[45] "Academic and Industrial Efficiency," by F.W. Taylor and Morris Llewellyn Cook.
[46] The specialistic and detailed care necessary for practical and exact time-study may be indicated by the reproduction below of a method of record used by Mr. Sanford E. Thompson in timing wheelbarrow excavations. (Explanation. The letters a, b, c, etc., indicate elementary units of the operation: "Filling barrow" = (a); "starting" = (b); "wheeling full" = (c), etc.)
[47] "Efficiency." Harrington Emerson.
[48] "Work, Wages and Profits," pp. 110 to 111. H.L. Gantt.
[49] While the bonus system as a means of compensation has been used very often in connection with the Scientific Management, it must not, however, be supposed that this method of compensation is alone and in itself Scientific Management. In fact, as employed without Scientific Management, it is to be regarded with some apprehension.
[50] The work in this department was, besides, rather slack at the time of year when I visited the factory, and wages for some of these workers were $6 a week, as low as they had been before the bonus was introduced.
[51] The girl who directs them and issues the orders receives a bonus for every stamper earning a bonus and earns on full time from $12 to $15.
[52] These girls are not employed under the bonus and task system. But it is interesting to observe that they may either sit or stand to iron, as they prefer.
[53] The men folders at the heaviest work here now receive with the bonus from $14 to $17 a week.
[54] A worker does not lose her regular wage if she is stopped by a breakage. Her time-card is altered. And she has credit on a time basis for the period while the machine is not running. A breakage in the first machine of a tandem pair stops both sewers. But a breakage in the second means that work piles up for the second sewer, and unless she makes it up, she will prevent her companion from earning a bonus, though not a time wage.