs of J.Belula is pretty steep.
New Shangal9½73New Shangal is on the watershed and hasonly recently been built.
Shangal1½74½Shangal Khor is the first place afterpassing the Rahad that water can be relied on.
Gallabat4½79On the top of the escarp, cultivationbegins and extends at intervals to Gedaref.

132.—FAZOGLI TO KIRIN.

By Lieutenant Jackson, R.E., January, 1900.

Place.Miles.Description.
Inter-mediate.Total.
Fazogli——Follow Kukuru road for ½ mile, then keepto right and follow road leading about N.N.W. in the direction ofFamaka. Gradual ascent to crest of ridge forming watershed parallelto Fazogli ridge, along which road runs. Numerous small khors rundown on either side to join the river on the N., or the K. Aklulion the S.
Some tukls forming part of the village ofFazogli.
Khor Mogo¼1¼Road descendsabruptly and crosses the Khor Mogo, and shortly afterwards the KhorKulili. Both these khors about 15 feet wide with steep rockybanks.
Khor Kulili¼1½
Road now rises and crosses the outlyingspurs of J. Fazogli. Extremely rough going and ground covered withlarge boulders and rocks. River only about 200 yards off in places,with Famaka plainly visible on opposite bank. Left bank of riverhere consists of perpendicular rock from 10 to 30 feet high.
(Forked Roads)1½3Road continues extremely hilly anddifficult until third mile, where road divides, that on the rightleading to Deshalu and Abu Shaneina.
The road now takes a S.W. direction anddescends gradually into a flat bush. Road good, and level exceptwhere it crosses khors.
Khor Annis Sanganni¾3¾Fifteen yards broad, high banks. On thefurther side cultivation begins and continues with a few intervalsof bush the whole way to Masarkum. Dura is the chief product and isof all three kinds. The crop appears to be a very fine one.
Ainyet (not visited)1¼5Road on right leading to Ainyet (notvisited). Said to be a large village.
Khor (?)16Small khor, 5 yards wide, low banks.
Ragreig Village3¾9¾For the next mile the cultivation appearsto be particularly good and the bush begins and continues almostwithout interruption until within ½ mile of Ragreig—smallvillage—scattered tukls.
Khor (?)¼10Much cultivation. Small khor with sandybottom. Road follows bed for 250 yards.
Ragreig Village1½11½Straggling village on low ridge runningN. and S., at present uninhabited, Tukls in a bad state of repair,and the whole place overgrown with grass.
Abu Gara¾12¼Compact and well kept. The residence ofthe brother of the Mek of Fazogli.
Khor Tumat½12¾Quarter mile furtheron through the dura fields the Khor Tumat is reached. About 200 or300 yards broad here. Very shallow level bed, sandy. Road goesstraight on, crossing it diagonally to where it is joined by theKhor Masarkum. Some pools of very dirty stagnant water here. Betterwater to be obtained about ¼ mile up the Khor Masarkum from theholes dug in the bed of the khor by the inhabitants of this place.The water also is very bad however and full of mud.
Khor Masarkum¼13
Masarkum (Sheikh Bikori)¼13¼A fair sized village, surrounded by durafields. Rest house. Sheep, eggs, and milk (cows) readily obtained.There is (1900) only one cow however in the town, the remainderhaving been looted by Dervishes.
Leaving Masarkum the road runs south-westalong a ridge or plateau on the left bank of the Khor Masarkum. Theground on this side of the khor is much smoother, and there islittle thorn as far as J. Burgan. On the opposite side the bushappears to be thick. There is a quantity of cultivation; dura grownto a great height and producing fine ears. All soil appears good.Several villages are visible on the north side of the road. All goby the name of Ragreig which is probably the word for the class ofslaves or serfs that inhabit them. Road very good.
J. Burgan4¾18A low hill south of road marks the limitof cultivation, and from this the bush is thicker, though there islittle thorn, chiefly low large leaved trees, like young oaks, andthin grass.
Khor Masarkum (1st crossing)1¼19¼Khor Masarkum iscrossed four times. It is here known as Khor Timsah. At the firstcrossing water still in natural pools, and at third crossingobtainable by digging. It is about 20 feet wide, with sandy bottom,and vertical banks 12 feet high. Probably unfordable in flood.
3rd crossing2¼21½
After fourth crossing a dry and waterlesscountry is entered. Hardly any khors, and these extremely small.One patch of cultivation surrounded by a zeriba about ½ mile beyondlast crossing. Otherwise thin bush and grass. Road good on thewhole, but there is a good deal of loose stone.
J. Farfira (Pass)425½Road runs along foot of this jebel forsome distance, and then crosses it by a pass about 200 feet high.Ascent and descent rough and stony, but not very difficult fordonkeys. Rest house here.
Road now keeps close to the foot of J.Farfira, and keeping its original direction, leaves J. Gamella onthe right.
South of J. Gamella there are more tracesof water, and the khors become more frequent and larger. Countryundulating.
Khor El Hassan8¾34¼Khor with hard shingle bed about 30 yardsbroad. High steep banks. Rest house here. Water good and plentiful,but only by digging. Tributary of the Khor Tumat flowingnorthwards.
After crossing khor, country again flatand waterless, and covered with thin bush and grass.
J. Gami3½37¾Road skirts northern spur and then runsin a south easterly direction towards centre of J. Ragreig. Groundnow becomes uneven and much intersected by small khors flowing fromthe neighbouring hills to join Khor Shikatar. This khor rises in J.Ragreig and is at this point about 10 yards broad. Rocks and gravelin bed. Low banks.
The hills comprising J. Ragreig form ahorseshoe, up the central valley between the horns of which theroad runs. After crossing the Khor Shikatar for the first time, theroad gradually ascends a spur running down from the main or westernridge of J. Ragreig. About ¼ mile further on it gradually returnsto the valley, and crossing the Khor Shikatar it rises to the passbetween the main peak of Ragreig and the conical peak immediatelyeast of it.
Road follows course of Khor Shikatarroughly. Ascent nowhere very steep, but rough and stony. Thick bushand trees in the valley.
J. Ragreig4½42¼The pass over which the road runs isroughly 250 feet high. Nothing can be seen to the north withoutascending one of the two peaks on either side, owing to trees; tothe south a good view of the country can be seen, especially J.Keili, distant about 7 miles. This pass forms the boundary betweenFazogli and Keili. Guides state that ridge west of road belonged toFazogli, and that east of road to Keili. Jebel was originallyinhabited, but is now deserted. Inhabitants have gone, some toFazogli, some to Keili, forming the various Ragreig villages whichare scattered about. Descent from pass on south side much steeperthan ascent on north. Road zigzags at first, and then runs straightdown, passing between two small jebels. Very rough and stony. Jebelon right inhabited by Ragreig people, no name obtainable.
Country now very level again with slopedownwards towards J. Keili. Thin bush and grass. Road good.
Khor Magansor2½44¾Thirty yards wide. Rocky bed. High banks.No water at present.
Khor Ofat½45¼Twenty yards wide. Bed here full ofrocks. Water plentiful. Pools still remaining, but water stagnant,and it is necessary to dig to obtain good water (Jan. 1900).
½45¾Cultivation now begins opposite northernextremity of J. Keili, but only in patches, which are enclosed inthorn zaribas. Chiefly dura.
Road runs through centre of level groundlying between J. Keili on the right and Jebels Anguba and Fasholaon the left.
1½47¼Cultivation becomescontinuous, extending to foot of jebels on either side of road.Large trees scattered about, especially near jebels. Mek’s houselies at the foot of J. Keili, opposite J. Fashola.
Keili (camp under J.Fashola)148¼
There is no regular village, as the tuklsare scattered round at the foot of the hills. All the centre partof the valley is more or less under water during the rains.
Rest house here. Supplies of all kindsexcept vegetables and fruit are plentiful. I counted one herd of 20fine cows on first entering valley. Natives will take Egyptian money, but seemto prefer empty bottles or necklaces, soap would probably go well.Donkeys are scarce, and it is difficult to hire or buy.
Road on leaving valley skirts J. Fasholaclosely, and then heads nearly due south for J. Kamye.
Towards south and west there is a stretchof apparently unbroken flat bush to the horizon. Cultivation ceasesalmost directly.
Khor Gulbis1½49¾Ten yards wide, said to flow into BlueNile near Abu Shaneina.
At 2 miles from Keili there is a knoll onsome high ground, with a large and prominent tree, which forms agood landmark when approaching from the north.
J. Kamye——A low lying range of round-topped hills.No rock showing, grass right up to summit. Road passes throughoutlying spurs and knolls of this jebel on the western side. Comecultivation on northern slopes, and a great deal (chiefly dura) onthe south-west.
Khor Dunga453¾Leaving J. Kange on right, road passesthrough some low ground covered with bamboo, probably swampy inrainy season, crossing Khor Dunga, 10 yards wide.
Road now crosses a succession of smallkhors, all running west to join the Khor Timsah. Low ridges betweenkhors.
Khor Umburri3¾57Ten yards wide, steep banks, sandy bed,bush becomes thicker beyond this khor.
Khor Ahemir1¾58¾Five yards wide, low banks where roadcrosses; joins Khor Timsah about ¾ mile further west.
Khor Timsah¼59Twenty yards wide, very rocky bed, steepbanks; flows about due west where crossed by road, but turns northabout ¼ mile further down stream. Probably joins Khor Gulbis.
One large and deep pool of water atpresent, where road crosses, supply considerable, and fish can becaught in it; very muddy water, but appears to be good.
Road becomes more level now, and fewersmall khors to cross.
J (?)2¼61¼Low hills, thickly covered with grass andbush.
Road runs up a central spur. Ascentgradual and road fairly good. Descent on north side also alongspur, but steeper; road not so good, and covered with loosestones.
Khor Gummi2¾64Twelve yards wide; stones in bed.
Khor Mingil½64½A small shall khor. Hills (J. Mingil) nowbegin on either side. Road good, no steep gradients. Bush all overthe hills, very thick in the valleys, but thinner, and long grasson top.
J. Kurmuk3¾68¼Gradual descent to foot of J. Kurmuk.Tukls scattered round jebel, but probably not very manyinhabitants.
Latter all fled at our approach, and verylittle information could be obtained. No water near road, but alittle is said to be procurable further round jebel. Apparentlynothing for sale.
Road to Dul now turns off in a moreeasterly direction, and takes a straight course towards the jebel,which is plainly visible. Country quite flat and shallow until KhorEl Dahab is reached. Bush thick. Probably wet and boggy duringrains.
Khor Wirta½68¾Five yards wide, sandy bed. Just afterthis khor a road branches off to right, which, according to theguides, is used as an alternative road to Dul in wet weather, itrejoins the main road further on.
Khor el Dahab3½72¼Twenty yards wide, banks steep, about 20feet high, sandy bed. Winds very much in and out amongst thesebends for some distance before actually crossing it. Good waterobtainable here at present, also at a place about 200 yards beforethat, at which the road crosses khor. Gold found here about ¼ milebefore crossing khor; there are a number of circular shaft about 3feet in diameter, and some about as much as 20 feet deep, fromwhich the earth is taken. This is the first important khor in thebasin of the White Nile.
Khor Goshindo2¾75Small khor with steep banks.
Road now becomes hilly, and follows edgeof high ground, the ground on the left falling away rapidly to khorin valley below.
Dul2¼77¼No actual town, but a number of tuklsscattered about outlying spurs of Dul, also on north side ofvalley, and khor, which runs down in a north-westerly directionfrom the hills.
The natives depend entirely upon the goldwhich they find, and import all supplies from Gomasha. Nothingseems to be grown in this country. They are an idle and veryunintelligent people, and are unwilling to be of any assistance.They seem to be genuinely afraid of the Abyssinians. Waterplentiful and fairly good obtained in khor.
Road now takes a southerly direction andskirts the eastern slopes of J. Dul, winding in and out amongst itsspurs. Road rough in places and stony, but on the whole good. Tuklson all the high ground.
Khor Biberis1½78¾Small khor with rocky bed.
Khor Adunga½79¼Small shallow khor. Gold pits alongbanks.
Arakuba¼79½A collection of a few tukls on the mainjebel.
Khor Udanduk1¼80¾Actual channel 5 yards wide, it has lowbanks, and evidently overflows its banks. Road crosses it justbeyond the south-western spur of J. Dul, and heads direct for J.Mindon.
Khor Gensogala¼81Five yards wide, sandy bed.
(Forked roads)¼81¼Road divides; that on right going toKirin viâ Kumfo, and Jebels Beldoesu and Fana Gamenta;that on the left viâ Goha, Asosa, and Fadasi.
The former is a direct road, and couldeasily be made fairly good by clearing bamboo and levelling. It isvery little used, however, and there are no villages along it.Water is somewhat scarce. The latter, as far as we went, is a verybad hilly road; but a great trade route and very much used.Probably good when once the watershed is crossed.
—81¼Take right hand road at fork (left toGomasha). Road crosses a number of small khors. Ground betweenlow-lying, and would probably be mostly under water during rains. Agreat deal of bamboo. Road difficult to find.
Khor Ageheni¾82Broad shallow khorwith low banks and sandy bed. Road followed by us did not crosskhor at this point, but took us some distance more to the westbefore doing so. We were without guides, however, and the road isdifficult to follow. Probably we made an unnecessary detour. Plentyof water just below the surface. Natives were washing gold justbelow where we crossed; their tukls are scattered all abouthere.
1¼83¼
J. Kumfo1¾85Small jebels with tukls on them; a littlecultivation; road passes west of them.
Khor (?)186Road passes between jebels, crossingsmall khor, very rough and rocky, and sides of khor steep. Roadruns now along eastern slopes of hills. Very rough and covered withbamboo, which brings rate of progress of caravan down to about 2miles per hour. From here to the camp by the small khor S. of KhorDelligi.
Khor Belligi1¼87¼Twenty five yards broad, very shallow,sandy bed. No water.
Khor (?)188¼Small khor with very rocky bed anddifficult crossing for Hamla. Two large pools of very good water(Jan. 1900).
Road continues in a south-easterlydirection. Bush on both sides, but a small patch of cultivation onthe right at one place.
(Forked roads)189¼Road divides; take right hand branch,leading straight towards J. Beldoesu.
190¼Two small shallow khors, 15 yards wide,sandy.
Khor (?)1¼91½Khor 20 yards wide, a little water ondigging.
J. Beldoesu——Road now keeps along western slopes of J.Beldoesu. Numerous small deep khors to cross, and groundexceedingly rough and difficult for Hamla. On leaving J. Beldoesuroad improves and runs up and across valley between J. Fanaoge andJ. Fanagamenta.
K. Zalan5¼96¾A large quantity of excellent water inpools in the rock. Best place for Hamla to cross is by a sandbank,just above the rock.
Beyond Khor Zalan the road is fairlygood, but progress of Hamla is very much hampered by thebamboo.
(Pass)6¼103Road gradually ascends, and finally runsover a low and easy pass between J. Fanaoge and J. Fanagamenta.Pass about 200 feet high. Descent on south side along easternslopes of valley. Khors are numerous and very deep, but no water.Road extremely rough and hilly.
Khor Ahrakad5¼108¼Small khor with stony bed. A little wateron digging, but supply salty and very limited. This khor is notactually crossed by the road at the point where best water isfound, but lies a short distance to the east.
J. Taza——A fair sized jebel with two peaks andextremely steep sides. Road passes west of it.
Khor Lashe¾109Small khor with steep banks.
¾109¾Road forks; keep to right.
Khor Turus(or Yander)½110¼Broad khor with stony bed.
J. Belsuri——Road now passes between J. Belsuri onleft and J. Hode on right. Rather hilly and rough.
J. Hode——These hills are inhabited, and there issome cultivation.
1¼111½Forked roads in open space; keep toleft.
In the valley, through which road nowruns, there is a great deal of cultivation. Flat bush as far as theeye can reach towards south and south-west.
Khor Gaduk3114½Small khor with steep banks, a littlemuddy water still left above ground (Jan. 1900).
Agani1½116A few tukls; a considerable quantity ofcultivation, chiefly dura.
(Forked roads)1117Forked roads; keep to right.
(Forked roads)1½118½Forked roads—keep to left.
Khor (?)¼118¾Small khor 10 yards wide—south banksteep.
Ashuli¼119A few tuklssurrounded by cultivation. Road turns to left and then bears roundto right, and skirts the southern slopes of J. Gushu; rough inplaces, but good on the whole.
J. Gushu——
Khor Shugalu (Khor Befar)¾119¾Large khor with high steep banks, sandybed. Good water plentiful; much cultivation along banks, includingonions, water-melons, &c.
After crossing khor, ground rather unevenand grass and bush rather thick, until you get close to J. Kirin.Open ground along its base.
Kirin (Sheikh Hamed’sHouse)1½121¼Tukls scattered all round the jebel, butmost of the big men seem to live close to this place.
Open ground at base of hill, and verygood place for camp at present, but might be wet during rainyseason. Water taken from wells in sand about ¼ mile away, rathermuddy, and of a thick white colour like milk. Supply scanty atpresent, and our party finally took their water from Khor Shugalu.Inhabitants most friendly. Sheep, pigs, chickens, eggs, and dura inoverwhelming quantities, were sent as presents. Onions and milk(goats) can be obtained, but supply is limited.
People are ready to sell for gold(native, in rings), beads, soap, old bottles, tins, &c. Beads(blue or red) seem to be the chief thing required. Salt is alsogood. We got rid of a few fasses, but iron does not seem to be inrequest. Spear heads are no good. Cloth of the most brilliantcolours possible would probably also go well. Sheikh Hamed haslarge stores of dura in tukls on the hill, and sold it to us at 3gold rings (each worth about 45 piastres) the ardeb. There is asmall quantity of semsem (5 rings the ardeb) and lubia.
From Kirin the road runs straight onnearly due south. Some bad rocky places, until the spurs of themountain are all left behind, the road then level and fairly good,passing through bush of varying thickness, but with very littlethorn in it, and patches of bamboo along the banks of thekhors.

133.—KIRIN to KODOK.

By Major C. W. Gwynn, April, 1903.